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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
GEAR FAILURES
Scuffing
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Michaelis
Forschungsstelle für Zahnräder und GetriebebauGear Research Centre
Head of the Institute: Prof. Dr.-Ing. B.-R. Höhn
Course at the University of Ljubljana
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Typical Load Carrying Capacity Limitsof Case Carburized Gears 4/144.12.28
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Flank Failures in Gears9/111.05.18
continuous abrasive wear
instantaneous adhesive scoringscuffing
fatigue micropittingpitting
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Light Scoring Marks10/144.03.24
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Scoring with one Scuffing Stripe15/144.03.24
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Scuffing Stripes16/144.03.24
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Light Scuffing16/144.03.24
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Severe Scuffing20/144.03.24
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Photos, Profile and Lead Diagrams ofCorresponding Scuffing Failures on Pinion and Gear 4/125.01.20
acc. Collenberg
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Material Transfer on a Scuffed Pinion Flank1/59.15.18
acc. Michaelis
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Material Transfer in the Addendum of the Pinion3/125.02.20
micro section
SEM photo
acc. Collenberg
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Typical SEM Photos of Transferred Materialat High Speed Conditions 3/125.02.20
acc. Collenberg
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Mechanism of Lubrication of Oils with Additives(schematic) 3/59.06.5
acc. Michaelis
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Influence of Viscosity on Scuffing Load Capacityfor Pure Mineral FVA Reference Oils 3/111.04.17
loadstage
scuffing torque pinion
FVA oil no.
gravimetricvisual
acc. Michaelis
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Influence of TCP Additive Concentration onScuffing Load Capacity 4/111.04.17
loadstage
acc. Michaelis
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Influence of Type of Additive onScuffing Load Capacity of Turbine Oils 7/125.02.20
acc. Collenberg
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Influence of Relative Slidingon Scuffing Load Capacity 11/111.05.24
acc. Lechner
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Measurement of Surface Roughness4/100.05.18
acc. Prexler
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Measurement of Surface RoughnessDetermination of Parameters of Material Portion 5/100.05.18
acc. Prexler
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Influence of Surface Roughnesson Scuffing Load Capacity 13/59.15.18
acc. Michaelis
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Influence of Copper Platingon Scuffing Load Capacity 15/59.15.18
acc. Michaelis
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Influence of Tip Reliefon Scuffing Load Capacity 7/59.15.18
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Influence of Austenite Contenton Scuffing Load Capacity 14/59.15.18
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Influence of Oil Temperatureon Scuffing Load Capacity 6/144.12.28
acc. Michaelis
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Temperature Distribution and Film Formation 22/133.02.29
acc. Schlenk
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Influence Factors on Scuffing Load CapacityTransmittable Torque
42/106.03.18
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Gear Oil Testing MachinesPrinciples 10/73.04.13
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Scuffing Load Ratings in Different Test Rigs11/73.04.13
acc. Wirtz
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Scuffing Load Ratings in Different Test Rigs17/59.11.12
acc. Michaelis
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
FZG Back-to-Back Gear Test RigSchematic
7/144.12.28
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
FZG Back-to-Back Gear Test Rig
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Geometrical Data of Test Gears Type A1/144.03.24
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Load and Speed Distribution of Test Gears Type A11/59.15.18
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Test Gear Box
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Standard FZG Scuffing Test A/8,3/905/73.09.14
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Main Influence Factors on the Resultof an FZG Scuffing Test 9/144.03.24
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Load Stages of the FZG Gear Oil Test4/144.03.24
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Result of an FZG Standard Scuffing Test A/8,3/90Gravimetric Method
6/73.09.14
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Results of the FZG Scuffing Test A/8,3/908/73.09.14
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Frequently Used Test Modificationsof the FZG Scuffing Test A/8,3/90
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Test Regime of Standard Scuffing Tests1/144.10.27
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Modifications of theStandard FZG Scuffing Test A/8,3/90
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Comparison of Different Scuffing Test Methods2/144.10.27
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Test Lubricants4/144.10.27
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Results of Industrial and Transmission Gear Oils11/144.15.31
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2
14
13
12
11
10
98764
C1 C2 C3 G1A G3 G4
GL3 GL4 GL4+
A/8.3/90 A10/16.6R/90 S-A10/16.6R/90
G6 G7
GL5
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Results of Transmission OilsIn the Shock Test S-A10/16,6R/90
6/144.10.27
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Scuffing Integral Temperaturefor Different Test Methods
5/144.10.27
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
9001000
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
load stage
s c u f f i n g t e m p e r a t u r eϑ i n t S
i n ° C
S-A10/16,6R/90
A10/16,6R/90
A/8,3/90
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Temperature Distribution along the Path of Contact5/59.15.18
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Comparison of Total Contact Temperatureand Integral Temperature Criteria
4/59.10.13
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Scuffing Load Carrying Capacity RatingAccording to Integral Temperature Criteria
4/73.05.11
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Permissible Integral Temperature 5/73.05.11
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Scuffing Integral Temperature from FZG Test A/8,3/90 5/73.05.11
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Scuffing of Pinion and Gear of a Railway Gearset 35,36/106.03.17
pinion
gear
MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Torque-Speed Diagram of a Locomotive34/106.03.17
design point forscuffing calculation
driving
breaking
locomotivespeed
pinion speed
p i n i o n
t o r q u e
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MichaelisTU MünchenB.-R. Höhn
Main Data of a Railway Gearset 5/111.08.19