AWWA Standard
SM
®
Steel Water Pipe, 6 In.
(150 mm) and Larger
Efective date: August 1 , 201 7.First edi tion approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 26, 1 975.This edi tion approved Jan. 1 4, 201 7Approved by American National Standards Insti tute Feb. 23, 201 7.
ANSI/AWWA C200-17(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C200-12)
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. Al l Rights Reserved.
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AWWA Standard
This document i s an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. I t i s not a specifcation. AWWA standards
describe min imum requirements and do not conta in a l l of the engineering and administrative information normal l y
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standard . Unti l each optiona l feature is specifed by the user, the product or service i s not ful l y defned. AWWA pub -
l i cation of a standard does not consti tute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certi fy,
or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. Th is standard does not supersede or take
precedence over or d isplace any appl icable law, regu lation , or code of any governmenta l authori ty. AWWA standards
are intended to represent a consensus of the water industry that the product described wi l l provide satis factory ser-
vice. When AWWA revises or wi thdraws th is standard , an ofcia l notice of action wi l l be placed on the frst page of the
Ofcia l Notice section of J ournal – American Water Works Association . The action becomes efective on the frst day of
the month fol lowing the month of J ourna l – American Water Works Association publ ication of the ofcia l notice.
American National Standard
An American National Standard impl ies a consensus of those substantia l l y concerned wi th i ts scope and provisions.
An American National Standard is intended as a gu ide to a id the manu facturer, the consumer, and the genera l publ ic.
The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has
approved the standard or not, from manu facturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or proce -
dures not con forming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to period ic review, and users are cau -
tioned to obta in the la test ed i tions. Producers of goods made in con formity wi th an American National Standard are
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I SBN -1 3, print: 978-1 -58321 -906-5 eISBN -1 3, electronic: 978-1 -61 300-201 -8
DOI : http: //dx.doi .org/1 0.1 2999/AWWA.C200.1 7
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Copyright © 201 7 by American Water Works Association
Printed in USA
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Committee Personnel
Te Steel Water Pipe Manufacturer’s Technical Advisory Committee (SWPMTAC) Task Group
on AWWA C200, which reviewed and revised this standard, had the following personnel at the
time:
Brent Keil, Chair
John Luka, Vice-Chair
S.A. Arnaout, Forterra Pressure Pipe Inc., Grand Prairie, Texas (AWWA)
H.H. Bardakjian, Manufacturing Consultant, Glendale, Calif. (AWWA)
R.J. Card, Manufacturing Consultant, Sugar Hill, Ga. (AWWA)
K. Couture, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C. (AWWA)
G.A. Davidenko, Northwest Pipe Company, Saginaw, Texas (AWWA)
D. Dechant, Consultant, Aurora, Colo. (AWWA)
V. DeGrande, Ameron International, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. (AWWA)
B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Draper, Utah (AWWA)
J.L. Luka, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C. (AWWA)
R.D. Mielke, Northwest Pipe Company, Raleigh, N.C. (AWWA)
J. Olmos, Ameron International, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. (AWWA)
R.N. Satyarthi, Baker Coupling Company Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA)
C. Shelley, Victaulic, Atlanta, Ga. (AWWA)
B.P. Simpson, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C. (AWWA)
N. Williams, National Welding Corporation, Midvale, Utah (AWWA)
Te AWWA Standards Committee on Steel Pipe, which reviewed and approved this standard, had
the following personnel at the time of approval:
John H. Bambei Jr., Chair
Dennis Dechant, Vice-Chair
John L. Luka, Secretary
General Interest Members
J.H. Bambei Jr., Bambei Engineering Services, Arvada, Colo. (AWWA)
W.R. Brunzell, Brunzell Associates Ltd., Skokie, Ill. (AWWA)
R.J. Card, Lockwood Andrews & Newnam, Sugar Hill, Ga. (AWWA)
R.L. Cofey, HDR Engineering Inc., Omaha, Neb. (AWWA)
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S.N. Foellmi, Black & Veatch Corporation, Irvine, Calif. (AWWA)
R.L Gibson, Freese and Nichols Inc., Fort Worth, Texas (AWWA)
M.D. Gossett,* HDR, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
M.B. Horsley,* Horsley Engineering LLC, Overland Park, Kan. (AWWA)
R. Issa,* AECOM, McKinney, Texas (AWWA)
R.A. Kufaas, Norske Corrosion & Inspection Services Ltd., Surrey, B.C., Canada (AWWA)
J.L. Mattson, Corrosion Control Technologies, Sandy, Utah (AWWA)
R. Ortega,* Consultant, Spring, Texas (AWWA)
E.S. Ralph,† Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
A.E. Romer, AECOM, Orange, Calif. (AWWA)
J.R. Snow, MWH Americas Inc., Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
W.R. Whidden, Woolpert, Winter Park, Fla. (AWWA)
Producer Members
D.W. Angell,† Standards Council Liaison, American Flow Control,
Birmingham, Ala. (AWWA)
S.A. Arnaout, Forterra Pressure Pipe, Grand Prairie, Texas (AWWA)
H.H. Bardakjian, Consultant, Glendale, Calif. (AWWA)
D. Dechant, Dechant Infrastructure Service, Aurora, Colo. (AWWA)
V. DeGrande,* Ameron International, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. (AWWA)
W.B. Geyer, Steel Plate Fabricators Association, Lake Zurich, Ill. (SPFA)
B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Draper, Utah (AWWA)
J.L. Luka, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C. (AWWA)
R. Mielke,* Northwest Pipe Company, Raleigh, N.C. (AWWA)
J. Olmos, Ameron International, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. (AWWA)
G.F. Ruchti,* Consultant, Punta Gorda, Fla. (AWWA)
B.P. Simpson,* American Cast Iron Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala. (AWWA)
C.C. Sundberg, Victaulic, Issaquah, Wash. (AWWA)
D. Walker, Avid Protective Products LTD/Tnemec Company, Oakville, Ont., Canada (AWWA)
J.A. Wise, Canus International Sales Inc., Surrey, B.C., Canada (AWWA)
* Alternate
† Liaison, non-voting
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User Members
L. Adams, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
G.A. Andersen, New York City Bureau of Water Supply, Little Neck, N.Y. (AWWA)
B. Cheng, Metro Vancouver, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (AWWA)
M.E. Conner, San Diego County Water Authority, San Diego, Calif. (AWWA)
S. Hattan, Tarrant Regional Water District, Fort Worth, Texas (AWWA)
T.J. Jordan,* Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Verne, Calif. (AWWA)
P.K. Karna, Tacoma Water, Tacoma, Wash. (AWWA)
M. McReynolds,* Metropolitan Water District of Southern California,
Oak Park, Calif. (AWWA)
K.R. Parbhoo, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA)
M. Turney,* Denver Water, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
* Alternate
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Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
Foreword
I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
I.A Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
I.B History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
I.C Acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
II Special Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
II.A Advisory Information on Product
Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
II.B Chlorine and Chloramine
Degradation of Elastomers . . . . . . . . xii
III Use of Tis Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
III.A Purchaser Options and
Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
III.B Modifcation to Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
IV Major Revisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
V Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
Standard
1 General
1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Defnitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 Requirements
4.1 Permeation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3 Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.4 Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.5 Selection of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.6 Requirements for Welding
Qualifcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.7 Fabrication of Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.8 Production Weld Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.9 Permissible Variations in
Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.10 Ancillary Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.11 Preparation of Ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.12 Protective Coatings and Linings . . . . . . 24
4.13 Special Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.14 Fabrication of Special Sections . . . . . . . . 25
5 Verifcation
5.1 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2 Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.3 Calibration of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.4 Test Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6 Delivery
6.1 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.2 Handling and Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.3 Afdavit of Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figures
1 Charpy Test Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2 Repair Method by Ofset Value and
Wall Tickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3 Bridge Cam Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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4 Reduced-Section Tension Test
Specimen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5 Guided-Bend Test Specimen . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6 Jig for Guided-Bend Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7 Alternative Guided-Bend
Wraparound Jig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8 Alternative Guided-Bend Roller
Jig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Tables
1 Steel Plate, Sheet, or Coils for
Fabricated Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2 Repair Requirements Based On
Ofset Value and Wall
Tickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3 Guided-Bend Test Jig
Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
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ix
Foreword
Tis foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA C200.
I. Introduction.
I.A. Background. Tis standard covers butt-joint welded straight-seam or
spiral-seam steel pipe, 6 in. (150 mm) and larger, for transmission and distribution of
water, including fabrication of pipe, requirements of welding operations, permissible
variations of thickness and dimensions, preparation of ends, fabrication of special
sections, inspection, and test procedures.
I.B. History. Te frst AWWA steel pipe standards issued were 7A.3 and
7A.4, published in 1940. Standard 7A.4 pertained to steel pipe smaller than 30 in.
(750 mm) in diameter, and 7A.3 pertained to steel pipe 30 in. (750 mm) in diameter
and larger. Subsequently, in recognition that some pipe used in water utility service
was manufactured in steel mills rather than in a fabricator’s shop, two new AWWA
standards were issued in 1960. AWWA C201 replaced 7A.3 and pertained to all pipe,
regardless of diameter, manufactured in a fabricator’s shop from steel sheet or plate.
Te physical and chemical properties are properties of the sheet or plate from which the
pipe is made. Te properties are a function of the steel mill practice and are not afected
signifcantly by fabricating procedures. AWWA C202 replaced 7A.4 and pertained
to mill pipe, which is normally produced in a production pipe mill. Te specifed
physical and chemical properties are those of the completed pipe. Physical testing is
performed on the pipe rather than on the steel from which it originates. In many cases,
the physical properties are signifcantly afected by the pipe-manufacturing procedure.
AWWA C201 was revised in 1966, and AWWA C202 was revised in 1964. Both
AWWA C201 and AWWA C202 were superseded by AWWA C200-75, approved by
the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 26, 1975.
AWWA C200 includes all types and classes of steel pipe, 6 in. (150 mm) in diam-
eter and larger, used in water utility service, regardless of the pipe-manufacturing
source. With adequate quality assurance, pipe manufactured in a fabricator’s shop or
in a steel pipe mill is suitable for water utility service.
By reference, AWWA C202 (which pertained to mill-type steel water pipe) included
API† 5L and API 5LX pipe grades manufactured to API standards for high-pressure
* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
† American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.
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applications. With the inclusion of ASTM A570/A570M and ASTM A572/A572M
high-strength steels in AWWA C200-75, API high-pressure pipe was omitted from
AWWA C200-75 as being redundant. API 5L and API 5LX pipe grades fully met all
requirements of AWWA C200 and could be used for water utility applications if dic-
tated by availability or other economic considerations.
AWWA C200-75 introduced design criteria for determination of wall thickness
to meet internal pressure conditions. Tese criteria facilitated the selection of the opti-
mum combination of thickness and material for steel pipe.
Revisions in AWWA C200-86 included clarifcation of forming for lap-joint
ends and gasketed ends and testing of O-ring gaskets. Subsequent editions of this
standard were approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 23, 1991; Feb. 2,
1997; June 12, 2005, and June 10, 2012. Tis edition was approved on Jan. 14, 2017.
I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF
International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a
certifcation program for direct and indirect drinking wat er additives. Other members of
the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF)
and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). Te
American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking
Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose
requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health
efects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local
agencies may use various references, including
1. Specifc policies of the state or local agency.
2. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF:† NSF/ANSI 60,
Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Efects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking
Water System Components—Health Efects.
3. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex,
Water Chemicals Codex,‡ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or
local agency.
* Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
† NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
‡ Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington,DC 20001.
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Various certifcation organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor-
dance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept
or accredit certifcation organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certi-
fcation organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does
not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not
regulated by a USEPA fnal maximum contaminant level (MCL). Te MALs of an
unspecifed list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines
(noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A
procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifer.
ANSI/AWWA C200 does not address additives requirements. Tus, users of this
standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in
order to
1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifcations by parties ofering to certify products
for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certifcation.
II. Special Issues.
II.A. Advisory Information on Product Application.
1. Basis of design. ANSI/AWWA C200 pertains to the manufacture and testing
of the steel-pipe cylinder. Coatings that protect against corrosion are referenced in Sec.
4.12. ANSI/AWWA C604, Installation of Buried Steel Water Pipe, 4 In. (100 mm) and
Larger, provides feld installation guidelines. Overall design of steel pipelines is described
in AWWA Manual M11, Steel Water Pipe—A Guide for Design and Installation .
Design of the wall thickness of steel pipe is primarily afected by internal pressure,
including working, transient, and test pressures. Other factors that may infuence the
designed wall thickness are external loads, including trench loading and earth fll;
special physical loading, such as continuous-beam loading with saddle supports or
ring girders; vacuum conditions; type of joint used; and practical considerations for
handling, shipping, lining, and coating or similar operations.
Te design techniques described in AWWA Manual M11 are used to determine
required wall thicknesses of steel pipe. Te purchaser may establish and specify a wall
thickness determined to be satisfactory for all conditions, including internal pressure,
trench loadings, special physical loadings, and handling. Selection of design stresses and
defection limits should be made with regard to the properties of the lining and coating
materials used. Te purchaser may alternatively specify the performance criteria for the
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pipeline, in which case the manufacturer, using AWWA standards, provides the wall-
thickness calculations for purchaser acceptance. Performance criteria provided should
include internal design pressures, external loading, and any other special conditions. Te
manufacturer is allowed to select materials and manufacturing processes within the limi-
tations of this standard to produce pipe to the wall thickness required to additionally
satisfy the specifed performance criteria. Tis thickness should govern if it is greater than
the wall thickness specifed by the purchaser. Tickness tolerances for pipe are governed
by the requirements of this standard.
2. Application. Tis standard describes the requirements for steel water pipe
for use in water transmission and distribution under normal circumstances. It is the
responsibility of the purchaser for each project to determine if any unusual circum-
stances related to the project require additional provisions that are not included in the
standard. Such special conditions might afect design, manufacture, quality control,
corrosion protection, or handling requirements.
3. Brittle fracture precautions. Sec. 4.5.2 provides test requirements for steel
to ensure notch toughness. Under certain conditions where a restrained pipeline with
welded lap joints will be used, notch toughness verifcation may be necessary, see also
ANSI/AWWA C206, Field Welding of Steel Water Pipe.
4. Testing of special sections. Sec. 5.2.2 provides for nondestructive testing of
the weld seams of special sections. Tis testing should be adequate for normal condi-
tions previously discussed under Item 2, Application (above).
5. Roundness of pipe. Te roundness of pipe during handling, shipping, joint
makeup, and backflling should be covered in the purchaser’s documents. When
requested, the pipe is delivered with internal bracing for shipping and handling pur-
poses. Although not generally designed for such, this bracing can assist in limiting the
maximum vertical defection of the pipe during installation and backflling operations.
Bracing design for this purpose is the responsibility of the constructor.
II.B. Chlorine and Chloramine Degradation of Elastomers. Te selection of
materials is critical for water service and distribution piping in locations where there is a
possibility that elastomers will be in contact with chlorine or chloramines. Documented
research has shown that elastomers such as gaskets, seals, valve seats, and encapsulations
may be degraded when exposed to chlorine or chloramines. Te impact of degradation
is a function of the type of elastomeric material, chemical concentration, contact surface
area, elastomer cross section, and environmental conditions as well as temperature.
Careful selection of and specifcations for elastomeric materials and the specifcs of their
application for each water system component should be considered to provide long-term
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usefulness and minimum degradation (swelling, loss of elasticity, or softening) of the
elastomer specifed.
II.B.1 Gasket Degradation Study. A pipe gasket, having the hardness of a
compressed elastomer with a large mass relative to the small exposed surface area, thus
experiences minimal degradation. Tis was validated in a research paper reported in
the Journal - AWWA ,* where the pipe gasket degradation in a 110 mg/L chloramine
solution was found to degrade just the exposed surface.
III. Use of Tis Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use
in the particular application being considered.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. Te following information should be
provided by the purchaser.
1. Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA C200, Steel Water Pipe, 6 In. (150 mm)
and Larger, of latest revision.
2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water Treatment
Components—Health Efects, is required.
3. A description or drawings indicating the diameter and total quantity of pipe
required for each diameter.
4. Internal design pressure(s) (AWWA Manual M11).
5. External design pressures and other special physical loadings (AWWA
Manual M11).
6. Permeation requirements (Sec. 4.1).
7. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Sec. 4.2).
8. Te drawings and calculations to be provided by the manufacturer if
required (Sec. 4.3 and 4.4).
9. Protective coating or lining if applicable (Sec. 4.12).
10. Minimum service temperature for toughness requirements (Sec. 4.5.2).
11. Specifcation of steel if there is a preference (Sec. 4.5).
12. Wall thickness (Sec. 4.5.3).
13. Qualifcation code for automatic welding (Sec. 4.6.2.1).
14. Qualifcation code for manual welding (Sec. 4.6.3.1).
15. Length of pipe sections, random or specifed lengths (Sec. 4.9.4).
16. Type of pipe ends (description or drawings) (Sec. 4.11).
* R.W. Bonds. 2004. Efect of Chloramines on Ductile-Iron Pipe Gaskets of Various ElastomerCompounds. Jour. AWWA, 96(4):153–160.
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xiv
17. Requirements for reports of tests of rubber-gasket materials (Sec. 4.11.6.3).
18. All special sections, indicating for each component part the dimensions or
standard designation (Sec. 4.13).
19. Instructions regarding inspection at place of manufacture (Sec. 5.1).
20. Method, acceptance criteria, location, and frequency of nondestructive test-
ing to be used for special sections (Sec. 5.2.2.1).
21. Test reports if required (Sec. 5.4).
22. Requirements for marking, line diagrams, or laying schedules (Sec. 6.1).
23. Special handling requirements and allowable out-of-roundness (Sec. 6.2).
24. Afdavit of compliance if required (Sec. 6.3).
III.B. Modifcation to Standard. Any modifcation of the provisions, defnitions,
or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
IV. Major Revisions. Major revisions made to the standard in this edition
include the following:
1. Te order that a few of the sections appear was rearranged to provide a better
fow to the standard and the section numbers were revised.
2. An advisory statement was added in the foreword (Sec. II.B) regarding chlo-
rine and chloramine degradation of elastomers.
3. In Section 3, the defnition for coupon was deleted since it does not agree
with the use in the standard, the defnition for internal design pressure was deleted
since it is defned in AWWA Manual M11, and the defnition for order to chemistry was
deleted since this section was deleted from the standard.
4. Te Charpy Impact Testing section (Sec. 4.5.2) was revised.
5. Te Tickness of Pipe Wall section (Sec. 4.5.3) was revised.
6. Sec. 4.7.1, Weld Seams, was revised to include weld seams for special sec-
tions be CJP (complete joint penetration) welded butt joints.
7. Te section Orders to Chemistry Only was deleted since this practice is no
longer used (old Sec. 4.7.3).
8. Te maximum interval for frequency of production weld tests was changed
from feet of pipe to lineal feet of weld to refect standard industry practice (Sec. 4.8.6).
9. Te thickness and tolerance determination in Sec. 4.9.1 was further clarifed.
10. Sec. 4.14, Fabrication of Special Sections, was revised for clarity.
V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at
303.795.7603; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO
80235-3098; or email at [email protected].
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1
AWWA Standard®
ANSI/AWWA C200-17(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C200-12)
Steel Water Pipe, 6 In. (150 mm)
and Larger
SECTION 1 : GENERAL
Sec. 1.1 Scope
Tis standard describes electrically butt-joint-welded straight-seam or spiral-
seam pipe and seamless pipe, 6 in. (150 mm)* in nominal diameter and larger, for
the transmission and distribution of water or for use in other water system facilities.
Sec. 1.2 Purpose
Te purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for
steel water pipe, 6 in. (150 mm) and larger, including materials and quality of
work, fabrication, and testing of pipe and special sections.
Sec. 1.3 Application
Tis standard can be referenced in the purchaser’s documents for steel water
pipe, 6 in. (150 mm) and larger. Te stipulations of this standard apply when this
document has been referenced and then only to steel water pipe, 6 in. (150 mm)
and larger.
* Metric conversions given in this standard are direct conversions of US customary units and are not those specifedin the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards.
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2 AWWA C200-1 7
SECTION 2: REFERENCES
Tis standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,
they form a part of this standard to the extent specifed within the standard. In any
case of confict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ANSI*/AWWA C203—Coal-Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for Steel
Water Pipe.
ANSI/AWWA C205—Cement–Mortar Protective Lining and Coating for
Steel Water Pipe—4 In. (100 mm) and Larger—Shop Applied.
ANSI/AWWA C208—Dimensions for Fabricated Steel Water Pipe Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C209—Cold-Applied Tape Coatings for Steel Water Pipe,
Special Sections, Connections, and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C210—Liquid-Epoxy Coatings and Linings for Steel Water
Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C213—Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coatings and Linings for Steel
Water Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C214—Tape Coatings for Steel Water Pipe.
ANSI/AWWA C215—Extruded Polyolefn Coatings for Steel Water Pipe.
ANSI/AWWA C216—Heat-Shrinkable Cross-Linked Polyolefn Coatings
for Steel Water Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C217—Microcrystalline Wax and Petrolatum Tape Coating
Systems for Steel Water Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C218—Liquid Coating Systems for Aboveground Steel Water
Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C222—Polyurethane Coatings and Linings for Steel Water
Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C224—Nylon-11-Based Polyamide Coatings and Linings for
Steel Water Pipe Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C225—Fused Polyolefn Coatings for Steel Water Pipe.
ANSI/AWWA C229—Fusion-Bonded Polyethylene Coatings for Steel Water
Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C602—Cement–Mortar Lining of Water Pipelines in
Place—4 In. (100 mm) and Larger.
API Specifcation 5L—Specifcation for Line Pipe.
* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 3
ASME*—Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code [BPVC], Section V, Nondestruc-
tive Examination.
ASME—Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Rules for
Construction of Pressure Vessels.
ASME—Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, Welding, Brazing, and
Fusing Qualifcations.
ASTM† A36/A36M—Standard Specifcation for Carbon Structural Steel.
ASTM A53/A53M—Standard Specifcation for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-
Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless.
ASTM A106/A106M—Standard Specifcation for Seamless Carbon Steel
Pipe for High-Temperature Service.
ASTM A135/A135M—Standard Specifcation for Electric-Resistance-
Welded Steel Pipe.
ASTM A139/A139M—Standard Specifcation for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-
Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over).
ASTM A283/A283M—Standard Specifcation for Low and Intermediate
Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates.
ASTM A370—Standard Test Methods and Defnitions for Mechanical Test-
ing of Steel Products.
ASTM A516/A516M—Standard Specifcation for Pressure Vessel Plates, Car-
bon Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Service.
ASTM A572/A572M—Standard Specifcation for High-Strength Low-Alloy
Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel.
ASTM A673/A673M—Standard Specifcation for Sampling Procedure for
Impact Testing of Structural Steel.
ASTM A941—Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel,
Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys.
ASTM A1011/A1011M—Standard Specifcation for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength
Low-Alloy With Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength.
ASTM A1018/A1018M—Standard Specifcation for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
Heavy-Tickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Commercial, Drawing, Structural,
* ASME International, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
† ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
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4 AWWA C200-1 7
High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy With Improved Formability,
and Ultra-High Strength.
ASTM D297—Standard Test Methods for Rubber Products—Chemical
Analysis.
ASTM D395—Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression
Set.
ASTM D412—Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Termo-
plastic Elastomers—Tension.
ASTM D471—Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Efect of Liquids.
ASTM D573—Standard Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
Oven.
ASTM D1149—Standard Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration—Crack-
ing in an Ozone Controlled Environment.
ASTM D1566—Standard Terminology Relating to Rubber.
ASTM D2240—Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
Hardness.
ASTM E340—Standard Practice for Macroetching Metals and Alloys.
AWS* A3.0—Standard Welding Terms and Defnitions Including Terms for
Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering, Termal Cutting and Termal Spraying.
AWS B2.1—Specifcation for Welding Procedure and Performance
Qualifcation.
AWS D1.1/D1.1M—Structural Welding Code—Steel.
AWS QC 1—Specifcation for AWS Certifcation of Welding Inspectors.
AWWA Manual M11—Steel Pipe—A Guide for Design and Installation .
SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS
Te following defnitions shall apply in this standard:
1. Bevel: Te angle formed between the prepared edge of a pipe end and
a plane perpendicular to the surface of the pipe. Bevels are generally used for butt-
joint welding of pipe ends.
2. Check analysis: Te chemical analysis taken from the skelp, plate, or pipe.
3. CJP: Complete joint penetration; defned in AWS 3.0.
* American Welding Society, 550 Northwest LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 5
4. Coil-splice weld: A welded seam used to join two coils the alignment of
which is perpendicular to the connecting spiral welds. A coil splice is considered a
spiral weld.
5. Constructor: Te party that provides the work and materials for place-
ment or installation.
6. CWI: Certifed welding inspector qualifed in accordance with AWS
QC1.
7. Defect: A discontinuity or discontinuities that by nature or accumu-
lated efect render a part or product unable to meet the minimum applicable accep-
tance standards or specifcations. Tis term designates rejectability.
8. Discontinuity: An interruption of the typical structure of a weldment,
such as lack of homogeneity in the mechanical or metallurgical or physical charac-
teristics of material or weldment. A discontinuity is not necessarily a defect.*
9. Electrically butt-joint-welded pipe: Straight-seam or spiral-seam resistance-
welded or fusion-welded pipe.
10. Fillet weld: A weld of approximately triangular cross section the throat
of which lies in a plane disposed approximately 45 degrees with regard to the sur-
face of the parts joined. (Te size of the fllet weld is expressed in terms of the
width, in inches or millimeters, of one of its adjacent fused legs; the shorter leg, if
unequal.)
11. Fine-grain practice: Steelmaking practice intended to produce a killed
steel that is capable of meeting the requirements specifed for fne austenitic grain
size (see ASTM A941).
12. Flame cutting: Te process of severing metal by means of a gas fame.
13. Fusion welding: Te melting together of fller metal and base metal, or
melting of base metal only, which results in coalescence.
14. Girth weld: A circumferential welded seam lying in one plane, used to
join sections into lengths of straight pipe or to join pieces of mitered pipe to form
fabricated special sections.
15. Lap joint: A circumferential joint in which one of the members joined
overlaps the other.
16. Longitudinal weld: A welded seam parallel to the axis of the pipe.
17. “Lot” of pipe: All pipe between two subsequent tests.
* Lundeen, C.D. 1984. “Fundamentals of Weld Discontinuities and Teir Signifcance.” Welding Research Council,Bulletin 295 .
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6 AWWA C200-1 7
18. MT: Magnetic particle testing.
19. Manufacturer: Te party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products.
20. Minimum service temperature: Te lowest expected steel temperature
in service.
21. Miter: Te angle included between the cut of a pipe end and a line
drawn perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe. Miters are used in fab-
ricating elbows and to facilitate pipe laying at changes in horizontal or vertical
alignment.
22. NDT: Nondestructive testing.
23. Nominal diameter or size: Te commercial designation or dimension
by which pipe is designated for simplicity.
24. PT: Liquid penetrant testing.
25. Plain-end pipe: Pipe not threaded, belled, or otherwise given a special
end confguration.
26. Purchaser: Te person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
27. RT: Radiographic testing.
28. Random lengths: Pipe lengths as produced in a pipe mill to which no
special treatment is given to make the lengths uniform.
29. Reinforcement of weld: Weld metal on the face of a weld in excess of
the metal necessary for the specifed weld size.
30. Resistance-welded pipe: Pipe having a longitudinal or spiral butt joint
that is produced by the heat obtained from resistance to the fow of electric current
across the joint and the simultaneous application of pressure.
31. Root: Tat portion of a joint to be welded where the members approach
closest to each other. In cross section, the root of a joint may be a point, a line, or
an area.
32. Seamless pipe: Pipe without welds, made from solid ingots, blooms,
billets, or round bars that have been hot-pierced and then brought to the desired
size by hot rolling, hot drawing, or a combination of both.
33. Special section: Any piece of pipe other than a normal straight section.
Tis includes but is not limited to elbows, pipes with outlets, reducers, adapter sec-
tions with special ends, and other fttings or nonstandard sections.
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 7
34. Specifed lengths: Sections of fnished pipe the length dimensions of
which do not vary from a fxed fgure specifed by the purchaser by more than the
tolerance set forth in this standard.
35. Spiral weld: A welded seam helical to the axis of the pipe.
36. Spiral-seam welded pipe: Pipe in which the line of the seam forms a
helix on the barrel of the pipe.
37. Straight-seam welded pipe: Pipe in which the line of the seam is parallel
to the axis of the pipe.
38. Tickness (t): Calculated steel thickness of the pipe wall that is struc-
turally adequate per the design considerations in AWWA Manual M11 or as speci-
fed by the purchaser.
39. UT: Ultrasonic testing.
40. VT: Visual testing or inspection.
41. WPS: Welding procedure specifcation.
42. Welded butt joints: A weld the throat of which lies in a plane disposed
approximately 90 degrees with regard to the surface of at least one of the parts
joined. Te size of the weld shall be expressed in terms of its net throat dimensions,
in inches (millimeters), excluding weld metal above plate surface. A double-welded
butt joint is one in which the fller metal is added to both sides. A single-welded
butt joint is one in which the fller metal is added to one side only.
SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 4.1 Permeation
Te selection of materials is critical for water service and distribution piping
in locations where there is likelihood the pipe will be exposed to signifcant con-
centrations of pollutants composed of low-molecular-weight petroleum products
or organic solvents or their vapors. Documented research has shown that pipe
materials (such as polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride) and elastomers, such as
those used in jointing gaskets and packing glands, are subject to permeation by
low-molecular-weight organic solvents or petroleum products. If a water pipe must
pass through such a contaminated area or an area subject to contamination, con-
sult with the manufacturer regarding permeation of pipe walls, jointing materials,
and so forth before selecting materials for use in that area.
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8 AWWA C200-1 7
Sec. 4.2 Materials
Materials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act
and other federal regulations for water systems as applicable.
Sec. 4.3 Drawings
When pipe detail drawings are required to illustrate compliance with the pur-
chaser’s requirements, they shall be subject to acceptance by the purchaser.
Sec. 4.4 Calculations
If the manufacturer is required to determine the wall thickness, the manu-
facturer’s calculations of wall thickness shall be submitted to and accepted by the
purchaser before the start of manufacturing.
Sec. 4.5 Selection of Materials
4.5.1 General. If the purchaser’s documents do not specify the type of
pipe or steel, the manufacturer shall select the type of pipe and steel from this stan-
dard to meet the design requirements of the purchaser’s documents. Pipe shall be
fabricated from plate, sheet, or coil from Table 1 . Te steel shall be fully killed and
shall conform to fne-grain practice.
4.5.2 Charpy impact testing. Charpy impact testing shall be utilized to eval-
uate steel used to fabricate pipe that will be restrained in its application. Restrained
pipe with a minimum service temperature below 30°F (–1°C) should be evaluated
by other methods, such as ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) Section
VIII, Division 1, UG-20(f). Steel for pipe in excess of 2.0-in. (50-mm) thick shall be
Charpy tested. Steel for pipe 0.500 in. (13 mm) or thinner does not require Charpy
testing. Other pipe thicknesses shall be evaluated using Figure 1. Plot the minimum
service temperature and the steel thickness. When a minimum service temperature is
not provided by the purchaser, 32°F (–0°C) shall be used for the evaluation. Materi-
als that comply with Sec. 4.5.1 are Group 1. Group 1 materials that plot below the
Group 1 line require Charpy testing. All other materials are Group 2. Group 2 mate-
rials that plot below the Group 2 line require Charpy testing. Materials that plot on
or above the applicable line do not require Charpy testing.
When Charpy testing is required, Charpy V-notch (CVN) specimens shall
be prepared and test results interpreted in accordance with ASTM A370. CVN
shall be heat-lot tested; specimens shall be taken in the transverse direction at
30°F (–1°C) with a minimum average full size criteria of 25 ft·lbf (33.9 N·m).
Heat-lot testing for plate is defned in ASTM A673. Heat-lot testing for coils is
defned as two coils per heat, with test coupons being taken from the outer wrap
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 9
Table 1 Steel plate, sheet, or coils for fabricated pipe*†
Specifcation GradeMinimum Yield Point
ksi (MPa)
ASTM A36/A36M Steel Plate 36 (248)
ASTM A139/A139M ‡ B 35 (240)
C 42 (290)
D 46 (317)
E 52 (359)
ASTM A283/A283M C 30 (207)
D 33 (228)
ASTM A516/A516M 55 30 (205)
60 32 (220)
65 35 (240)
70 38 (260)
ASTM A572/A572M 42 42 (290)
50 50 (345)
ASTM A1011/A1011M Structural Steel (SS)
30 30 (207)
33 33 (228)
36 36 (248)
40 40 (276)
45 45 (310)
50 50 (345)
55 55 (380)
High-Strength–Low-Alloy Steel (HSLAS)
45 45 (310)
50 50 (345)
55 55 (380)
High-Strength–Low-Alloy Steel With Improved Formability (HSLAS-F)
50 50 (345)
ASTM A1018/A1018M Structural Steel (SS)
30 30 (207)
33 33 (228)
36 36 (248)
40 40 (276)
45 45 (310)
High-Strength–Low-Alloy Steel (HSLAS)
45 45 (310)
50 50 (345)
55 55 (380)
High-Strength–Low-Alloy Steel With Improved Formability (HSLAS-F)
50 50 (345)
*For the ASTM grades listed in this table, all type, limit, and class designations are acceptable.†All listed steel shall be fully killed and conform to fne-grain practice.‡Steel shall meet chemical and physical properties as required in Sections 6, 7, and 9 of ASTM A139/A139M.
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1 0 AWWA C200-1 7
only. When the evaluation of the base metal as shown above has determined that
Charpy testing is required, the applicable welding procedures shall be qualifed for
notch toughness to meet the same requirements as the base metal.
4.5.3 Tickness of pipe wall. Plate, sheet, and coil for the manufacture
of pipe (Table 1) or ancillary pipe (Sec. 4.10) shall be furnished to the thickness
as determined by considering all pertinent performance criteria. Pipe wall thick-
ness shall be indicated to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.0254 mm). Sec. 4.9.1 provides
for standard manufacturing tolerances. For additional tolerance requirements, the
purchaser shall indicate numerical tolerances limitations to the nearest 0.001 in.
(0.0254 mm). For purchaser-specifed materials described as minimum wall thick-
ness without further clarifcation of tolerance by the purchaser, the manufacturing
tolerances in Sec. 4.9.1 shall apply.
Charpy Impact Test Exemption Curves
Wall Thickness (in. )
Minim
um Service Temperature (°F)
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 00
3/41 /2 21 3/41 1 /21 1 /41
Group 2
Group 1
Figure 1 Charpy test evaluation
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 1 1
Sec. 4.6 Requirements for Welding Qualifcation
4.6.1 End welding. End welding of longitudinal seams of fusion-welded
pipe, if not done by automatic submerged-arc or automatic shielded-arc welding,
shall be done by an operator qualifed in accordance with Sec. 4.6.3.1.
4.6.2 Automatic welding. Spiral-weld, coil-splice-weld, longitudinal-
weld, and girth-weld seams of straight pipe sections and special sections, when
practicable, shall be welded with an automatic welding machine. On request, sam-
ple welds shall be submitted to the purchaser for testing.
4.6.2.1 Qualifcation. Automatic welding operators and procedures
shall be qualifed under Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
under AWS B2.1 or AWS D1.1/D.1.1M, or under any other code mutually agreed
on between the purchaser and manufacturer. Materials listed in Table 1 shall be
accepted in P-Number 1, Groups 1, 2, or 3 material grouping of ASME BPVC,
Section IX.
4.6.3 Manual welding. Manual welding of girth seams and special
sections shall be permitted when it is impractical to use an automatic welding
machine. On straight pipe sections, manual welding shall be permitted only for
tack welding of coils and plates during the continuous pipe-making process, in
making a weld on the inside of the pipe, in rewelding and repairing structural
discontinuities in the plate and automatic machine welds, and as otherwise permit-
ted in this standard (Sec. 4.7). On request, sample welds shall be submitted to the
purchaser for testing.
4.6.3.1 Qualifcation. Manual-welding operators and procedures shall
be qualifed under Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
under AWS B2.1 or AWS D1.1/D.1.1M, or under any other code acceptable to the
purchaser and the manufacturer. Materials listed in Table 1 shall be accepted as
P-Number 1, Groups 1, 2, or 3 material grouping of ASME BPVC, Section IX.
Sec. 4.7 Fabrication of Pipe
Te longitudinal edges of the sheet or plate shall be shaped by pressing or by
rolling to the true pipe radius. Hammering the edges during the forming process
shall not be permitted. Te plate or sheet shall then be properly formed and may be
tacked prior to welding. Te weld shall be of reasonably uniform width and height
for the entire length of the pipe, and it shall be made by automatic means, except
that, by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, manual welding
by qualifed procedure and welders shall be acceptable.
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1 2 AWWA C200-1 7
4.7.1 Weld seams. Spiral-weld, coil-splice-weld, longitudinal-weld, and
girth-weld seams used in the manufacture of the pipe and special sections shall be
CJP-welded butt joints. Allowable radial ofset (misalignment) is determined by
Figure 2 or mathematically determined by Table 2.
Ofset shall be measured with commercially available equipment, such as a
Bridge Cam gauge (Figure 3). Two measurements shall be taken. Te two measure-
ments shall be taken on the same surface, along the longitudinal axis of the pipe
(see Figure 3), one on each side of the weld. For longitudinal seams, the gauge shall
be perpendicular to the weld. Both measurements shall be taken either across the
inside weld or across the outside weld of the pipe. Te ofset value is the absolute
Longitudinal Weld
No-Repair Limit (see Note 4)
Spiral and Girth Welds
No-Repair
Lim its for No Repair Lim i ts for Repair Method 1
Offset Value, in
.
Wall Thickness t, in.
1/32
1/1 6
3/32
1/8
1/8
5/32
3/1 6
3/1 6
7/32
1/4
1/4
9/32
5/1 6
15/1 611/1 69/1 65/1 6
11/32
3/8
7/8
3/8
5/83/8
13/32
13/1 6
7/1 6
7/1 6
15/32
1/2
1/2
No-Repair Area
00 11/1 6 11/1 6 11/413/1 611/83/4
Repair Method 1 Area
Longitudinal WeldRepair Method 1 Limit (see Note 5)
Spiral and Girth Welds
Repair Method 1
Repair Method 2 Area
NOTE : See Table 2.
Notes
1. For thicknesses greater than shown, the “No Repair Line” does not exceed 3/16 in. measured ofset.
2. For thicknesses greater than shown, the “Repair Method 1 Line” does not exceed 3 in. measured ofset.
3. Lines in the fgure are considered part of the area below them.
4. Longitudinal weld seams are subject to the limitation curves, but with a maximum allowable ofset of 1 in.
before repair is necessary.
5. Longitudinal weld seams are subject to the limitation curves, but with a maximum allowable ofset of 1 in.
before repair method 2 is necessary.
Figure 2 Repair method by ofset value and wall thickness
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 1 3
value of measurement one (O1) minus measurement two (O2), divided by two
(|[O1 – O2] /2 | ).
Ofsets determined to require repair by Figure 2 shall be repaired by the
method indicated. In all cases, wall thickness through the fnished weld seam shall
be maintained. Te manufacturer shall take precautions to minimize recurring
ofsets, imperfections, damage, and defects.
4.7.1.1 Repair method 1 .
a. Provide a minimum 3:1 taper over the width of the fnished inside
and outside welds, or if necessary, add additional weld metal beyond what
Table 2 Repair requirements based on ofset value and wall thickness
Measured Ofset Repair Required Repair Method
Spiral and Girth Welds
≤ Minimum[3/16 in., t/4] NO None
Minimum[3/16 in., t/4] < Ofset ≤ Minimum[3 in., t/3] YES 1
> Minimum[3 in., t/3] YES 2
Longitudinal Weld
≤ Minimum[1 in., t/4] NO None
Minimum[1 in., t/4] < Ofset ≤ Minimum[1 in., t/3] YES 1
> Minimum[1 in., t/3] YES 2
Figure 3 Bridge Cam gauge
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1 4 AWWA C200-1 7
would otherwise be the edge of the welds to achieve a continuous 3:1 transi-
tion across the ofset.
b. Ofsets may also be repaired by removing the weld metal, realigning
the material, and welding in accordance with welding requirements of this
standard.
c. Repairs shall be inspected per Sec. 4.7.2, followed by testing in ac-
cordance with Sec. 5.2.1 or Sec. 5.2.2.
4.7.1.2 Repair method 2.
a. Remove the weld metal, realign the material, and weld in accordance
with welding requirements of this standard.
b. Optionally, the method described in paragraph “a” under Repair
method 1 may be used if a representative weld test specimen with the maxi-
mum ofset that has been repaired by such method complies with the re-
quirements of Sec. 4.8.
c. Repairs shall be inspected per Sec. 4.7.2, followed by testing in ac-
cordance with Sec. 5.2.1 or Sec. 5.2.2.
4.7.1.3 Defects. Te fnished pipe shall be free from unacceptable dis-
continuities. Discontinuities in seamless pipe or in the parent metal of welded pipe
shall be considered defects when the depth of the discontinuity is greater than
12.5 percent of the wall thickness. Defects in fnished pipe as defned in AWS
D1.1/D.1.1M, Table 6.1, for statically loaded nontubular connections, including
cracks, sweats, and leaks, shall be unacceptable and shall be repaired in accordance
with Sec. 4.7.3 and Sec. 4.7.1.
Inspection shall be 100 percent visual inspection (VT) by trained personnel
in accordance with AWS D1.1/D1.1M, Table 6.1, for statically loaded nontubular
connections. Additional inspection shall be specifed by the purchaser.
4.7.2 Repair of defects. Te repair of defects or cutouts in the pipe shall be
permitted. Repairs shall conform to the following requirements:
1. Cracks or other defects in the weld metal shall be removed, the cav-
ity cleaned, and weld metal deposited. For surface defects, such as undercut or
improper weld profle, the surface shall be cleaned and weld metal deposited.
2. Cutouts for testing or verifcation shall be ftted with material of equiva-
lent or greater thickness and grade as the parent material and welded in place using
a CJP butt joint.
3. Te repair weld shall be made by automatic welding or manual welding
by a welder qualifed in accordance with this standard.
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 1 5
4. Repairs shall be inspected, followed by testing in accordance with
Sec. 5.2.1 or Sec. 5.2.2.
Sec. 4.8 Production Weld Tests
4.8.1 Weld-test specimens. Te weld-test specimens shall be taken perpen-
dicularly across the weld or from test plates made of material used in the manu-
facture of the straight pipe. Test plates shall be welded using the same procedure,
operator, and equipment and in sequence with the welding of the represented joints
in the pipe. Te test plates shall have the weld approximately in the middle of the
specimen. Te specimens shall be straightened and tested at room temperature.
4.8.2 Reduced-section tension specimens. Two reduced-section tension speci-
mens made in accordance with Figure 4 shall test at a tensile strength not less than
100 percent of the minimum specifed tensile strength of the base material used.
4.8.3 Bend-test specimens. Two transverse guided-bend test specimens shall
be prepared in accordance with Figure 5 or ASTM A370 and shall withstand a
180-degree bend in a jig in accordance with Figures 6, 7, or 8. When performing
the guided-bend tests, one specimen shall be bent so that the specimen face (root)
representing the inside of the pipe is on the inside of the test bend, and the other
specimen shall be bent so that the specimen face representing the inside of the pipe
is on the outside of the test bend. Material 3 in. (9.5 mm) or greater in thickness
may, in lieu of transverse-bend tests, be tested with side bends prepared in accor-
dance with ASTM A370. Four side-bend tests shall be performed—two for each
transverse-bend test. A bend-test specimen shall be considered as having passed if no
crack or other open discontinuity exceeding 1 in. (3.2 mm) measured in any direc-
tion is present in the weld metal or at the interface of the weld and base material after
1/8 in.
1/8 in.
1/4 in.
1/4 in.
1 1/2 in.
2 in
.
t
2-in. Radius
Edge of Weld
This section shal l be machined
(preferably by mil l ing).
Approx. 1 0 in.
NOTES :1 . Weld reinforcement or flash may or may not be removed flush with base metal.
2. To convert inches (in. ) to mi l l imeters (mm), multiply by 25.4.
Figure 4 Reduced-section tension test specimen
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1 6 AWWA C200-1 7
NOTES :1 . Weld reinforcement or flash need not be removed flush with base metal.
2. To convert inches (in. ) to mi l l imeters (mm), multiply by 25.4.
1/8-in. Max.
1 1/2 in.
Wall
Thickness (t)
Weld
Specimen edges may be plasma cut
and also may be machined.
6-in. Min.
Figure 5 Guided-bend test specimen
B
RA
RB
As Required
2 in.
Tapped Hole to Suit
Testing Machine
Hardened Rollers 1 1/2 in. Diameter May Be
Substituted for J ig Shoulders
As Required
Plunger Member
Shoulders Hardened
and Greased
9 in.
3-i
n. M
in.
2-i
n. M
in.
Yoke
A
3/4
3 /4 in
.
11 /8
in
.
1/4 in.
3/4
37/8 in.
3 /4 in
. 3/4 in.
Rad.
1/2 in.
1 1/8 in.
1/8 in.
Chamfer6
3 /4 in
.
71/2 in.
3/4 in.
ƒ ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
NOTES :
Reprinted from ASME 2010 BPVC, Section IX, by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
All rights reserved.
1 . See Table 3 for j ig dimensions.
2. The symbol indicates a l ight finish cut; t is the specified wall thickness of pipe.
3. See Figures 7 and 8 for alternative guided-bend test fixtures.
4. To convert inches (in. ) to mil l imeters (mm), multiply by 25.4.
Figure 6 Jig for guided-bend test
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 1 7
the bending. For electric-resistance welded straight-seam pipe 16 in. (400 mm) and
smaller in diameter, two face bends or a set of 0-degree and 90-degree fattening tests
(ASTM A135/A135M, Section 9) may be performed in lieu of the above bend tests.
4.8.4 Etching tests. Two etch tests for CJP butt joint production welds
shall be prepared in accordance with ASTM E340. Verifcation of CJP shall be
done by means of a macroetch of the joint weld cross section.
Table 3 Guided-bend test jig dimensions*
Specifed Minimum Yield Strength—psi
Up to 42,000 42,000 45,000 50,000–55,000
Radius of male member, RA 2t 3t 31 t 4t
Radius of female member, RB 3t + 1 /16 in. 4t + 1 /16 in. 41 t + 1 /16 in. 5t + 1 /16 in.
Width of male member, A 4t 6t 7t 8t
Width of groove in female member, B 6t + 1 in. 8t + 1 in. 9t + 1 in. 10t + 1 in.
* For intermediate grades of pipe, the above dimensions of the bending jig shall conform to those shown for the next lower grade or shall be proportional thereto.
Notes :1 . t ≤ specifed wall thickness of the pipe.2. To convert inches (in.) to millimeters (mm), multiply by 25.4.3. To convert pounds per square inch (psi) to kilopascals (kPa), multiply by 6.895.
Reprinted from ASME 2010 BPVC, Section IX, by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
All rights reserved.
NOTES : 1 . Dimensions not shown are the option of the designer. The essential consideration is to have adequate rigidity
so that the j ig parts wil l not spring.
2. The specimen shall be firmly clamped on one end so that there can be no sl iding of the specimen during the
bending operation.
3. Test specimens shal l be removed from the j ig when the outer rol l has been removed 1 80° from the
starting point.
4. To convert inches (in. ) to mi l l imeters (mm), multiply by 25.4.
t + 1/1 6 in. Max.
RA = 1/2 A
A
Roller
t
Figure 7 Alternative guided-bend wraparound jig
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1 8 AWWA C200-1 7
4.8.5 Defective test specimens. If any test specimen shows defective
machining or develops faws not associated with the welding, it may be discarded
and another specimen substituted.
4.8.6 Frequency of production weld tests. Weld tests are required if there is
a change in any of the following: welding procedure specifcation, specifed diam-
eter, specifed thickness or grade, operator procedure qualifcation record, or weld-
ing equipment. Weld tests shall be conducted at a maximum interval of once per
7,500 lin ft (2,286 m) of weld.
4.8.7 Retests. If a tested specimen fails to meet the requirements, retests
of two additional specimens from the same lot of pipe shall be made, each of which
shall meet the requirements specifed. If such specimens conform to the specifed
requirements, all lengths from the lot shall be accepted, except the length initially
selected for testing. If any of the retests fail to conform to the requirements, the
entire lot shall be rejected, or test specimens may be taken from each untested pipe
length at the manufacturer’s option, and each specimen shall meet the require-
ments specifed or that pipe shall be rejected.
Reprinted from ASME 2010 BPVC, Section IX, by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
All rights reserved.
NOTES :1 . Either hardened and greased shoulders or hardened rollers free to rotate shal l be used.
2. The shoulders or rol lers shal l have a minimum bearing surface of 2 in. (51 mm) for placement of the specimen.
The rollers shal l be high enough above the bottom of the j ig so that the specimens wil l clear the rol lers when the ram
is in the low position.
3. The ram shall be fi tted with an appropriate base and provision made for attachment to the testing machine,
and shall be designed to minimize deflection and misalignment. The ram to be used with the rol ler j ig shall be of
identical dimensions to the ram shown in Figure 6.
4. I f desired, either the rol lers or the rol ler supports may be made adjustable in the horizontal direction so that
specimens of t thickness may be tested on the same j ig.
5. The roller supports shal l be fitted with an appropriate base designed to safeguard against deflection or
misal ignment and equipped with means for maintaining the rol lers centered, midpoint, and al igned with respect
to the ram.
6. The weld and heat-affected zone in the case of a transverse-weld bend specimen shal l be completely within
the bend portion of the specimen after testing.
7. To convert inches (in. ) to mil l imeters (mm), multiply by 25.4.
R min. = 3/4 in.
RA
R min.
B
A 3
12
4
5
Figure 8 Alternative guided-bend roller jig
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 1 9
Te manufacturer may also elect to retest any length that has failed to pass
the test by cropping back and cutting two additional specimens from the same
end. If the requirements of the original test are met by both of these additional
tests, that length shall be acceptable. Te maximum size for a lot will be the pipe
produced requiring no more than one set of weld tests as defned in Sec. 4.8.6.
4.8.8 Weld repair. Weld repair may be made in accordance with Sec. 4.7.3.
Sec. 4.9 Permissible Variations in Dimensions
4.9.1 Tickness. Tickness under-tolerance for plate, sheet, or coil (Table
1) or for ancillary pipe (Sec 4.10) shall be the lesser of the applicable ASTM stan-
dard nominal thickness under-tolerance, 0.010 in. (0.254 mm), or 6 percent of the
thickness defned in Sec. 4.5.3.
4.9.2 Circumference. Te outside circumference of the pipe shall not vary
more than ±1.0 percent but not to exceed 3 in. (19 mm) from the nominal outside
circumference based on the diameter specifed, except that the circumference at
ends shall be sized, if necessary, to meet the requirements of Sec. 4.11.
4.9.3 Straightness. Te maximum deviation from a straight line, over the
entire pipe length, shall be 0.2 percent of the pipe length.
4.9.4 Lengths. Pipe lengths shall be supplied in accordance with the fol-
lowing sections:
4.9.4.1 Specifed. Specifed lengths shall be provided with a tolerance of
±2 in. (±51 mm). Tis tolerance does not apply to the shorter lengths from which
test coupons have been cut.
4.9.4.2 Random. Random lengths shall be provided in lengths averaging
29 ft (8.84 m) or more, with a minimum length of 20 ft (6.10 m), but not more
than 5 percent of the random lengths shall be less than 25 ft (7.62 m).
4.9.4.3 Circumferential welds. Pipe lengths containing girth welds shall
be permitted. Lap-welded joints for joining lengths of pipe in the shop may be used
by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser subject to the toler-
ances set forth in Sec. 4.11.
Sec. 4.10 Ancillary Pipe
Pipe less than 36 in. (900 mm) in outside diameter manufactured to meet the
requirements of any of the following specifcations and that meets the requirements
of Sec. 4.5.2 is acceptable for use under this standard.
1. For ASTM A53/A53M, all grades, Type E or S.
2. For ASTM A106/A106M, all grades.
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20 AWWA C200-1 7
3. For API 5L, API Monogrammed, PSL-1 and PSL-2, X42, X46, X52,
X56, or X60.
4. ASTM A135/A135M, all grades, that also meet Sec. 5.1.1 and Sec. 5.2
of this standard, and that are made from steel that is fully killed and conforms to
fne-grain practice.
Sec. 4.11 Preparation of Ends
Pipe ends shall be smooth and free of notches, weld spatter, and burrs.
4.11.1 Ends for mechanically coupled feld joints. Ends for mechanically
coupled feld joints shall be plain, grooved, or banded. Te outside surfaces of ends
of plain-end pipe shall be free from surface discontinuities and shall have the lon-
gitudinal or spiral welds ground fush with the plate surface for a sufcient distance
from the ends to permit the coupling gaskets to form a watertight seal against the
pipe wall. Grooved or banded ends shall be prepared to ft the type of mechanical
coupling to be used.
4.11.2 Ends for lap joints for feld welding. Te bell ends shall be formed
by expanding with segmental dies on a hydraulic expander, pressing on a plug die,
or by rolling. After forming, the minimum radius of the curvature of the bell end
at any point shall not be less than 15 times the nominal thickness of the pipe wall.
Bell ends formed by rolling shall be completed in a manner to avoid impairment
of the mechanical properties of the steel shell. Joints shall permit a lap, when the
joint is assembled, of at least 1 in. (25 mm). Te longitudinal or spiral welds on
the inside of the bell end and the outside of the spigot end on each section of pipe
shall be ground fush with the plate surface. Te inside edge of the bell and the
outside edge of the spigot shall be scarfed or lightly ground to remove sharp edges
and burrs.
4.11.3 Plain-end pipe. Pipe shall be provided with a plain right-angle cut.
Burrs at the ends of the pipe shall be removed.
4.11.4 Beveled ends for feld butt joint welding. For feld butt welding of
circumferential joints, the ends shall be beveled to an angle of 30 degrees, mea-
sured from a line drawn at right angles to the axis of the pipe, with a tolerance
of +5 degrees, –0 degrees, and with a width of root face (or fat at the end of the
pipe) of 1 /16 in. ±1 /16 in. (1 .6 mm ±1.6 mm). Other bevel angles may be used if prior
approval between purchaser and constructor is obtained. Bevel angles shall be in
accordance with approved WPS.
4.11.5 Ends ftted with butt straps for feld welding. Butt strap thickness
shall not be less than the adjoining pipe wall thickness and when assembled shall
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 21
lap over the pipe ends a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm). Butt straps may be made in
halves or as complete cylinders. Tey may be welded to the pipe by the manufac-
turer or shipped separately. Welds at faying surfaces of the pipe ends and inside the
butt strap shall be ground fush with the plate surfaces for a distance sufcient to
facilitate installing the butt strap.
4.11.6 Bell-and-spigot ends with rubber gasket. Bell-and-spigot ends shall
be designed so that when the joint is assembled, it will be self-centering and the
gasket will be restrained or confned to an annular space so that the gasket cannot
be displaced by movement of the pipe or hydrostatic pressure. When the joint is
completed, compression of the gasket shall not be dependent on water pressure in
the pipe or external pressure and shall maintain a watertight seal when subjected
to the specifed conditions.
Note: AWWA Manual M11 shows several types of bell-and-spigot joints
with rubber gaskets. Other types are available from various pipe manufacturers.
4.11.6.1 Fabrication. Bell-and-spigot ends may be formed integrally with
the steel cylinder or may be fabricated from separate plates, sheets, or special sec-
tions for attachment to pipe ends. Bell ends formed integrally with the cylinder
shall be shaped either by pressing over a machined swage or die or by sizing with
an internal expander. Spigot ends may be formed integrally with the steel cylinder
by rolling with suitable equipment or by welding a preformed shape or fat bars to
the spigot end of the pipe to form a groove of the proper confguration. Welds on
the inside of the bell and outside of the spigot shall be ground fush with the plate
surface for a distance not less than the depth of insertion.
4.11.6.2 Rubber gaskets. Terms relating to rubber or elastomer shall be
defned in accordance with ASTM D1566, Standard Terminology Relating to
Rubber. Te manufacturer shall supply a continuous rubber gasket with smooth
surfaces for each bell-and-spigot joint. All gasket material shall be extruded or
molded in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and
free of porosity, blisters, pitting, or other imperfections that may interfere with
the proper functioning of the sealing system. Te size and shape of the gasket
cross section shall be designed for continuous deformed contact with both the bell
and the spigot and shall be of sufcient volume to fll the recess provided for the
gasket when the pipe joint is assembled. Gaskets shall be stored in a location that
will minimize gasket exposure to moisture, high temperature, or extremely low
temperatures. Gaskets shall be protected from the direct rays of the sun. When
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22 AWWA C200-1 7
installed, gaskets shall not show any surface crazing, cracking, or other evidence
of deterioration.
4.11.6.3 Rubber gasket requirements. Te gasket rubber compound shall
contain not less than 50 percent by volume of frst-grade synthetic rubber or syn-
thetic-rubber blends. Te remainder of the compound shall consist of pulverized
fllers free from rubber substitutes, reclaimed rubber, and deleterious substances.
When permeation conditions as described in Sec. 4.1 are encountered, consult
the manufacturer for possible alternative gasket materials and properties. Standard
gaskets shall meet the following physical requirements when tested in accordance
with the indicated ASTM standards:
1. Tensile strength: 2,300 psi (15.9 MPa) minimum (ASTM D412).
2. Elongation at rupture: 350 percent minimum (ASTM D412).
3. Specifc gravity: Consistent within ±0.05 and in the range of 0.95–1.45
(ASTM D297).
4. Compression set: 20 percent maximum. Te compression set determina-
tion shall be made in accordance with ASTM D395, except that the disc shall be
a 1-in. (12.7-mm) thick section of the rubber gasket.
5. Tensile strength and elongation after accelerated aging: After being sub-
jected to an accelerated aging test for 96 hours in air at 158°F (70°C) in accordance
with ASTM D573, reduction in tensile strength shall not exceed 15 percent of the
initial value, and reduction of elongation shall not exceed 20 percent of the initial
value.
6. Shore durometer: Te specifed shore-durometer hardness shall be in the
range of 50–65 and shall be determined by using a type A durometer in accordance
with ASTM D2240, with the exception of Section 4 thereof. Te determination shall
be taken directly on the gasket and shall not vary by more than ±5 points from the
specifed durometer.
7. Ozone resistance: Resistance shall be determined in accordance with
ASTM D1149. Test specimens shall be constructed from a fnished gasket cross
section and shall be of type A. Conduct the test for 72 hours in 50 pphm at 105°F
(40°C) stressed at 20 percent extension. Gasket shall show no cracking.
8. Water immersion: Determine the change in volume in accordance with
ASTM D471. Maximum allowable change in volume shall be 5 percent. Te tem-
perature shall be 158 ±4°F (70 ±2°C), and the immersion period shall be 48 hours.
Immediately after removal from water, the specimens shall be blotted, weighed,
and the volume increase calculated in accordance with ASTM D471.
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 23
4.11.6.4 Testing and certifcation. Rubber gaskets shall be tested to
ensure that the material is fully cured and homogeneous, and that the gasket cross
section contains no voids or physical defects that will impair its ability to maintain
compressive strength and provide the necessary volume, as designed. If a splice is
used in the manufacture of the gasket, the part of each gasket that includes a splice
shall be subjected to 100 percent elongation. While stretched, the full splice shall
be inspected. Splices shall be subjected to a bend test. Te bend test for circular
gaskets is defned as wrapping the portion of the unstretched gasket containing the
splice a minimum of 180 degrees around a rod of a diameter equal to, or less than,
the cross-section diameter of the gasket. Any visible separation of the splices during
either the elongation test or the bend test shall result in the rejection of the gasket.
4.11.6.5 Gasket dimensions and tolerances. Gasket diameter and volume
shall conform to the dimensions specifed by the pipe manufacturer. Gasket diam-
eter tolerance shall be ±1.5 percent but not less than ±1 /64 in. (0.40 mm) on all dia-
metrical dimensions. For molded gaskets or gasket material, the permissible fash
shall be maximum of +0.032 in. (0.80 mm). Maximum mold mismatch shall not
exceed 0.010 in. (0.25 mm).
4.11.6.6 Gasket markings: Gaskets shall be molded or permanently
marked with identifcation that will provide traceability to the manufacturer, pipe
size, cord size, or part number, reel or lot number, country where extruded or
molded, and year of manufacture. Molded markings shall not be on the sealing
surfaces.
4.11.7 Plain ends ftted with fanges. Ends to be ftted with fanges shall
have the longitudinal or spiral welds on the pipe ground fush with the plate or
sheet surface for a sufcient distance from the ends to allow proper installation of
the fange.
4.11.8 Manufacturing tolerances at ends. Te length of pipe subject to the
stated tolerance shall be that distance that comes in direct contact with the mating
pipe or external appurtenances.
4.11.8.1 Out-of-roundness. Te out-of-roundness of pipe ends shall be
consistent with the diameter and wall thickness of the pipe supplied and the type
of joint. Any out-of-roundness shall be limited to a smooth oval that may be jacked
back to a circular shape.
4.11.8.2 Diameter. Te diameter of the pipe ends shall be as determined
by accurate circumferential measurement with a steel tape.
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24 AWWA C200-1 7
1. Te circumference of the following types of pipe ends shall not vary by
more than 0.196 in. (5.0 mm) under or 0.393 in. (10.0 mm) over the required
outside circumference:
a. Plain-end pipe.
b. Beveled ends for feld butt-joint welding.
c. Plain ends ftted with fanges.
d. Ends ftted with butt straps for feld welding.
Note: Tese circumferential tolerances are equivalent to –1 /16 in. (–1.6 mm),
+1 in. (+3.2 mm) on the resultant calculated diameter.
2. Ends for mechanical couplings shall have tolerances within the limits
required by the manufacturer of the coupling to be used.
3. For lap-joint pipe prepared for feld welding, the inside circumference of
the bell end shall not exceed the outside circumference of the spigot end by more
than 0.400 in. (10.2 mm).
4. For bell-and-spigot ends with rubber gaskets, the clearance between the
bells and spigots shall be such that, when combined with the gasket groove con-
fguration and the gasket itself, watertight joints shall be obtained for the condi-
tions described in Sec. 4.11.6. Te manufacturer shall submit details complete with
signifcant dimensions and tolerances, including allowable angular joint defection.
When required by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall submit performance data
indicating that the proposed joint has performed satisfactorily under similar condi-
tions or, in the absence of a history of feld performance, the results of a joint proof
test program shall be submitted.
4.11.9 Squareness of ends for feld-welded butt joints. Te ends of pipe sec-
tions shall not vary by more than ±1 in. (±3.2 mm) at any point from a true plane
perpendicular to the axis of the pipe and passing through the center of the pipe at
the end.
4.11.10 Special ends. By agreement between the manufacturer and the
purchaser, the ends of the pipe may be supplied with joint confgurations and tol-
erances other than those described within this standard. In such cases, pipe ends
shall conform to the description and tolerances of detail drawings provided by the
purchaser.
Sec. 4.12 Protective Coatings and Linings
Te pipe and special sections may be provided with a coating or lining con-
forming to ANSI/AWWA C203, ANSI/AWWA C205, ANSI/AWWA C209, ANSI/
AWWA C210, ANSI/ AWWA C213, ANSI/AWWA C214, ANSI/AWWA C215,
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 25
ANSI/AWWA C216, ANSI/AWWA C217, ANSI/AWWA C218, ANSI/AWWA
C222, ANSI/AWWA C224, ANSI/AWWA C225, ANSI/AWWA C229, ANSI/
AWWA C602; some combination of these systems; or an equally efective system as
those listed.
Sec. 4.13 Special Sections
Special sections shall be listed in the purchaser’s documents and shall be
dimensioned in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C208. Special sections not
included in ANSI/AWWA C208 shall be fabricated in accordance with descrip-
tions or drawings provided by the purchaser or in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s drawings that have been approved by the purchaser.
Sec. 4.14 Fabrication of Special Sections
Pipe or plate used in the manufacture of special sections shall meet the
requirements of this standard.
SECTION 5: VERIFICATION
Sec. 5.1 Inspection
Work performed and material provided under the requirements of this stan-
dard may be inspected by the purchaser, but such inspection shall not relieve the
manufacturer of responsibility to provide material and perform work in accordance
with this standard. If the purchaser desires to inspect the pipe or witness the tests,
reasonable notice shall be given by the manufacturer as to the time at which the
inspection may be made.
5.1.1 Quality assurance. Te manufacturer shall maintain a quality-
assurance program to ensure that minimum standards are met. It shall include a
CWI to verify that welders and welding procedures are qualifed, procedures are
being followed within the limitations of testing, and quality-assurance functions
are being implemented.
5.1.2 Access and facilities. Te purchaser shall have access at reasonable
times to those parts of the manufacturer’s plant involved in the manufacture of the
material ordered by the purchaser. Te manufacturer shall provide the purchaser
with the facilities necessary to determine that the material is being provided in
accordance with this standard. Tests and inspections shall be made at the place of
manufacture prior to shipment.
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26 AWWA C200-1 7
5.1.3 Rejection of pipe. Te purchaser may reject any pipe sections or
special sections that do not conform to the prescribed test results and tolerances.
Rejected pipe may be repaired in accordance with Sec. 4.7.3 or replaced.
5.1.4 Rejection of material. Material may be rejected and the manufac-
turer notifed if the material contains unacceptable defects when inspected at
the mill or subsequent to acceptance at the manufacturer’s plant, or if shown to
be defective when properly installed and applied in service. In the event of such
defects or error in selection of materials or wall thicknesses, the manufacturer shall
repair or replace such material.
5.1.5 Finished pipe at delivery destination. Shipments received at the deliv-
ery destination should be inspected by the purchaser for damage before and after
unloading. Any pipe section or special section that shows dents or kinks on deliv-
ery may be rejected. A description of the damage and the reasons for rejection
should be noted on the bill of lading and initialed by the carrier’s representative.
Te manufacturer shall repair or replace the rejected sections subject to the pur-
chaser’s approval.
5.1.5.1 Reconditioning. Reconditioning of rejected sections shall be
accomplished by rerolling or by pressure but not by hammering. Reconditioned
sections shall be retested hydrostatically at the required pressure if deemed neces-
sary by the purchaser.
Sec. 5.2 Test Procedures
5.2.1 Hydrostatic testing of pipe. Each length of pipe shall be tested by the
manufacturer to a hydrostatic pressure not less than that determined by the fol-
lowing formula:
P =2 St
(Eq 5-1)D
Where:
P = minimum hydrostatic test pressure (psi [kPa] )
S = 0.75 times the specifed minimum yield strength of the steel (psi [kPa] )
t = wall thickness (in. [mm])
D = outside diameter (in. [mm])
Tere shall be no leaks. Any leaks in the welded seams shall be repaired
in accordance with Sec. 4.7.3, after which the pipe section shall be retested per
Sec. 5.2.1 . Test pressure shall be held for a sufcient time in order to observe the
weld seams but not less than 30 seconds.
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 27
After testing, the ends shall be reconditioned when necessary. Any section
showing defects or leaks shall be repaired in accordance with Sec. 4.7.3. Closing
leaks by means of a caulking tool shall not be permitted. Repairs shall be retested
in accordance with Sec. 5.2.2.
Note: By agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, other
nondestructive test (NDT) methods may be used in lieu of the hydrostatic test.
5.2.1.1 Other requirements. If joint rings are welded to the pipe after the
hydrostatic test is performed, welds used for that attachment shall be hydrostatically
tested in accordance with Sec. 5.2.1 or other NDT in accordance with Sec. 5.2.2.
5.2.1.2 Previously hydrostatically tested pipe that has been tested in accor-
dance with this standard and that has had subsequent welding for special sections
does not require additional hydrostatic testing if the additional weld is tested in
accordance with Sec. 5.2.2.
5.2.2 Testing of special sections.
5.2.2.1 Nondestructive testing (NDT). Special sections fabricated from
previously hydrostatically tested straight pipe require 100 percent NDT of only
those pressure-containing welds that were not previously tested in the straight pipe.
Pressure-containing welds in special sections shall be tested by NDT methods,
which may be visual inspection (VT), magnetic particle (MT), liquid penetrant
(PT), ultrasonic (UT), radiographic (RT), or hydrostatic test as specifed by the
purchaser. In the absence of such purchaser specifcations, the NDT method shall
be chosen by the manufacturer. Nondestructive testing methods are as follows:
1. Visual testing/inspection (VT) in accordance with AWS D1.1/D1.1.M,
Table 6.1, Statically Loaded Nontubular Connections. All VT inspections shall be
accompanied by one additional method of NDT.
2. Magnetic particle testing (MT) in accordance with AWS D1.1/D.1.1M,
Section 6, Part D, 6.14.4, acceptance criteria in accordance with Part C, 6.10,
and Table 6.1, Statically Loaded Nontubular Connection; or in accordance with
ASME BPVC, Section V, Article 7, acceptance criteria in accordance with ASME
BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1, appendix 6.
3. Liquid penetrant testing (PT) in accordance with AWS D1.1/D.1.1M,
Section 6, Part D, 6.14.5, acceptance criteria in accordance with Part C, 6.10,
and Table 6.1, Statically Loaded Nontubular Connections; or in accordance with
ASME BPVC, Section V, Article 6, acceptance criteria in accordance with ASME
BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1, appendix 8.
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28 AWWA C200-1 7
4. Ultrasonic testing (UT) in accordance with AWS D1.1/D.1.1M, Section
6, Part F, acceptance criteria in accordance with Part C, 6.13.1; or in accordance
with ASME BPVC, Section V, Article 4, acceptance criteria in accordance with
ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1, appendix 12; or API 5L, Annex E.
5. Radiographic testing (RT) in accordance with AWS D1.1/D.1.1M, Sec-
tion 6, Part E, acceptance criteria in accordance with Part C, 6.12.1; or in accor-
dance with ASME BPVC, Section V, Article 2, acceptance criteria in accordance
with ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1, Part UW, UW-51 or UW-52 as
applicable; or API 5L, Annex E.
6. Hydrostatic testing. Special sections may be tested in a hydrostatic test-
ing machine, by welding on heads, by use of blind fanges, or by applying other
pressure-containing methods. Test pressure and duration shall be as determined
by Sec. 5.2.1.
7. Air test. Air testing of collars, wrappers, and fanges may be performed
by applying 40 psi (276 kPa) of air, or other satisfactory gas, into the annular space
between fllet welds that must hold pressure for a period of 5 minutes. If the pressure
remains at 40 psi, the welds are acceptable. If the test pressure drops below 40 psi,
apply a soap solution to the welds and reapply the pressure to 40 psi. Mark and repair
any leaks indicated by the escaping gas bubbles. Openings used for testing shall be
seal welded.
5.2.2.2 NDT qualifcation. Personnel performing NDT other than
hydrostatic testing shall be NDT Level II or NDT Level I working under an NDT
Level II qualifed according to American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Rec-
ommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A. Only NDT Level II or NDT Level III per-
sonnel shall interpret test results. In lieu of the SNT-TC-1A requirements, visual
inspection may be performed by a CWI or by an individual who by training,
experience, or both in metals fabrication, inspection, and testing is competent to
perform the visual inspection.
Sec. 5.3 Calibration of Equipment
Instrument gauges and other testing and measuring equipment used in activi-
ties afecting quality shall be of the proper range, type, and accuracy to verify
conformance with specifed requirements. Procedures shall be in efect to ensure
the equipment is calibrated and certifed at no longer than annual intervals. Cali-
bration shall be against measurement standards that have a known relationship to
national standards, when such standards exist.
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STEEl WATEr PIPE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM) AND lArGEr 29
Sec. 5.4 Test Reports
If specifed by the purchaser, any reports of the material or manufacturing
tests under this standard shall be submitted to the purchaser.
SECTION 6: DELIVERY
Sec. 6.1 Marking
A serial number or other identifcation mark shall be applied in a conspicuous
location on each section of pipe and each special section. If the pipe is coated or
lined, such marking shall be transferred to the coating or lining. Te manufacturer
may be required to provide the purchaser with line diagrams or laying schedules
showing where each numbered pipe or special section belongs in the pipeline. Te
numbers on such diagrams or schedules shall correspond with those on the pipes
and special sections.
Sec. 6.2 Handling and Loading
Te transportation and handling of coated or lined pipe shall be in accor-
dance with the purchaser’s documents or, in the absence of such, in accordance
with the pipe manufacturer’s recommendation. Pipe shall be handled with proper
equipment and in a manner to prevent distortion or damage. Te use of hooks or
clamps that could kink or bend the ends will not be permitted. Loading shall be
done in such a manner as to prevent projections on any pipe length, such as ends
with lap joints or ends with bells and spigots for rubber-gasketed joints, from rub-
bing against one another or against another pipe length.
6.2.1 Out-of-roundness. Pipe shall be loaded so as to ensure that out-of-
roundness shall not exceed the limits specifed by the purchaser.
Sec. 6.3 Afdavit of Compliance
Te purchaser may require an afdavit from the manufacturer stating that
the pipe, special sections, and other products or materials provided under the pur-
chaser’s documents comply with all applicable provisions of this standard.
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