Fig. 17-CO, p. 473
Fig. 17-1, p. 475
Fig. 17-2, p. 476
Fig. 17-2, p. 476
250History Projections
Oil200 Coal
Natural GasRenewablesNuclear
150
100
Qu
adri
llio
n B
tu
50
01970 1980 1900 2001 2010 2025
Year
Fig. 17-3a, p. 476
Fig. 17-3a, p. 476
Salt
Fig. 17-3b, p. 476
Fig. 17-3b, p. 476
Well
Seafloor
Seal
Gas
Reservoir rock containing oil and dissolved gas
Fig. 17-4a, p. 477
Fig. 17-4b, p. 477
Fig. 17-5, p. 478
Fig. 17-6, p. 479
Fig. 17-7, p. 479
Fig. 17-8, p. 481
Fig. 17-9, p. 482
Fig. 17-10a, p. 483
Fig. 17-10b, p. 483
Fig. 17-10b, p. 483
Power modules
“Pelamis” wave energy converter
The Pelamis machine, 492 feet long with an 11.5-foot diameter, is composed of three power conversion modules connected by weighted tubes.
How it works Heave Side view
Power module
Hydraulic ram
The motion caused by a wave swell is resisted
by hydraulic rams
Heaving and swaying Sway
Top view
Hydraulic ram
Power module
Power conversion module
Sway Heave
Joints on the opposite side of the power module allow for a perpendicular sway motion
Hydraulic rams
MotorGen-erator
Collection chamber
Hydraulic rams pump high-pressure fluid into chambers that feed the fluid to a motor. The motor drives a generator to create electricity.
Converting the Motion
Fig. 17-11, p. 484
Fig. 17-12a, p. 485
Fig. 17-12a, p. 485
Heat exchanger (ammonia evaporator)
Warm, shallow seawater
Pressurized ammonia vapor
Pump Turbine generator
Electric powerLiquid ammonia
Heat exchanger (ammonia condenser)
Cold, deep seawater
Pressurized ammonia vapor
Liquid ammonia
Electric power
Fig. 17-12a, p. 485
Pump Turbine generator
Heat exchanger (ammonia condenser)
Stepped Art
Heat exchanger (ammonia evaporator)
Warm, shallow seawater
Cold, deep seawater
Fig. 17-12b, p. 485
Fig. 17-13a, p. 486
Fig. 17-13a, p. 486
Arctic OceanRussia
North AmericaAsia Northwest Pacific North
Pacific Ocean
United States
EuropeAsia
Northeast Atlantic
Russia
China North Atlantic Ocean Africa
Japan
Western Central Pacific Peru Indian
OceanFishing area boundarySoutheast
PacificAustralia South Pacific Ocean
South America
South Atlantic Ocean
Antarctica
Top five harvesters, 2004 (Live catch of fishes, crustaceans, and mollusks, in millions of metric tons)
Top fishing areas, 2004 (live catch, in millions of metric tons)
21.616.9
15.5
9.6 11.0 10.05.0 4.9 4.8
China
Peru
United States
Chile
Indonesia
Northwest Pacific
Western Central Pacific
Northeast Atlantic
Southeast Pacific
Fig. 17-13b, p. 486
Fig. 17-13b, p. 486
140
120 China
100
80
60
Mil
lio
n m
etri
c to
ns
40
20
0
Year
World excluding China
5450 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 02
b
Table 17-1, p. 486
Fig. 17-14, p. 487
Fig. 17-15, p. 487
Fig. 17-16, p. 487
Fig. 17-17a, p. 488
Fig. 17-17a, p. 488
Mid-water trawl net
a
Fig. 17-17b, p. 488
Fig. 17-18, p. 488
Fig. 17-18, p. 488
20 44.1A
verage p
er capita catch
(lb)
15 33.075
10 22.05
5 11.025
Ave
rag
e p
er c
apit
a ca
tch
(kg
)
0 0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Fig. 17-19, p. 489
Fig. 17-19a, p. 489
Tons of fish per km2
10+
8–9
6–7
4–5
3–4
0–2
1900
Fig. 17-19b, p. 489
Tons of fish per km2
10+
8–9
6–7
4–5
3–4
0–2
1950
Fig. 17-19c, p. 489
Tons of fish per km2
10+
8–9
6–7
4–5
3–4
0–2
1999
Fig. 17-20, p. 490
Fig. 17-21, p. 490
Fig. 17-22, p. 491
Fig. 17-23, p. 491
Fig. 17-24, p. 491
Fig. 17-25, p. 492
Fig. 17-25, p. 492
30
25
20 Fin whale
Sperm whale15
Th
ou
san
ds
of
wh
ales
cau
gh
t
Sei whale10
Blue whale5 Humpback
whale
01945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
Year
Fig. 17-26, p. 493
Fig. 17-27, p. 494
Fig. 17-28, p. 495
Fig. 17-29, p. 495
Fig. 17-30, p. 496
Fig. 17-31, p. 497
Fig. 17-32, p. 497
Box 17-1a, p. 498
Box 17-1b, p. 499
Box 17-1c, p. 499
Box 17-1d, p. 499
Fig. 17-33, p. 501
Fig. 17-34, p. 502
Fig. 17-34a, p. 502
Fig. 17-34b, p. 502
Fig. 17-34c, p. 502
Fig. 17-34d, p. 502