GlobalizationGlobalization

QuestionsQuestions

What exactly is happening? What exactly is happening? How can we theorize it? (and why How can we theorize it? (and why

should we?)should we?)

Who does it affect and how? Who does it affect and how? How does it affect you? Why does it How does it affect you? Why does it

affect you that way? affect you that way?

What exactly is What exactly is happeninghappening

Bretton woodsBretton woods Washington consensus, Washington consensus, NeoliberalismNeoliberalism

FordismFordism Post-fordismPost-fordism

State-led State-led ‘development’‘development’

Market-led Market-led ‘development’‘development’

Fixed locationsFixed locations migrationmigration

‘‘modernity’, fixed modernity’, fixed identitiesidentities

‘‘post-modernity’, shifting post-modernity’, shifting identitiesidentities

Resistance to the Resistance to the statestate

Resistance to global Resistance to global powers, on a global scalepowers, on a global scale

What is it? What is it? ““a a set ofset of social processessocial processes that are thought to transform our that are thought to transform our

present social condition into one of globality. At its core, present social condition into one of globality. At its core, then, globalization is about shifting forms of human then, globalization is about shifting forms of human contact. Three important pieces of information: contact. Three important pieces of information:

1.1. we are slowly leaving behind the we are slowly leaving behind the condition of condition of modernitymodernity that gradually unfolded from the 16th that gradually unfolded from the 16th century onwards; century onwards;

2.2. we are moving toward the new condition of we are moving toward the new condition of (postmodern) globality; and, (postmodern) globality; and,

3.3. we have not yet reached it. we have not yet reached it. 4.4. 'globalization' suggests a sort of dynamism best captured 'globalization' suggests a sort of dynamism best captured

by the notion of 'development' or 'unfolding' along by the notion of 'development' or 'unfolding' along discernible patterns. Such unfolding may occur quickly discernible patterns. Such unfolding may occur quickly or slowly, but it always corresponds to the idea of or slowly, but it always corresponds to the idea of change, and, therefore, denotes the transformation of change, and, therefore, denotes the transformation of present conditions”.present conditions”.

From |Very Short Intro From |Very Short Intro

DefinitionsDefinitions Globalization can thus be defined as the Globalization can thus be defined as the

intensification of worldwide social relations intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versaoccurring many miles away and vice versa, , Anthony Giddens, Director of the London School of Anthony Giddens, Director of the London School of EconomicsEconomics

The concept of globalization reflects the The concept of globalization reflects the sense of an immense enlargement of world of sense of an immense enlargement of world of communication, as well as of the horizon of a communication, as well as of the horizon of a world market, both of which seem far more world market, both of which seem far more tangible and immediate than in earlier stages tangible and immediate than in earlier stages of modernityof modernity, Fredric Jameson, Professor of , Fredric Jameson, Professor of Literature at Duke UniversityLiterature at Duke University

Definitions (2)Definitions (2) Globalization may be thought of as a process (or set of Globalization may be thought of as a process (or set of

processes) which embodies a transformation in the processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions - spatial organization of social relations and transactions - assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity and impact - generating transcontinental or and impact - generating transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction, interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction, and the exercise of powerand the exercise of power, David Held, Professor of Political , David Held, Professor of Political Science at the London School of EconomicsScience at the London School of Economics

Globalization as a concept refers both to the Globalization as a concept refers both to the compression of the world and the intensification of compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a wholeconsciousness of the world as a whole, Roland Robertson, , Roland Robertson, Professor of Sociology at the University of PittsburghProfessor of Sociology at the University of Pittsburgh

Globalization compresses the time and space aspects of Globalization compresses the time and space aspects of social relationssocial relations, James Mittelman, Professor of International , James Mittelman, Professor of International Relations at American UniversityRelations at American University

Summary definitionsSummary definitions

VSI VSI

Globalization refers to a multidimensional Globalization refers to a multidimensional set of social processes that create, set of social processes that create, multiply, stretch, and intensify multiply, stretch, and intensify worldwide social interdependencies and worldwide social interdependencies and exchanges while at the same time exchanges while at the same time fostering in people a growing fostering in people a growing awareness of deepening connections awareness of deepening connections between the local and the distant. between the local and the distant.

Poto Mitan: Haitian Poto Mitan: Haitian womenwomen

http://www.potomitan.net/http://www.potomitan.net/

““Everyone else has spoken for Haitian Everyone else has spoken for Haitian women, yet, we have a history women, yet, we have a history ofspeaking for ourselves. I support Poto ofspeaking for ourselves. I support Poto Mitan because it offers us a rareglimpse Mitan because it offers us a rareglimpse into how Haitian women in the struggle into how Haitian women in the struggle understand their complexconditions and understand their complexconditions and what they are doing for themselves.”what they are doing for themselves.” - -Gina Ulysse, Haitian-American Gina Ulysse, Haitian-American scholar/activist/performer scholar/activist/performer

Other definitions?Other definitions? Haitian women you just sawHaitian women you just saw A woman worker in a MaquiladoraA woman worker in a Maquiladora A laid off worker in Hamilton or DetroitA laid off worker in Hamilton or Detroit A call center worker in India or a factory A call center worker in India or a factory

worker in Chinaworker in China An outsourcing tycoon in India or ChinaAn outsourcing tycoon in India or China A debt-ridden farmer in IndiaA debt-ridden farmer in India An recent MBA with a heavy student loan An recent MBA with a heavy student loan

unable to find a jobunable to find a job A Chilean pensioner who can now have A Chilean pensioner who can now have

global investmentsglobal investments

Is anything missing?Is anything missing?

Social Forces

Forms of state World Orders

Power?Power?

Reconfiguration of social forcesReconfiguration of social forces Reconfiguration of the matrices of Reconfiguration of the matrices of

social powersocial power

Feminist frameworksFeminist frameworks

Liberal feminismLiberal feminism Marxist feminismMarxist feminism Radical feminismRadical feminism Socialist feminismSocialist feminism Black feminismBlack feminism Post-modern feminismPost-modern feminism

What do these frameworks add to the earlier What do these frameworks add to the earlier definitions of globalization? What do they definitions of globalization? What do they capture and what do they exclude?capture and what do they exclude?