*female genital organs are classified into: 1- External Genitalia 2- Internal Genitalia
*External Genitalia: include: 1-Labia Majora 2-Labia Minora 3-Clitoris*Internal Genitalia: include: 1- Vagina 2- Uterus 3- Fallopian Tubes 4- Ovaries
*External Genitalia:1-Labia Majora: Located on either side of the
vaginal opening , extending from the Mons pubis to the perineum
They are two folds of skin contain: skin-subcutaneous tissue , sebaceous glands , sweat glands and hair follicles
2-Labia MinoraTwo thin folds of tissue located within
the folds of the labia majoraThey extend from the clitoris downward
toward the perineumThey contain skin - sebaceous glands-sweat
glands and no hair follicles
3-Clitoris: small, elongated organ composed of erectile
tissue , nerves and blood vessels
*Internal Genitalia:1. Vagina
*Location and description:The vagina is a muscular tube that extends
upward and backward from the vulva to the uterus
It measures about: 8-10cm in length and 2cm in thickness and lined by stratified squamous epithelium.
PH : acidic due to action of on glycogen and becomes slightly alkaline in menses , pregnancy , before and after reproductive period.
Blood supply:-vaginal artery: branch of IIA-vaginal branch of the uterine artery
- vaginal plexus drains into IIV*Supports of the vagina:-Upper part: by pelvic fascia to levator ani
muscles –transverse cervical-pubocervical and sacrocervical ligaments.
-middle: by urogenital diaphragm.-lower: by perineal body posteriorly.
Relations:-Ant_: bladder above &urethra below-Post_:the rectum ’ rectouterine pooch & perineal body.-Lat_: upper part is related to levators ani &uterine artery
#N.e: Fornix: is a cavity of
the vagina by the sides of the cervix (one ant., one post, and 2 laterals.)
*Papanicolaou found that vaginal smears may contain cells which indicate early onset of Ca Cx.
*UterusIt is a hollow ‘ pear-shaped
organ with thick muscular wall in which the embryo and fetus normally develop & grow.
*The wall of the uterus has 3 layers:
1-Endometrium 2-Myometrium 3-Perimetrium
*In young nulliparous it measures: 7.5cm---length 5cm---wide 2.5---thick
But in general Its size differ according to the age
The uterus is divided into:1-fundus2-body3-cervix
1-The fundus: lies above the entrance of uterine tubes
2-The body: lies below the entrance of uterine tubes and above the Cx.
3-The cervix: from the internal os to external os ‘ it has uterine & vaginal parts
The lower segment of the uterus characterized:
1-anatomically: it is loosely attached to peritoneum
2-physiologically: it is retractile & not contractile
3-It is 6cm above the internal os
*Blood supply:-Uterine artery: from internal iliac artery ‘
it has : 1-Ascending branch: which
anastomoses with ovarian artery to supply the body&ovary.
2-Descending branch: to supply the Cx
Relations:*-ant: separated from U.bladder by uterovesical
pouch.*-Post: separated from the rectum by rectouterine
pouch.*-Lat: broad ligament and uterine artery&vein
*Fallopian tubes: They consist of 4 parts: 1-interstitial (intramural) 2-isthmus 3-ampulla 4-infundibulum
*Ovaries:They are intra peritoneum ‘ almond-shaped
organs producing oocytes and hormones and about:3×2×1cm in size ‘ Postmenopausal size is smaller.
*Blood supply: -arteries: by ovarian arteries from the abd-
aorta at level of L1 -veins: Rt----IVC Lt----Lt renal vein