Ghana’s MRV set-up - “Climate ambition reporting program – CARP”
“reforming the government structure to be responsive to MRV”
Daniel Benefoh ([email protected])“Lead - transparency of action and support”
Climate change unit, EPA - Ghana1
Important take-home messages
• Institutionalization of MRV into government set-up in the surest way to achieve long-term sustainability”
• Assimilating MRV functions into the government set-up can be daunting.
• Government set-up - reach, legitimacy/authority, durable, processes, mandates backed by laws.
Important take-home messages
• Phase-out approach (progressive improvement)
• Build-on already existing structures
• Involvement of statistics office, planning commission and Ministry of Finance crucial
• Expensive, time consuming, frustrating but can yield positive results in future
• Investment in “systems”, “capacity” and “processes” can take time to yield results
Ghana’s national circumstances
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Emis
sion
s (M
tCO
2e)
Energy IPPU AFOLU Waste
Socio-economic, vulnerabilities & policies GHG emission profile
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Emis
sion
/Cap
ita
GD
P/ca
pita
GDP/Capita Emission/Capita
21.76
35.78
58.84
4.43
16.86
35.24
474.86
28.12
13.02
5.80
191.20
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Benin
Cote d'Ivoire
Ghana
Guinea-Bissau
Liberia
Mali
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Cameroon
Source : CAIT, 2015
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Ghana’s NDCs emission reduction goals
NDCs and SDGs – Vehicle for future prosperity (building blocks for NDC implementation)
WP:5Support and partnerships
WP:4Monitor
impacts of NDC actions
•Public funding
•Involving private sector
•International support
WP: 3 Track
progress of NDC goals
•Data management
•Strengthening existing MRV system
•Reporting NDC actions
WP: 2Institutions & engagements
•National system for tracking.
•Linkage with domestic MRV
•Capacity needs
WP:1Early actions
for NDC1
•Strengthening & coordination
•Stakeholder engagements
•Awareness & communication
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• Prioritize NDC actions
• Sector “allocations”
• Linkages with pre-2020 actions
GH-NDC
Partnership
NDC Actions
Research & Private sector
Engagement Institutions
Mobilize Finance
Transparency
NDC institution engagement support proposal to UNEP
Gender-responsive NDC planning proposal to UNDP
Preparation of Implementation planMainstream in 40 year plan
Climate data hub upgraded to include NDC and GCF portal
1. Resilience Landscape -GCF
2. Solar for Irrigation- GCF3. Ghana Shea Landscape REDD+ - GCF
4. NAP Readiness - GCF
5. Accra BRT Project??- GCF
3. UNEP DTU on assessment of “policy effects” - ICAT
Ghana Joined NDC Partnership
1. FNC/BUR2 launched
2. REDDplus NFRL Review underway
6. Ghana Cocoa Forest REDD+ Prog. - WB
Agric & Forestry working group co-chair
7. Scale up rooftop solar- GCF
8. AF Project- AF
What’s CARP about?
National plan to put in place and operate an “integrated national system” for:
Continuous data measurements & collection on GHG emissions (in place) mitigation actions (new) climate support (new) track progress of NDC targets (new)
Preparation & compilation
Domestic disclosure and international reporting
Technical and “policy” review (verifications)8
MRV for GHG
emissionMRV for actions
MRV for “support”
Track NDC goals
Our vision: “Build-on and…. into” existing public administration set-up
• Make MRV “culture” part of the “routine”
• Efforts should progressive, sustained towards integration (step-wise)
• Aim at long-term permanence of task
• Build on existing GHG MRV
• Integrate into existing “public administration” set-up
Public administration framework
Policy planning
Budgeting
Implementation
M & E
Line Ministries
Local Governm
ent
Non-state actor
Public servicesVehicle to delivering sustainable development actions
Ghana’s NDC
Climate actions MRVSupport
Benefits of using existing public administration arrangement
• Formulated around the “government approach” model• Channel for public administration (planning, implementation and M & E) • It has the reach – ministries, local government and non-state actors • Convening power • Legitimacy and authority • Time test structures, processes and continuous reforms• Success depend on the entry point
2. Planning, Budgeting and Overall Coordination
Core (development authorities) - NDPC
Sector policy formulation and coordination institutions - MESTI
Core budgeting coordination institutions - MoF
Budgeting & Implementation
Coordination Institutions(NCCC)
(Re)formulation and Planning
Relevant institutions &
extensiveStakeholders consultation
Monitoring & Evaluation
Research & Knowledge Generation
GHG, Mitigation, Adaptation and Support MRV institutions
International reporting
National CommunicationsBiennial Update reports
4. Monitoring and Reporting Institutions
3. Implementation Institutions
Ministries, Department and Agencies Institutions. E.g. Energy, Transport, Waste, Environment, Housing &
Infrastructure, Forestry, Industry and Agriculture
Institutions for sectoral coordination and harmonization of climate change actions
Institutions for mobilizing investments for Climate Change
Private sector and Businesses
1. Strategic level institutions
Office of President/Cabinet Parliamentary Select Committee
Environment & Natural Resource Advisory Council (ENRAC)
Private sectorCivil Society OrganizationsDevelopment PartnersPublic InstitutionKnowledge community
Municipal, Metropolitan, District Assemblies
(Local Government Authorities)
Development M & E (NDPC)
Institutional arrangement relevant to climate change based on the public administration set-up
NDCs functions
Identify institutions
Define roles and responsibilities
Mainstream NDC activities
Improve capacity
governance process (MOUs, agreement,
administrative directive, statue)
Data generation and sharing
Plan and implement NDCs
Track progress
Report impact
Mobilize support
Putting to Practice – staging
Planning and coordination institutions Implementation institutions Technical facilitation institutions
Mobilize support
Data generation and sharing
Track progressTrack progress
Institutions
Roles and responsibilities
Report impacts
Plan and implement NDCs
1. Planning &Staging
2. Integration 3. Pilot and Test 4. Deployment
December, 15 Install IT Infrastrucuture
Set up data collection and sharing network
Consultation and Institutional structure
Develop protocols for data generation and sharing
Develop and test facility level reporting templates
Identify and integrate mitigation and co-benefits indicators in APRs Decem
ber, 2018
December, 2019
Make necessary changes in MRV setup and operations
Collect feedback from users and data providers
Pilot MRV setup in selected institutions
Publish data from MRV system
Open Registry to public
Deploy MRV to all institutions Decem
ber, 2020
Post 2020
Continuous training
System audit and upgrade
5.First Upgrade
Launch MRV Prototype Hands on training for data providers and network owners
National arrangement and procedures ( example of GHG MRV)
• EPA Act 490• LI 1652
• Online data hub • 2006 IPCC guidelines• National GHG Inventory plan • Templates for data collection• National QA/QC plan
• Decentralized tasks to line ministries
• MOUs
• 5 sectoral teams
• National, corporate & projects levels
• Continuous training
• UNFCCC roster of expertsSkill sets &
scope Institutions
& roles
Legal basisData,
methods & IT
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Screenshot of online data hub
National arrangement – online archiving
Achievements so far
• National system for GHG inventory has been in operation since 2000
• Progressively improved with new reforms to improve institutional arrangement.
• Compiled 3 national communications, 2 national inventory reports and 1 BUR
• Successfully completed ICA (Technical review and FSV workshop).
• 30 experts from 16 public and private institutions constitute national team.
• Next reporting plan under preparation.
• MRV of climate action, MRV of finance and tracking of NDC goals are new tasks
• First carbon accounting report from the “Largest Power Producer in Ghana” (Volta River Authority)
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Latest international reports
Barriers
• Full implementation of “domestic MRV” can be a slow and “tough” endeavor.
• Limited funds (donor-dependent and no/low national budgetary allocation)
• Low visibility of MRV results for policy decision-making
• Access to good quality data (missing data, non-existing data)
• Capacity gap
• General lack of awareness
• How to effectively capture adaptation actions and their effects (indicators)
Lessons and good practices
• MRV in practice works better with development M & E. There is no need to reinvent the wheel, what is needed is a greater orientation and continuous capacity for existing structures.
• It could be expensive and difficult to start all afresh by introducing new data collection regimes. What is important is to pay attention to existing data systems that are already working and strengthen it to work better.
• The roles of National Statistics Offices, Ministries of finance and National Planning Authorities in data collection and mobilizing various ministries to get involved in sector MRV functions very crucial.
Lessons and good practices
• For the sake of long-term sustainability of domestic MRVs, it is important to start with what can work presently but ensure consistent progression to mainstream into the core activities of Ministries.
• For MRV to work effectively especially for industry, it must have a certain level of legitimacy and legal authority to get companies to make data available and report correctly on time. Use of existing environmental assessment procedures (usually backed by laws) for industry is crucial in getting industries involved.
• Continuous investments in data collection and putting in place data exchange system is indispensable.
Success factors
• Integration approach – build MRV into existing M&E system
• Phase-out approach – progressive improvements
• Decentralization of MRV tasks to line ministries (long-term sustainability & ownership)
• Incentive for career development (acquire new skills)
• Continuous training of team members
• Dedicated team (leadership, commitments, motivation, consistent team)
Thank you
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