GEORGIA HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION TEST
Social Studies
CIVICS / AMERICAN GOVTU.S. History
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Article II of the U.S. Constitution deals with?
Executive Branch
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Government with a King?
Monarchy
GHSGTSystem of government
in which two governments share
power?
Federalist
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Power of Supreme Court to declare laws
unconstitutional?
Judicial Review
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Role of the Legislative Branch?
Makes the law
Checks & Balances
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Federalism
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GHSGTEnglish philosopher that
influenced Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of
independence?
John Locke
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First ten amendments to the United States
Constitution known as?
Bill of Rights
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Role of the Judicial Branch?
Interpret the law
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Article III of the U.S. Constitution deals with?
Judicial Branch
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Supreme Court Case that established Judicial Review?
Marbury v. Madison
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Role of the Executive Branch?
Enforce the law, carry out the law
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Article I of the U.S. Constitution deals with?
Legislative Branch
GHSGTThis settled how each state
would be represented in Legislature at the
Constitutional Convention?
Great Compromise
GHSGTReapportionment is
mandated by the U.S. Constitution to happen this
often?
10yrs / Census
GHSGTPrinciple of the U.S.
Constitutional that makes government officials abide by
the law?
Rule of Law
GHSGTPrinciple of the U.S.
Constitution that restricts both national and state
governments?
Limited Government
GHSGTIndividual that influenced U.S.
Constitution to include principles of separation of powers and Checks and
Balances?
Montesquieu
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The 5th & 14th Amendment both have what protection
for citizens?
Due Process of Law
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Created so no one branch of government could
become stronger than the others?
Checks & Balances
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Supreme Court Justice that served for 34 years and strengthened the federal
government?
John Marshall
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Religion, Assembly, Petition, Press, and
Speech?
1st Amendment
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Constitutional Amendment that gave 18 year olds the
right to vote?
26th Amendment
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Abolished Slavery?
13th Amendment
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Gave African American males suffrage?
15th Amendment
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Provided for the Direct Election of Senators?
17th Amendment
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This is the privacy amendment?
4th Amendment
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Equal protection clause found in this Amendment?
14th Amendment
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First form of government in 1781?
Articles of Confederation
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Father of the Constitution and youngest member at
Constitutional Convention?
James Madison
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First two political parties?
Federalist/ Democratic Republicans
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Leader of Federalist?
Alexander Hamilton
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Leader of Democratic Republicans?
Thomas Jefferson
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Federalist desired which government to be strong?
National
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Democratic Republicans desired which government
to be strong?
State
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This is the solution used to determine how slaves would be counted in
population for Representation purposes ?
3/5ths Compromise
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Document that separated the American Colonies from Great
Britain?
Declaration of Independence
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The Federalist were written to?
Convince states to approve the Constitution
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Concept in the Declaration of Independence that means
citizens of the U.S. have rights given by their Creator?
Natural Rights
GHSGTConcept in the Declaration of
Independence that means governments must protect
citizens life, liberty, and property?
Social Contract Theory
GHSGTThis individual convinced many in the U.S. to want to declare independence against Great
Britain?
Thomas Paine
GHSGTPamphlet written to convince many in the U.S. to want to
declare independence against Great Britain?
Common Sense
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Author of the Declaration of
Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
GHSGTThis group refused to ratify the U.S. Constitution without a Bill
of Rights?
Anti-Federalist
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9 of 13 to pass laws; all 13 to amend; no executive; no
judicial; could not tax?
Weakness of Articles of Confederation
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Reconstruction Amendments
13th, 14th, 15th
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Plessy v. Ferguson established this
Doctrine?
“Separate But Equal”
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Supreme Court case that reversed Plessy v.
Ferguson?
Brown v. Board of Education
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1963 Supreme Court case that expanded the rights of those accused of crimes?
Miranda v. Arizona
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This abolished slavery in the U.S.?
13th Amendment
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This gave African American’s suffrage?
15th Amendment
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Granted Women’s Suffrage?
19th Amendment
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Caused Prohibition?
18th Amendment
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Repealed Prohibition?
21st Amendment
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1973 Supreme Court case that determined women
had a right to an abortion?
Roe v. Wade
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The 17th Amendment, Initiative, Referendum,
Recall are examples of?
Direct democracy
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This group of people benefitted from the 17th
Amendment?
Voters
GHSGTThe 17th Amendment, Initiative, Referendum, Recall are from what
historical era?
Progressive Era
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Reason Bill Clinton impeached?
Perjury (Lying under Oath)
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Bill Clinton was impeached in the?
House of Representatives
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Bill Clinton was acquitted, found not
guilty, in the?
Senate
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The Election of 2000 was significant because it?
Emphasized the role of the Electoral
College
U.S. HISTORY TO 1865U.S. History
GHSGTThis Frenchmen helped
Benjamin Franklin get French assistance during the American
Revolution?
Marquis de Lafayette
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Class warfare in the Colonial Virginia?
Bacon’s Rebellion
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Exposed the Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
Shay’s Rebellion
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Showed Government strong under U.S. Constitution?
Whiskey Rebellion
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Individual Selected to be Commander of Continental Army during Revolution?
George Washington
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Colony that provided religious toleration?
Rhode Island/ Roger Williams
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This Congressional Act left it up to the voters of
territories to determine if their state would be slave or
free?
Kansas-Nebraska Act
GHSGTIn this, King George III warned
American Colonists not to cross the Appalachian Mountains?
Proclamation of 1763
GHSGTEconomic system used by
Great Britain where colonies supplied raw materials and GB
sold colonies manufactured goods?
Mercantilism
GHSGTVoyage where African
Americans come to the United States by force?
Middle Passage
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This was caused by unsettled social and religious conditions
in colonial Massachusetts?
Salem Witch Trials
GHSGTThe Mayflower Compact
created a government deriving power from?
Consent of the Governed
GHSGTThis caused Great Britain to
began taxing colonists which in turn caused the Revolutionary
War?
French & Indian War
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First direct British tax on the colonist to be put on
paper documents?
Stamp Tax
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British tax on tea, glass, and paint?
Townshend Act
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Colonial Strategy to get parliament to repeal
stamp Act & Townshend Acts?
Boycott
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This ended the French & Indian War?
Treaty of Paris 1763
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President of the Confederate States of
America?
Jefferson Davis
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Lewis & Clarke were looking for
Northwest route to the Pacific Ocean
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The Louisiana Purchase did this to the United
States?
Doubled its size
GHSGTPrinciple where people got to determine whether their
state would be slave or free?
Popular Sovereignty
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Primary reason War of 1812 happened?
British refused to leave forts in Ohio
River Valley
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Territorial Expansion in the U.S. west was
caused by this belief?
Manifest Destiny
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The U.S. warned European nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere?
Monroe Doctrine
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The caused the North & South to sectionalize along the 36 30 line of latitude?
Missouri Compromise
GHSGTThis outlawed the slave
trade in Washington DC and allowed California to enter
as a free state?
Compromise of 1850
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Idea that a state can declare void, or refuse to enforce, a
national law if the state considers it
unconstitutional?
Nullification Crisis
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1832 conflict over a Tariff or tax on imported goods
between South Carolina and the U.S. government?
Nullification Crisis
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Primary Conflict in the 1832 Nullification Crisis?
National Rights vs. States Rights
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54- 40 concerns what in U.S. History?
Oregon Territory
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Reason California’s population exploded in
1849?
Gold Rush
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First Women’s rights Convention?
Seneca Falls Convention
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Reformer that organized the Seneca Falls Convention?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
GHSGTTerm that explains when Ordinary citizens got the
chance to vote by removing land ownership requirement?
Jacksonian Democracy
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Civil War began here?
Fort Sumter
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General of the Army of the Potomac that accepted the
South’s surrender?
Ulysses S. Grant
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Civil War General that went on the March to the Sea
from Atlanta to Savannah?
William T. Sherman
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Civil War battle that split the Confederacy in half?
Battle of Vicksburg
U.S. HISTORY SINCE 1865U.S. History
Causes of Great Depression
GHSGT Reduced gov't reg. & low taxes increase
business profits
Prices Rose
Poor lost buying power; wages didn't
increase
Underconsumption
Business Overproduction
Business profits decline/ further unemployment
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FDRs plan to end the effects of the Great
Depression?
New Deal
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RRR – purpose of New Deal programs?
Relief, Recovery, Reform
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A severe economic recession in the 1930s
that affected all the world’ industrialized nations?
Great Depression
GHSGTA serious drought that caused
many farmers to lose their farms during the Great
Depression?
Dustbowl
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Geographic location of the Dustbowl?
Great Plains
GHSGTThis provided government
jobs, flood control, and rural electricity during the New
Deal?
Tennessee Valley Authority
GHSGTReform during FDR’s New Deal
that established collective bargaining rights for workers and prohibited unfair labor
practices.
Wagner Act
GHSGTThis provided old age
insurance for retirees 65 or older, unemployment, aid for the disabled and families with
dependent children?
Social Security Act
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This person had a monopoly on Oil in the
United States?
John D. Rockefeller
GHSGTOctober 1929 the U.S. was beginning to show signs of slowing down; stockholders
panicked and sold their stock causing this?
Stock Market Crash 1929
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Immigrants in urban neighborhoods
benefited from?
Jane Addams
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Era in U.S. history when U.S. government called on
to correct social ills in society?
Progressive Era
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Union Leader of the American Federation of
Labor?
Samuel Gompers
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Muckraker who wrote The Jungle?
Upton Sinclair
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The Jungle influenced Congress to pass what
law?
Meat Inspection Act
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Laws in the United States that separated the races in public & private facilities?
Jim Crow Laws
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Laws passed after Reconstruction to keep African Americans from having social equality?
Black Codes
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Group that used intimidation, violence, and
Murder to keep blacks from voting?
KKK
GHSGTThis person created Electric Power stations that helped
average citizens by replacing manual labor with Electric
energy in homes?
Thomas Edison
GHSGTEdison invention that
allowed people to work in factories at night?
Light Bulb
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This person invented the Cotton Gin and
Interchangeable parts?
Eli Whitney
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Artistic and Music movement that celebrated African
American culture?
Harlem Renaissance
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This person made automobiles cheap and
affordable by mass producing them in an
assembly line?
Henry Ford
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This addition to the Monroe Doctrine by President
Theodore Roosevelt was called?
Roosevelt Corollary
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The Roosevelt Corollary caused the U.S. to
become?
More involved in Latin America
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The United States attempted to help Cuba win
its independence from Spain in this war?
Spanish American
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This shortened the distance from New York to California
by Sea travel; improved trade and national defense?
Panama Canal
GHSGTThis helped President
Johnson push through the Civil Rights Act in 1964?
Assassination of JFK
GHSGTEdison inventions
replaced human labor with?
Electricity
GHSGTGeographic Location of
the Dust Bowl?
Plains
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Sputnik I was a?
Satellite
GHSGTThe Launch of Sputnik I made the U.S. realize?
Soviet Union was leading in
technology
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1968 incident that caused people to oppose the
Vietnam War?
Tet Offensive
GHSGTThis 1973 Scandal during Nixon’s presidency that caused people to distrust
the government?
Watergate
GHSGTThis speech, made in Washington D.C. urged equality of the races and influenced passage of the
Civil Rights Act?
“I have a dream” speech
GHSGTGroup of people Martin Luther
King, Jr. was writing to defending the use of Civil
Disobedience?
White Ministers
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Cell phone & Personal computer caused this in the
United States?
Communications Revolution
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This Caused the growth of international
business?
Computers
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The Kennedy / Nixon debate of 1960 was impacted by this?
Television
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This ended Jim Crow and discrimination in public
accommodations like hotels & busses?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
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This President integrated the U.S. government & U.S.
Military by Executive Order?
Harry Truman
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This ended discrimination in housing and was passed
after MLK, Jr’s Assassination?
Civil Rights Act of 1968
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This made it illegal for states to use grandfather
clause and literacy tests to keep blacks from voting?
Voting Rights Act of 1965
GHSGTMovement during WWI when
African Americans moved North to take jobs?
Great Migration
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Symbol representing Women working in
factories during WWII?
Rosie the Riveter
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Dramatic Increase in births after WWII?
Baby Boom
GHSGTSoldiers coming back
home after WWII and the Baby Boom caused these to be built?
Levittowns
GHSGTIn the 1950s Congress authorized a system of highways be built in this
Act?Interstate Highway
Act
GHSGTThe Interstate Highway
Act & Levittowns resulted in this?
Expansion of the Suburbs
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This person come to power, as a result of fear brought
about by the fall of China and Korea to communism?
Senator Joseph McCarthy
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Paranoia that the U.S. government had been
infiltrated by Communist spies during the Red Scare?
McCarthyism
GHSGT13 day standoff when the U.S.
and Russian come close to having a nuclear war under John
F. Kennedy’s Presidency?
Cuban Missile Crisis
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First African American to integrate professional
sports?
Jackie Robinson
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Geographic location where the Civil Rights
movement began?
Atlanta, GA
GHSGTThe main goal of this
organization was equal pay and equal rights for women?
National Organization of Women (NOW)
GHSGTThis was the Mexican-
American leader of the United Farm Workers (UFW) Union?
Cesar Chavez
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Rachel Carson was the author of this book?
Silent Spring
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Silent Spring led the environment movement by
opposing use of this in farming?
Chemicals/Pesticides
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Silent Spring led the environment movement by
opposing use of this particular insecticide?
DDT
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April 22 intended to inspire awareness and appreciation for
the earth’s environment?
Earth Day
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Federal Agency with the purpose of enforcing laws
aimed at maintaining a safe and clean environment?
Environmental Protection Agency
WORLD HISTORYU.S. History
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Treaty that ended WWI?
Treaty of Versailles
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Year U.S. entered WWI?
1917
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Why U.S. entered WWI?
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
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Woodrow Wilson’s plan to end all world wars in
1918?
Fourteen Points
GHSGTReason U.S. senators did
not approve Treaty of Versailles after WWI?
Opposed Wilson’s League of Nations
GHSGTInternational
peacekeeping organization proposed by
Woodrow Wilson?
League of Nations
GHSGTReason U.S. senators did opposed Wilson’s League
of Nations?
Isolationism/ didn’t want to get in European
business
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Surprise Attack by the Japanese on Dec. 7, 1941
that caused the U.S. to enter WWII?
Pearl Harbor
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This U.S. action caused Japan to attack pearl
harbor?
U.S. embargo on petroleum to Japan
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Year U.S. entered WWII?
1941, Because of Pearl Harbor
GHSGTPurpose of FDR’s Executive
Order 9066 after the bombing of Pearl Harbor?
Japanese Internment Camps
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Great Britain, France, and the United States During World War II were known
as?
Allied Powers
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Allied invasion of Normandy in France during WWII to
push Nazi Germany troops out of France?
D-Day
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Geographic Location of Pearl Harbor
Pacific
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Reason Harry Truman made the decision to drop the
Atomic Bombs on Japan?
Save American Lives
GHSGTTensions between the Soviet Union and the United States caused by differences in the ideologies of Communism & Capitalism from 1945-1989?
Cold War
GHSGTAn alliance made by Capitalist Nations in the Atlantic (Great
Britain, France, U.S.) to oppose the Spread of
Communism during the Cold War?
NATO
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NATO stands for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
GHSGTThis was the U.S’s policy
to stop the spread of Communism during the
Cold War?
Containment
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The idea that if one country fell to communism those beside it
would soon fall too?
Domino Theory
GHSGTThis was the U.S. Plan to provide money to rebuild countries in Europe after
WWII?
Marshall Plan
GHSGT1947 presidential plan that
committed the U.S. to fighting Communism
throughout the world?
Truman Doctrine
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Closest U.S. came to nuclear war with the Soviet Union during the Cold War?
Cuban Missile Crisis
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President during the Bay of Pigs Incident?
John F. Kennedy
GHSGTGroup of Countries that
control the world’s supply of Oil and manipulates prices to
oil importing nations?
OPEC
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OPEC stands for?
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries
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U.S. Financial plan to rebuild Europe after WWII to combat
communism?
Marshall Plan
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Economic alliance between Canada, Mexico, and the
United States to limit trade restrictions?
NAFTA
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NAFTA stands for?
North American Free Trade Agreement
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The building of large armies and navies, glorification of military and expansion, a cause of WWI and WWII?
Militarism
GHSGTPeriod in World History where
a rebirth of learning and important social changes occurred emphasizing the
importance of the Individual?
Renaissance
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Era in World history when Catholic Church challenged and split into Catholic and
Protestant religions because of efforts to change the Catholic
church?
Reformation
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Invented the printing press to make books faster and
cheaper?
Johann Gutenberg
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Effects of the Printing press?
Spreading of ideas and a more literate
society
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The idea that the sun is the center of the Universe and
the planets revolve around the sun?
Heliocentric Theory
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Used a telescope and math to publish the heliocentric
theory?
Galileo
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Galileo furthered the work of this scientist on the Heliocentric theory?
Copernicus
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Come up with the idea that the sun was at the center of the
Universe?
Copernicus
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Early explorer that laid land claims for Great Britain in the 1500s which set the stage for
later colonization?
John Cabot
GHSGTPreached people gain
salvation through faith, bible more important than priests,
leader of protestant revolution?
Martin Luther
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Separated England from the Catholic Church and created
protestant religion because he wanted a male heir?
King Henry VIII
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Movement where thinkers applied the principle of human reason and thought to solve
problems ?
Enlightenment
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Germany, Italy, and the Japan during World War II
were known as?
Axis Powers