German & Italian Unification
By : Steve DunbarDate: 1/30/12AP World History
Nationalism•The feeling of loyalty and devotion to a nation
•Could be a cause of war
•Powerful force during 19th & 20th century
•Could create one nation from separate nations
•Could break up a nation into separate countries
Obstacles to Italian unification
• Italy was a nation divided• It was made up of 9 states - Lombardy & Ventia - Papal states(ones the pope ruled) - Piedmont-Sardinia(biggest one) - Other states were ruled by Austria• Most Italians were illiterate• Geography
Obstacles(continued)
• The Pope was feeling some type of way• No unanimous decisions • No European support
How was Italy get unified?
• Efforts of Mazzini, Cavour & Garabaldi
• Type of Geography
Count Cavour
• Count Camillo di Cavour - Organized Piedmont-Sardinia’s revolt against
Austria - political style was more politics and less
military -Made a newspaper called II Risorgimento in
1847 - Became Prime Minister of Sardinia in 1852
Cavour
• Wanted Austria not to have control over Italy
• Also wanted to unite the peninsula
• So he joined Napoleon in a military coalition• In 1859, piedmont & French armies went to
war
Giuseppe Mazzini
• Member of Carbonari
• He formed Young Italy
• Tried revolution but failed
Garabaldi
• Had a rough life at first
• Organized Risorgimento• 1860-1861 conquered Naples & Sicily -gave to Victor Emmanuel -so he could go home & chill!
Unified Italy
• United Italy was established in 1861• But it was missing Venice & Rome• Venice was added in 1866 after Seven weeks
war• Franco-Prussian War
German Unification
• Before the French Revolution, over 300 German States
• Congress of Vienna• States were very divided
Obstacles to German Unification
• France preferred 39 weak states to one unified nation
• Prussia was a more powerful than Austria
Supporting Unification
• Heinrich von Treitschke, Goethe & Schiller
• Zollverein
• Confederation of the Rhine
The Big Dog: Otto Von Bismarck
• The whole reason for German Unification• Leader of Prussia• Conservative views
German Unification
• Couldn’t persuade Parliament but had a plan
• Joined Austria to attack Denmark
• Prussia controls Schleswig & Holstein
German Unification
• Austria declares war on Prussia in 1866
• Louis Napoleon convinces two leaders
• Ems Dispatch & the rewording
Bismarck’s Plan pays off
• French feel insulted by the Prussians
• France declares war
• William I is Emperor
Similarities
• Before unified, many different states • One powerful Nation that favored unification -Sardinia in Italy, Prussia in Germany• Many secret socities • Successful wars against foreign powers - Sardinia vs Austria , Prussia vs.
France and Austria
Differences
• Germany was more divided than Italy
• Italian unification supported by France somewhat & Great Britain
• German Unification supported by France & Great Britain
Works cited• http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080307092933AAXEHlc• http://www.arcaini.com/ITALY/ItalyHistory/ItalianUnification.htm• http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/history/
italian_unification_risorgimento_map.html• http://purbeckhumanities.co.uk/2010/11/17/german-unification-
timeline/• http://purbeckhumanities.co.uk/2010/11/15/italian-unification-timeline/