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What is network?
A network is the interconnection of computers for the sharing of information and resources.
Network Topology
Refers to the arrangement or physical layout of computers, cables, and other components on
the network.
Standard Topologies
Bus: A bus topology consists of devices connected to a common, shared cable.
Star: Connecting computers to cable segments that branch out from a single point, or hub, is referred to
as setting up a star topology.
Ring: Connecting computers to a cable that forms a loop is referred to as setting up a ring topology.
Mesh: A mesh topology connects all computers in a network to each other with separate cables
Classification of Devices
1. Enduser devicessuch as computers, printers, scanners, and other devices that provideservices directly to the users.
2. Network device
includes all devices that connect the end-user devices together to allow them tocommunicate.
3 A NIC is a printed circuit board that fits into the expansion slot of a bus on a computermotherboard. NIC are sometimes called Network Adapter
Network Devices
Modem Router Workstation Hub RJ-45 RJ-45 Boot UTP Outlet Patch Panel UTP Cable
Types of Network
LAN - Local Area Network
LANconnects network devices over a relatively short distance.
WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
Wireless LANs, or WLANs, use radio frequency (RF) technology to
transmit and receive data over the air. This minimizes the need for wired
connections.WAN - Wide Area Network
As the term implies, a WANspans a large physical distanceMAN - Metropolitan Area Network
a network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a
WAN, such as a city.
GANGlobal Area Network
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LOCAL AREA NETWORK
LAN are designed to:
Operate in limited geographical area Controls network privately under local administrator Provide full time connectivity to local services
LAN consists of the following components:
Workstation Network Interfaces Cards Modem Router Switch Hub Networking Media
Networking Media
Coaxial Cable Shielded Twisted Pair Unshielded Twisted Pair Wireless
Communication Wiring Color Codes Cat 5 Network
1. 568 A 2. 568 B
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586 B
Pin Color Pair Descrtipion
1 white/orange 2 TxData +
2 orange 2 TxData -
3 white/green 3 RecvData +
4 blue 1 Unused
5 white/blue 1 Unused
6 green 3 RecvData -
7 white/brown 4 Unused
8 brown 4 Unused
568A
Pin Color Pair Description
1 white/green 3 RecvData +
2 green 3 RecvData -
3 white/orange 2 TxData +
4 blue 1 Unused
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5 white/blue 1 Unused
6 orange 2 TxData -
7 white/brown 4 Unused
8 brown 4 Unused
Twisted Pair Cable can be configured to straightthrough, and crossover
A. Straight-through cable is used to connect similar devices such as a switch and a PCHubPc
HubHubRouter - Pc
B. Crossover Cable is used to connect unlike devices such as two switchesHubHubPcPc
Terms and Definition
Routeris a computer or host that is dedicated and assigned to handle the route of data. It serves as a
traffic aide for different networks. They help direct data to its destination.
HubAs the central device in a star network. They are probably the most common piece of network
hardware after network interfaces card. It is possible to extend a network using multiple hubs.
ISPinternet Service Provider
Gatewayrefers to a special purpose device that perform an application layer conversion of
information from one protocol stack to another.
LANLocal Area Network
ModemModulator/Demodulator device use to access internet via telephone lines by converting
analog signal to digital data and back if sending data to the internet.
NICNetwork Interface Card
Pingis a basic program that verifies a particular IP addresses exist and can accept requests.
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RJStandard connection originally used to connect telephone lines. And other types of network
connections. RJ11, RJ12, and RJ45 are popular types of RJ connectors.
TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It is a set of protocol or rules that have been
developed to allow computers to share resources across a network
WSWorkstation. Refers to a personal computer
IP Addressa 32 bit address assigned to hosts that use TCP/IP.