Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
Dr Khalid Sait
FRCSC/Gynecologic Oncologist/Ass. Prof
KAUH/Jeddah / Saudi Arabia
Key Words Group of disease with wide range of
neoplastic potential Create a lot of challenge for us in term of
diagnosis and treatment Diagnosis and management will depends
on the history, HCG level and metastasis work up
Clinical pathology of gestational trophoblastic disease
1- Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells proliferation Moler pregnancy Invasive mole Choriocarcinoma
2- Intermediate trophoblastic cells derivative
Placental – site tumor
Risk Factors for Moler pregnancy Extremes of reproductive years Prior moler mole Prior spontaneous abortion Vit A deficiency Race ( Indonesia 1:85, USA 1:1500)
Clinical Features Large for date 50 % Hyper emesis 20 % Early PIH 5% Abscent FH ( except in partial mole or
twin pregnancy) Hyperthyroidism symptom and sign 5% Rarely presented with metastasis symptom
and sign
Management of molar pregnancy
Procedure Risk of Persistent GTT
Suction Evacuation
20 %
Hysterectomy 5%
Follow up of patient with molar pregnancy after evacuation
HCG weekly serum determination until normal for two values ,then monthly for 6 to 12 months
Contraception for 1 year Pelvic examination every 2 weeks until
normal,then every 3 months Check histopathology
If no proper decrease or BHCG start to increase
Persistent GTD
Indication for initiating treatment during post mole follow up Serum BHCG values rising more than 10 % for 2
wk ( 3 weekly titre) Serum BHCG values on plateau for 3 wk or
decline of less than 10 % Presence of metastasis Significant elevation of serum BHCG values after
reaching normal levels Choriocarcinoma or invasive mole on
histopathology HCG level still elevated 6 months after molar
evacuation HCG > 20000 miu/ml 4 weeks after evacuation
Work up of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia History and physical examination chest XR ( if neg CT ) Pretreatment HCG titre Hematological survey Serum chemistries CT of brain Ultrasound of pelvis Liver scan ( u/s or CT )
CLASSIFICATION OF GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DIS
Benign 1) complete mole 2) Partial mole Malignant (invasive mole and
choriocarcinoma) 1) nonmetastatic
2) metastatic a) low risk b) high risk
Risk factors(malignant GTD)
1.Disease present more that 4m(long duration) or
2.pretreatment B-HCG greater than 40,000mlu/ml or
3.presence of met to sites other than lungs or vagina i,e liver or brain etc..
4. prior chemo 5 following Term pregnancy
CHEMOTHERAPY FOR GTN
NON METASTATIC or
GOOD PROGNOSIS METASTATIC
*Single agent chemotherapy
*survival 90-100%
METASTATIC POOR PROGNOSIS
*Combined
chemotherapy
* survival 50 %
REMISSION OF GTN
DISEASE REMISSION
NON METASTATIC 100 %
GOOD PROGNOSIS METASTATIC 100 %
POOR PROGNOSIS METASTATIC 66 %
TOTAL 92 %
SUMMARY
GTD IS A RARE ENTITY THAT IS HIGHLY CURABLE , EVEN IN THE PRESENCE OF WIDESPREAD METASTASES