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FIRST AID 101
Vernon Serafico, M.D.Diplomate, Philippine College of Physicians
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Objectives
Define first aid
Know your tools
Discuss how to give first aid Discuss anticipatory guidance
Discuss basic life support
Be able to identify a life threateningsituation
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Definition
Simple emergency medical careprocedures performed by lay rescuersbefore medical professionals are
available May refer to emergency medical
providers, such as ambulance andother first responders
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Responsibilities
Assess the situation quickly andsafely and summon appropriatehelp
Protect casualties and others at thescene from possible danger
To identify, as far as possible, thenature of illness or injury affectingcasualty.
To give each casualty early andappropriate treatment, treating the
most serious condition first.
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Responsibilities
To arrange for the casualtys removalto hospital or into the care of adoctor.
To remain with a casualty untilappropriate care is available.
To report your observations to those
taking care of the casualty, and togive further assistance if required.
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PRIORITY OF CASUALTIES
Save the conscious casualties before theunconscious ones as they have a higherchance of recovery.
Save the young before the old. Do not jeopardize your own life while rendering
First Aid. In the event of immediate danger,get out of site immediately.
Remember: One of your aims is to preservelife, and not endanger your own in theprocess of rendering First Aid.
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Types of First Aid
Emergencies
Minor injuries
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Emergencies
Life threatening Anaphylactic shock insect bites,
food/drug allergies
Choking foreign body ingestion Electrical burn Major injuries
Active bleeding
Stabbing Cardiac Arrest heart attack Stroke brain attack
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Minor Injuries
Small cuts
Bruises/Bumps
Superficial thermal burns Sprains/Strains
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Common injuries in school:
Food-borne illnesses from school-provided food.
Slip-and-fall accidents. Injuries from defective classroom
equipment, such as desks orchairs.
Asbestos (or other toxins)exposure.
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Common injuries in school:
Injuries from heavy lifting.
Any form of assault or abuse.
Injuries from sports activities. Infections from unsanitary
conditions.
Improper treatment by schoolmedical staff (such as incorrectdistribution of prescriptionmedicine)
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Contents of a First Aid Kit
adhesive bandages
sterile gauze/pads
thermometer
scissors
irrigation syringe
personal protective device
penlight/flashlight
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Contents of a First Aid Kit
regular strength pain medication
oral rehydration salts
antidiarrheal meds
anti-itch ointment
antibacterial cream/ointment
low grade disinfectant
antihistamines
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Treatment
Anaphylaxis bring to nearest E.R.
Bleeding wounds Control the bleeding (apply direct
pressure)
Wounds, small bruises, cuts clean with soap and water
disinfect with betadine apply a sterile gauze
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Treatment
Burns
Stop the burning process
Pain relief
Antibacterial cream
Choking
Heimlich maneuver
Coughing
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Treatment
Cramps
Stretch the muscles and apply coldcompress
Fractures
Immobilize with a use of splints
Joint Dislocation
treat like fracture when in doubt
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Treatment
Heart attack
Check medications
Bring to E.R.
Heat stroke/Heat Syncope/Hyperthermia
Eliminate heat source, hydration
Hypothermia
Warm blankets
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Treatment
Hypo/Hyperglycemia
Correction of sugar
Poisoning
Call poison center 524-1078
Bring to E.R.
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Treatment
Seizures
Prevent further injury
Stroke
Bring to E.R.
Toothache
Analgesics
Call parents/guardian
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Treatment
Sprains/Strains
Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate
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Treatment
Bites (animal or human)
Clean with soap and water
Wound dressing / Suturing
Vaccination
Insect bites/stings
Anti-inflammatory ointments
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Anticipatory Guidance
Avoid falls chairs, tables, stairs
Poisoning erasers, crayons, mercury
Pedestrian safety
Car safety
Play throw, catch
Fires/Burns electrical devices
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Basic Life Support
A level of medical care provided byprehospital emergency medicalservices
consists of essential non-invasive life-saving procedures, such as CPR,bleeding control, splinting broken
bones, artificial ventilation, andbasic airway management
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Basic Life Support
Basic life support level providers
emergency medical technicians
certified first responders
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Basic Life Support
Compression
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
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Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Open airway
Check breathing
Call Hospital/ER30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
Basic Life Support
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Pediatric basic life support
simplification based on the knowledge thatmany children receive no resuscitation at
all because rescuers fear doing harm.
Age:
- infant is a child under 1 year of age; - child - between 1 year and puberty.
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30
30
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Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Open airway
head tiltand chin lift,
C
amp
be
ll
Basic Life Support
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Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Open airway
Check breathing
Look, listen and feel for NORMAL breath
Basic Life Support
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IF V IC TIM S TA R TS TO B R E AT H E
N O R M A LLY P LA C E IN R E C O V E R Y
P O S IT IO N
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STEP 1: Kneel next to theperson. Place the arm
closest to you straight outfrom the body. Position thefar arm with the back of thehand against the near cheek.
STEP 2: Grab and bend the
persons far knee.
http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/firstaid/recovery.shtml
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STEP 3: Protecting thehead with one hand, gently
roll the person toward youby pulling the far knee overand to the ground.
STEP 4: Tilt the head up slightlyso that the airway is open. Makesure that the hand is under the
cheek. Place a blanket or coatover the person (unless he/shehas a heat illness or fever) andstay close until help arrives.
http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/firstaid/recovery.shtml
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RECOVERY POSITION
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RECOVERY POSITION
For people who are unconscious, orsemiconscious, but are stillbreathing.
If there are spinal or neck injuries, donot attempt to place the casualty inthe recovery position.
NOTE: Leaving the victim in thisposition for long periods may causethem to experience nervecompression.
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Thank you!
ANGDR. SERAFICOMEDICALCLINIC147-B Roosevelt Avenue, Barangay Paraiso,
San Francisco Del Monte, Quezon City
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Sources
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/firstaid/
UST Handbook of Medical Emergencies google
http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/firstaid/recoveryhttp://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/firstaid/recovery