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Evolution of Fish-Shaped Reptiles(Reptilia: Ichthyopterygia) in Their
Physical Environtments andConstraints
Natalia C. Deby (130801327)
Hermanto (130801399)
Fernando P. Natanael (130801401)
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• Kelompo reptil laut pertama
deat a!al "aman Triasi • Predator pertama laut #esosi
• $ilan% di "aman Cenomanian-turonian
• Tetrapod pertama :
–&adan 'er'entu ian
–&atas-'atas u"un% eor yan% 'ai
• #ata palin% e'sar (d *cm)
• Reor dari hyperphalan%y danhyperdactyly
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l ! d i di ib i i &
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Leel ta!a"an dari di#trib$#i #tati%ra&'!t!yo#a$r$#
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nali#i# *a+#onomi
• &elum valid masih 'anya penemuan
'aru secara ontinyu
• $ipotesis: +erte'rata dan seluruh %rup'esar
• ,nalisis lo%eni :
./dimulai th .012 #ET34E K5,46ST6K Kladio%ram pertama: oleh #a7in (.01)
/Call!ay (.010) analisis o'"etif
ladisti
'erdasaran data matri8Shastasauridae
9/#otani (.002an) lo%eniomprehensif/
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Penamaan 4asar
•
;rup 6chthyopery%ia
men%and$n% %ro$" yan% lebi! +eildari i!t!yo#a$ria.
• Perten%a!an dan a+!ir dari ,amantria##i 'anya lan dariichthyosaurus munc$l
membent$+ +ela# "erten%a!an• Dia-ali den%an emunculan sesuatu
yan% mirip adal den%an sirip
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&ody plans dari ichthyosaurian dan plotan leveldari pohol lo%eni den%an nama-nama dari spesies
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Evolusi < fun%si
dari 'a%ian
terevolusi
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Fisi dan Kesimpulan Fun%sional
•
4isa"ian oleh fosiluniformitarianisme
menem"at+an "ro#e# i+ tida+ber$ba! #e,a+ -a+t$ +a"an binatan%
it$ !id$" dan demi+ian bent$+mem"erli!at+an "eran /$n%#ionalter!ada" +ara+teri#ti+ /$n%#ionalmere+a
• +e#im"$lan /$n%#ional "ada"aleontolo%i men,adi 9 ate%ori
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./ 5evel . morfolo%i fun%sionalintuitif
/$n%#i ba%ian t$b$! yan% berda#ar"ada "ena+#iran $alitati/ "adabent$+ dari /o#il dan analo%i dib$atberda#ar+an "ena+#iran ter#eb$t.
/ 5evel morfolo%i fun%sionaluantitatif
"ena+#iran dari bent$+ /o#il yan%dianalo%i+an "ada or%ani#memoderen.
9/ 5evel 9 morfolo%i fun%sional si
"enyataan +$antitati/ dari bent$+
/o#il yan% berda#ar+an "ada !$+$m
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Fo#il '!t!yo#a$r# # !ale#
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Pen%elihatan+isual
• &ola mata ter'esar dalam verte'rata
bera#al dari %en$# Temnodontosaurus
• Kapasitas pen%elihatan yan% tin%%i banya+ #el /otore#e"tor
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S!immin% Evolution
• Perenan% a8ial adanya sirip caudaluntu 'erenan% (men%ayuh om'a)/
• &adan depan tena%a pen%%era
; ' l i d i i i d i hth ' d
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;am'ar evolusi dari sirip depan ichthyosaurus 'erdasaranclado%ram
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Kemampuan untu #enyelam laut dalam
• #EK,=6S#E: "ar$"ar$ di+o#on%+an#ebel$m menyelam dan da"at menyelam!in%a 0100 m tan"a r$#a+ ata$"$nmenyebab+an %elemb$n% di dara!
•
4iduun% oleh emampuan visual yan%tin%%i mata be#ar banya+/otore#e"tor
• 4urasi menyelam berbandin% l$r$#
den%an ma#a t$b$!
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Kemampuan untu #enyelam laut dalam
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5$mber
Motani, R. 2005. Evolution of Fish-Shaped Reptiles (Reptilia:
Ichthyopterygia) in Their h!si"al Environt#ents and$onstraints. Earth and Planetary Science. %%(&):%'5-20.
ilsson, *. E., +arrant, E. ., ohnsen, S., anlon, R., dan
Shashar, . 20&2. /niue dvanta1e for iant E!es in
iant Suid. Current Biology. 22(3): 43%433.Roths"hild, 6. M., 7iaotin1, 8., dan Martin, 9.*. 20&2.
daptations for Marine aitat and the Effe"t of Triassi" and
urassi" redator ressure on *evelop#ent of *e"o#pression
S!ndro#e in ;"hth!osaurs. Naturwissenschaften ''(4): %
3