Ferrule technologiesDiamond Active Core Alignment
Outline
Interconnection principles
Ferrules types
DIAMOND Ferrule technologies
Active Core Alignment
Specialty ferrules
2 DIAMOND SA 01.04.2019
DIAMOND SA 01.04.20193
Fiber interconnection principle
Two disaligned cylinders in space and one split sleeve
Once connected, the two cylinders are guided by the sleeve to become
colinear.
Problem: How to do this with sub-micron accuracy on millions of parts
over > 20 years
DIAMOND SA 01.04.20194
Ferrules Types
Stainless steel
Tungsten Carbide with nickel silver insert
Ceramic - nickel silver grooved insert
Full Ceramic IEC 61755-3-1, -2
Ceramic – nickel silver plain insert IEC 61755-3-5, -6
Ceramic – Titanium reduced head insert IEC 61755-3-7, -8
Speciality:
Stainless steel
Stainless steel with titanium insert
Kovar with titanium insert
WC with Titanium insert
WC with copper insert
DIAMOND SA 01.04.20195
Connection losses
Intrinsic
Fiber type
Extrinsic
End face
Connection
Different core diameter
Different numerical aperture
Different index profile
Lateral offset
Angular misalignment
End distance
End angle
Reflection losses
Surface quality
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mode field diameter, MFD [mm]
Insertion Loss : Optical interface IEC 61755-2-x
D. Markuse IL calculation l Wavelength
n0 Core index of refraction
w1 MFR of emitting fiber
w2 MFR of receiving fiber
d lateral offset
q Angle misalignment
q
ww
ww
l
wwww
ww 2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
02
2
1
2
2
2
22
1
2
2
2
12 sin22
exp2
log10nd
IL
d
q
21 2KdKIL 22Lateral offset (K1) grows more
important with smaller wavelength
Angle offset (K2) remains quasi
constant with wavelength
Plain ferrule (ceramic, stainless)
Monobloc ceramic ferrule
Tuning
Geometrical parameters are process dependent.
Clearance
Hole center
Reference surface
Center of the reference
surface
Fiber geometric
center
Fiber core
Fiber
Model of inaccuracies in mono-block ferrules
50
°50
°
Composite Ferrule (Ti-ZrO2, NS-ZrO2, Ti-SS, NS-WC, Ti-WC)
Polishing
radius
8°
(+/- .5°)
Fiber
Ferrule Insert
Ferrule
Ceramic
Adhesive
Composite Titanium ferrule
Active Core Alignment
Geometrical parameters are controlled and measured
Active Core Alignment
DIAMOND’s Multi-component ferrule with
metal insert
Active Core Alignment
Geometrical parameters under control.
Video
Active Core Alignment - Video
Attenuation models
Area of Active Core Aligned 0.1 dB connectors
Area for Active Core Aligned 0.5 dB connectors
Area of Monobloc 0.1 dB connectors
Area of Monobloc 0.5 dB connectors
Measured monobloc sample plugs (various
supplier)
geometrical criteria performance
Guaranteed compatibility if IEC
standards follows
Attenuation as a function of w [°] & c [um]
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Concentricity c [um]
Til
t A
ng
le w
[°]
0.1 dB
0.2 dB
0.3 dB
0.4 dB
0.5 dB
0.6 dB
0.7 dB
0.8 dB 0.9 dB 1 dB
LOW TILT ANGLE
LOW ECCENTRICITY
LOW ATTENUATION
Eccentricity [mm]
DIAMOND SA 01.04.201912
Specialty Ferrules
Specialty ferrules:
Any size hole from 80um to 800um
Multi-fiber hole ferrule (drilled)
Custom pattern (slit, flower, ..)
Kovar sleeve (for laser welding, low CTE), can be gold coated
Stainless steel ferrule or sleeve (material compatibility)
Tungsten Carbide sleeve (large heat transfer)
Low dimensional tolerance
High wear resistance
Ultrapolish