Go Green Indonesia ! MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW, RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
[email protected] www.ebtke.esdm.go.id
Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No. 1A, Cikini, Jakarta 10320
Tel. (021) 39830077
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW, RENEWABLE ENRGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
DIRECTORATE OF VARIOUS NEW ENERGY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY Jakarta, 2013
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
Definition of Ocean Energy according to Wikipedia:
“Marine energy or marine power (also sometimes
referred to as ocean energy or ocean power)
refers to the energy carried by ocean waves, tides,
salinity, and ocean temperature differences for
electricity generation.”
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1) Tidal Currents
2) Tidal Range
3) Waves
4) Ocean Thermal Energy
5) Salinity Gradients
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International Development of Marine Current Power Plants
Open Hydro MCT TGL
Lunar Energy
Scotrenewables
Atlantis Clean Current
SMD Hydrovision
Hammerfest Strom KORDI/MOERI South Korea Kobold
Which will become a global standard?
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Based on cartographic calculation,
Indonesia has a total ocean area that
extends to 5,8 million kilometres.
Ocean energy is one of renewable
energy sources.
Ocean energy is energy that is
generated from oceans and seas, and
is certainly a source of renewable
energy since the methods and
technologies used to capture wave
and tidal energy do not produce CO2
emission.
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One of the potentials of seas
and oceans that has not been
widely known to the public is
the potential of seas and
oceans to produce electricity.
In general, ocean energy potentials
that can generate electricity are
divided into 3 types, namely tidal
power, wave energy and ocean
thermal energy.
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Wave energy is the energy
generated from the movement
of waves toward the shore and vice versa, and it is a form of
energy that can be harnessed
by recognizing the wave
height, wave length, and wave
period.
http://www.ebtke.esdm.go.id/
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Ocean currents are sea water mass
movements from one place to another.
Ocean currents may occur due to
differences in the salinity of sea water
masses, wind, tides, or ocean surface
differences. Movement of ocean currents
can be converted into electrical energy. In
simple terms, the current energy can be
converted into electrical energy by installing
marine propellers, and the propellers will
then drive the turbines that can generate
electrical energy.
(www.lemigas.esdm.go.id)
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An energy that utilizes high tides
and low tides.
The water flow can drive a turbine
to generate electricity.
Tidal energy utilizes sea water
movement in large amounts (tides).
The working principle of tidal energy is
very simple. At high tide, the sea water
comes in through the dam via a valve
that can be opened automatically. At
low tide, the valve inside the dam is
closed, and the sea water is therefore
trapped inside the dam. It is this
trapped sea water that is utilized to
rotate the turbines.
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Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
Power plants can utilize the temperature differences to generate
energy. The utilization of this type of energy source is called
ocean thermal energy conversion.
Source: http://www.ebtke.esdm.go.id/en/energy/renewable-energy/ocean-
flow/824-energi-panas-laut.html
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Islands = 17,480
Ocean = 5.8 million km2
Ocean EEZ = 2.7 million km2
Coastline = 95,180 km
Population (2010) = 236 million
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Tidal Range Energy Potentials
Source: Donny Achiruddin in New, Renewable Energy & Energy Conservation Symposium
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At the present time, technologies have been
developed to harness energy from the
ocean for electricity generators. The
development of electrical energy generation
installations by utilizing wave and tidal
energy has been done up to a commercial
level in some countries, such as Scotland
and Portugal for wave energy, and France
and the U.S. for tidal energy.
In Indonesia, potential areas include parts of
Sumatra, Sulawesi, West Nusa Tenggara,
West Kalimantan, Papua, and the south
coast of Java.
Source: file.upi.edu.com0
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Upstream (Extracting ocean energy)
Downstream (Converting into energy products)
Power Generation
PRIMARY INDUSTRIES END UTILIZATION
Tenaga Listrik
Results
NATURAL RESOURCES
Ocean
Energy
Resources
VALUE CHAIN OF OCEAN ENERGY INDUSTRIES
ENERGY PRODUCTS
Commercial
Industries
Transportatio
n
Households Survey on
Potentials of
Currents, Waves,
Tides,
Temperature
differences
Ocean Energy Transmission Power
Distribution Power
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INSTITUTION UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTAL
AFFAIRS
Generation
Transmission/ Distribution
Electric Business License for Public Purposes (IUKU)
Commissioning
National
Electricity
Company
(PLN)
Ocean Energy Policy
MINISTRY OF
ENERGY AND
MINERAL
RESOURCES
LOCAL
GOVERNMEN
TS
•Location permit
•Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL)
•Building Construction Permit (IMB) for Power
Plants
INVESTMENT
COORDINATING
BOARD (BKPM)
•Investment Permit
INSTITUTIONAL RELATION IN OCEAN ENERGY EXPLOITATION
•Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL)
MINISTRY OF
MARITIME
AFFAIRS AND
FISHERIES
“Marine Area Use Permit”
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TOTAL ENERGY 2010 2015 2020 2025
1178,19 1590,93 2152,61 2819,51 100 %
Biofuel 37,05 74,10 111,15 222,30 7,88 %
Biowaste (Electricity) - 7,41 22,23 66,69 2,37 %
Geothermal 22,23 66,69 111,15 222,30 7,88 %
Hydro Energy 7,41 14,82 37,05 81,51 2,89 %
Ocean Energy - - 3,71 7,41 0,26 %
Solar Energy - 3,71 14,82 29,64 1,05 %
Other Renewable Energies - 1,48 7,41 11,12 0,39 %
New Energies (nuclear and others) - - 14,82 88,92 3,15 %
Oil 585,39 615,03 629,85 666,90 23,65 %
Gas 237,12 311,22 407,55 555,75 19,71 %
Coal 288,99 496,47 792,87 866,97 30,75 %
2.2 ENERGY MIX PROJECTIONS UNTIL 2025
Million BOE
Data source: Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources’ Material Presented
in Economic Affairs Coordination Meeting on Energy Policies, 2012
BOE = barrel oil equivalent
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154 Units of
New &
Renewable
Energy-Based
Power Plants
NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY-BASED POWER PLANT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
FOR FISCAL YEAR 2014
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare 21
OCEAN ENERGY ELECTRICITY DEVELOPMENT
UNTIL 2015
Province Municipality/District
Developer Status Development (MW)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
1. East Nusa Tenggara
Alor APBN -- -- -- 0,04 0,54
2. Bali Klungkung (Nusa Penida)
APBN -- -- -- 0,52 1,02
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Energy Sources
Coordinate Location
(0)
The result of
Potential Energy
Waves 6.18339S 105.17228E H = 3,2 m and T =
17,8 s
Tidal waves 5.907198S 105.868902E Average range 7,67
m
Wind 5.22478S 106.336E Average V 2,4 m/s
Ocean currents 5.356S
106E
Average V 0,5 m/s
Table 1. Pow er Potential : Ocean Energy for pow er plant
ALTERNATIVE OCEAN ENERGY POWER PLANTS
AROUND SUNDA STRAIT
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Renewable Energy Investment Cost (USD/kW) O&M Cost (USD/kW)
2010 2050 2010 2050
Biomass steam turbine 2500 1950 111 90
Geothermal 2400-5500 2150-3600 220 136
Large hydro 2000 2000 40 40
Small hydro 3000 3000 60 60
Solar PV 3500-5600 1000-1600 50 13
Solar CSP 4500-7000 1950-3000 30 15
Ocean 3000-5000 2000-2450 120 66
Wind onshore 1450-2200 1200-1600 51 39
Wind offshore 3000-3700 2100-2600 96 68
Cost Assumption for Renewable Electricity
Generation (IAE Scenario 2050)
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Offshore Distance, Km Capital Cost, $/kW Cost of Electricity
(CEO), $/kWh
10 4,200 0.07
50
5,000 0.08
100 6,000 0.10
200 8,100 0.13
Based on estimation cost by L. A. Vega, Ph.D. of Pacific
International Center for High Technology Research
(PICHTR), Honolulu, Hawaii
Cost estimates for 100 MW CC-OTEC Plantship (CEO for 10% fixed rate and 20 years)
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OCEAN ENERGY COUNTRY TECHNOLOGY POWER
Currents United Kingdom
Italy
Ireland
Australia
AWS Ocean Energy
KOBOLT
Seagen Tidal Energy
Grav. Vortex
Pilot plant > 2 m/sec
Pilot plant > 3m/sec
1,2 MW commercial
50 MW > 1,3 m/sec
Waves Ireland
Australia
Spain
Power Buoy HTS
CETO
Osc. Water Column
Prototype
400 kW, distillation
300 kW, chamber
Ocean Thermal USA
Queensland
OTEC1-2
QE Tech
100 kW
10 kW
Some Countries That Have
Utilized Ocean Energy
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ENERGY at
OCEAN
COUNTRY TECHNOLOGY POWER
Offshore wind Denmark
United Kingdom
Wind mill farm
Wind mill farm
400 MW
240 MW
Hydr. Cooling
Works
Canada Cooling Air cond. Save 7,5 MW
Some Countries That Have Utilized
Ocean Energy (continued)
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
Coal energy : US$ 4-5 cents/kWh
Gas energy : US$ 9 cents /kWh
PLN interconnection energy : US$ 7-8 cents /kWh
Ocean energy : US$ 7-18 cents /kWh
Fuel oil energy : US$ 20-25 cents /kWh
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
1. Output-outcome perspective:
Ocean energy utilization to increase Indonesia’s energy
resilience
2. Stakeholder perspective:
Roles of producers-consumers-regulators-researchers
3. Internal process perspective:
Supply and utilization climate of ocean energy, licensing,
standardization, supervision, etc.
4. Learning and growth perspective:
Human resource capacity, Institutions and Technology
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There are two strategies for ocean energy
utilization acceleration, namely:
(a) development priority strategy
(b) sustainable implementation strategy
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
Development Priorities:
Short-term priority, such as the utilization of
current and wave energy for coastal areas that
have not had access to electricity (which
generally require small-scale capacity power
plants).
Medium and long-term priorities, such as the
multi-purpose development of ocean thermal pilot
project with OTECS technology (electricity,
fisheries, mineral and fresh water supply,
research and tourism).
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Sustainable implementation strategy
Human resource development,
preparation of cross-sector roadmap,
regulations, standardization, and
development of national ocean energy
technology and industry
Coordination for the implementation of
ocean energy utilization; and Long-term
institutional cooperation strengthening
(Government-Associations-Universities
and Research Institutions)