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Evaporative EmissionStandards for Boats
Presented By:John McKnightDirector of Environmental & Safety ComplianceDecember 2008
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Outline• Overview of new program• Evaporative emission types• New Standards• Program details• Small businesses• Certification• Questions
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Final Rule• On September 4, 2008, EPA Administrator Steve Johnson
signed, into law, new exhaust and evaporative emission standards for spark-ignition marine engines and vessels.
• These standards apply only to new engines and vessels sold for use in the United States.
• The standards will help reduce harmful health effects of ozone and carbon monoxide from these products.
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Final Standards: Overview• HC+NOx exhaust emission standards for
SI marine engines are similar in stringency to existing standards in California
• New CO exhaust emission standards for all SI marine engines
• New Not-to-Exceed provisions• New evaporative emission standards
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Refueling/spillage Venting emissions (diurnal, hot soak, running loss)
Permeation (fuel tank, hoses, other)
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Highway Evap Standards
Three decades of automotive evaporative emission control(full vehicle test/standards)
Nonroad equipment are just now becoming
subject to evaporative emission control
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Existing Nonroad Standards• Component based standards
– Fuel and tank permeation– Component test for diurnal control– Design-based certification
• Existing standards– Large SI equipment (2007)– Recreational vehicles (2008)– Portable gas cans (2009)
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New StandardsSI Marine• Portable tanks
– Tank permeation– Self-sealing vent
• Vessels– Hose and tank permeation– Diurnal emissions– Refueling spillage
Small SI as well– Hose and tank permeation– Running loss
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Marine Evap StandardsStandard/Category
Hose Permeation
Tank Permeation Diurnal
Standard level 15 g/m2/day 1.5 g/m2/day 0.40 g/gal/dayPortable tanks 2009a 2011 2010b
PWC 2009 2011 2010Other tanks 2009a 2012 2011c,d
a 2011 for primer bulbs. Phase-in for under cowl fuel lines, by length, on OB engines: 30% 2010, 60% 2011, 90% 2012, 100% 2015.b Design standard.c Fuel tanks installed in nontrailerable boats (> 26 ft. in length or >8.5 ft. in width) may meet a standard of 0.16 g/gal/day over an alternative test cycle.d The standard is effective July 31, 2011. For boats with installed fuel tanks, this standard is phased-in 50%/100% over the first two years. As an alternative, small manufacturers may participate in a diurnal allowance program.
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Program DetailsHose
Permeation
DiurnalRefuelingSpillage
TankPermeation
Small Business
Provisions
Certification
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Fuel Line Permeation• Fuel line
– 15 g/m2/day, 2009• Fuel CE10, 23°C
– Boat and engine hose• Phase-in for under cowl fuel line
– Primer bulbs, 2011
• Vent and fill lines– Standards do not apply unless hose will hold
standing fuel
• Fuel line manufacturers will certify
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Technical Approaches• Straight-run hose
– Low permeation hose widely available– Fluoroelastomer/fluoroplastic barriers– SAE J1527 includes specification for 15 g/m2/day hose
• Molded hose and other rubber components– Fluoroelastomer construction– Alternative primer bulb products
rubber
barrier layerreinforcement
cover
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Fuel Tank Permeation• 1.5 g/m2/day
– E10 fuel, 28°C– Preconditioning
• Fuel soak• Durability testing
• Design-based certification– Metal tanks– Automotive type multi-layer tanks
• Tank manufacturer will certify
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Technical Approaches
• Multi-layer constructions• Alternative materials• Barrier treatments• Barrier platelets• Coatings• Nanocomposites
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Diurnal Standards• Portable fuel tanks
– Self-sealing valve
• Installed tanks– Trailerable boats (<26 ft)
• 0.40 g/gal/day• 25.6-32.2°C
– Nontrailerable boats• 0.16 g/gal/day• 27.6-30.2°C
• Tank manufacturer will certify
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
31.0
32.0
33.0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
H oursF
uel
Tem
p, D
egre
es C
<26 ft26 ft +
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Technical Approaches• Design-based certification
– Seal tank (up to 1.0 psi)• Can use pressure mitigation (e.g. bladder)
– Passive-purge carbon canister• Prevent fuel from entering
canister• Carbon and canister
specifications
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• Fuel nozzle standards– Marinas must use standard nozzles whenever they
replace existing nozzles or install new ones– Same to those already used for motor vehicle pumps
• Standardized dimensions• Automatic shut-off
• System integration– Fuel systems should be designed to allow flow to nozzle
for automatic shut-off– Will help with carbon canister installation designs and
reduce spillage
Refueling
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System Integration• Industry consensus standards
– SAE J1527 addresses hose permeation– ABYC H24 potential vehicle for specifying best practices for
fuel system designs– NMMA certification
• Canister installation standards– Industry is developing canister installation practices in context
of EPA & USCG standards– ABYC is assessing fuel/air separators and fuel system designs
for spillage control
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Potential Canister Installation
Fill neck
Vapor space(for fuel expansion)
Valve ororifice
Vent line
CanisterFuel tank
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How to Download the Rule
1. Go to http://www.epa.gov/otaq/marinesi.htm
2. Under “Regulations and Guidance,” click on Final Rule.
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How to Download the Rule
3. The Final Rule will be a PDF document.
4. Go to Federal Register page 59298, which is actually page 266 in the document.
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Other Resources
[email protected] or 202-737-9757
Three communication programs in late January 2009– Engine Workshop– Component Manufacturer Workshop– Web based workshop for boat builders