EV Charging infrastructureChallenges in the Charging IndustryMEE Budapest / Hungary – Main Session
September 5 th , 2012 / Steven Dorresteijn, PG EVCI
© ABB GroupSeptember 10, 2012 | Slide 2
Contact information
Steven DorresteijnSales Manager Europe
ABB B.V.Product Group EV Charging InfrastructureHigh Tech Campus 5
5656 AE Eindhoven
The NetherlandsM: +31 6 2342 7031E: [email protected]: http://www.abb.com/evcharging
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Content
Introduction Organization / Scope / References
The Car market Car availability / “Battle of the standards”
Market segments Different use case / Charging Products
Making money Where are we now / Optimal infrastructures
Connectivity is Key Cloud based / Open standards
Challenges in the Charging Industry
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IntroductionOrganization, scope, references
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Why ABB?Solutions for the whole EV charging value chain
AC Chargers
� AC charger range
Charging Network Software Services
� Galaxy services
Grid Automation
� SCADA & Ventyx
Building Automation
� KNX, energy mngt.
DC Fast Chargers
� Terra systems
Components
� DIN rail & distribution boards
Power Quality
� PQF, PCS100
Renewable Integration
� HVDC, solar, wind
Substations
� Power systems
ABB’s future-proof solutions will work together seamlessly throughout the
whole value chain
Energy storage
� B.E.S.S.
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ABB DC fast charge installationsProven technology in the field since May 2010
� Actual:Germany, Norway, The Netherlands, UK, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, France, Czech, Estonia, Turkey, Hungary, Italy, Hong Kong, Chile, China, USA, Taiwan, Slovenia, South Africa, Belgium
� Expected soon:Singapore, Slovakia
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Project Estonia: Country wide networkABB awarded Europe’s largest EV infrastructure project
� ABB awarded Europe’s largest ever EV infrastructure deployment
� Nationwide network: every main road in Estonia will have a fast charger approximately every 50 km
� Completed in Q4, 2012
200 DC + AC combined fast chargers
507 AC chargers at office locationsTurnkey project & network services
Payment systems
�Membership model, RFiD
�SMS payments
�Smartphone payments
�Automated acces via phone
�E-wallet payments
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1st DC Fast Charger installed in Wk 24Project Estonia: country wide network
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ViteaMobility: network of 50 DC chargers in Belgium
� Installations at restaurants, diners, meeting centers and shopping malls throughout Belgium
� Offering convenient 30-120 minute fast charge times at retail locations
� Power level of 20kW fits the available grid connection capacity at these locations
ABB’s Terra Smart Connect ideal for the business case
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The MarketCar availability & Battle of the standards
RenaultKangoo ZE
FordConnect
MercedesVito E-cell
PeugeotiOn
Citroën C-Zero
Tesla Roadster
Think CityOnly AC slow charging(3 kW)
AC semi-fast charging(6 – 10 kW)
AC semi-fastcharging(22 kW)
DC fast charging (50 kW)
2012On the roads 2013 2014
Tesla Model S
RenaultFluence ZE
FordFocus Electric
RenaultZoe ZE
VolkswagenGolf blue e-motion
ToyotaiQ EV
VolvoC30 Electric
RenaultKangoo ZE
NissanLeaf
Mitsubishii-MiEV
Volkswagene-UP!
Smart EDRenaultTwizy
Smart ED (option)
BMWi3
RenaultFluence ZE
Nissane-NV200
The landscape of BEV’s and (fast) charge capabilities in Europe in the next years
22 kW AC
Combo / 50 kW DCCHAdeMO / 50kW DC
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Carmaker support for various fast refill optionsIt is becoming clear that the majority of OEMs support DC fast charge
Supporting AC fast charge
Supporting DC fast charge &
AC slow (3,3kW)
ABB is following the OEM Fast Charging standardsCHAdeMO / 22 kW AC / Combo 2
2010CHAdeMO
Q3 201222 kW AC
Mid 2013Combo 2
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ABB shows live functional Combo DC Fast ChargingEVS26, Los Angeles
ABB demonstrated a live functional SAE/Combo DC charging system at EVS26, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Charging a BMW Active-E electric car within 30 minutes 50kW charging power via the new SAE / Combo-1 connection
Communication via PLC according toSAE/ISO15118 standard
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BEV’s in 3 years cheaper than combustion cars ?
� Elektrische auto’s zijn binnen drie jaar goedkoper dan brandstof auto’s. Dit meldt het Duitse autoconcern Volkswagen. De snel dalende prijs van accu’s is volgens het bedrijf de belangrijkste reden.
� “Wij rekenen erop dat de kosten per kilowattuur aan capaciteit van lithium-ion accu’s snel zal dalen naar een omvang van ongeveer 100 euro. Deze grens zal in 2015 of op z’n laatst kort daarna bereikt worden,” aldus Rudolf Krebs, chef van de Volkswagen afdeling die elektrische auto’s produceert.
� De prijs van €100 per kilowattuur geldt als de grens waarbij elektrische auto’s goedkoper zijn dan hun benzine of diesel tegenhanger, waarbij rekening gehouden wordt met aanschaf en gebruik.
� Op dit moment ligt de prijs voor een accu pakket op 500 euro per kilowattuur. Voor een batterijpakket van 26,5 kilowattuur bij de Volkswagen Golf Blue e-motion betaal je dan zo’n €13.250. Bij €100 per kilowattuur zakt de prijs voor hetzelfde pakket naar € 2.650.
� De voorspelling van Krebs is een stuk optimistischer dan eerdere ramingen van de automobielindustrie. Volgens andere concerns duurt het zeker nog vijf jaar langer voordat accu’s de grens van € 100 per kilowattuur bereikt hebben.
� Bron: Produktion.de (via ZERauto en petrochem.nl)
Volkswagen prediction
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Market segmentation & Charging ProductsEV Charging Infrastructure
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Use cases in electric vehicle chargingDifferent solutions for each specific use case
Highway
� DC fast charging
� 15-30 minutes
Office
� AC & DC charging
� 30-120 min. (fast)
� 8 hours (workday)
Commercial
� DC & AC charging
� 30-120 min.
Home
� AC & DC charging
� 8 hours (overnight)
� 2 hours (top-off)
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Use cases in electric vehicle chargingABB products for the highway use case
Highway
� DC fast charging
� 15-30 minutes
Office
� AC & DC charging
� 30-120 min. (fast)
� 8 hours (workday)
Commercial
� DC & AC charging
� 30-120 min.
Home
� AC & DC charging
� 8 hours (overnight)
� 2 hours (top-off)
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Highway segmentA solution for any use case
Terra 100.2Dual DCHighway Charger
• 2x 50kW DC
• 15-30 min.
Terra 52DC + AC Highway Charger
� 50kW DC + 22kW AC
� 15-30 min.
Terra 51DCHighway Charger
� 50kW DC
� 15-30 min.
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Use cases in electric vehicle chargingABB products for the commercial and office use case
Highway
� DC fast charging
� 15-30 minutes
Office
� AC & DC charging
� 30-120 min. (fast)
� 8 hours (workday)
Commercial
� DC & AC charging
� 30-120 min.
Home
� AC & DC charging
� 8 hours (overnight)
� 2 hours (top-off)
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Commercial and Office segmentA solution for any use case
Terra SC DuoDC + AC Commercial Charger
� 20kW DC + 22kW AC
� 30-120 min.
NEWNEW
Terra SCDCCommercial Charger
� 20kW DC
� 30-120 min.
Terra SC with AC optionDC + ACCommercial Charger
� 20kW DC + 2x 3.7kW AC
� 30-120 min (+6-8 hrs)
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Use cases in electric vehicle chargingDifferent solutions for each specific use case
Highway
� DC fast charging
� 15-30 minutes
Office
� AC & DC charging
� 30-120 min. (fast)
� 8 hours (workday)
Commercial
� DC & AC charging
� 30-120 min.
Home
� AC & DC charging
� 8 hours (overnight)
� 2 hours (top-off)
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Commercial and Office SegmentA solution for any use case
AC Charge Pole
� 3-10 kW
� 4-8 h. use case
AC Wall-box
� 3-6 kW
� 4-8 h. use case
WORKINGON….
WORKINGON….
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Overview of all productsA solution for any use case
High way segment
Commercial & Office segment Commercial & Office segment(AC-only)
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Making moneyWhere are we now / Optimal charging infrastructures
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Why invest in DC fast chargers?The business case based on real life data from the field
Charger #1
� Start: 0,3 sessions/ day
� Q1 2012: 4 sessions / day
Business case: DC fast chargers in the Netherlands
� Network of 23 DC Fast chargers installed in 2011
� In total 550 DC fast chargeable CHAdeMO cars on road in 2011
Charger #2
� Start: 1 session / day
� Q1 2012: 8 sessions / day
Charger Sessions per day
jan. 2012
Price per session to consumer
Revenue/ year Profit/year
#1 4 €6 € 8.760 € 5.840
#2 8 €6 € 17.520 € 11.680
Operators charge €6 per session, the electricity cost of a session is approximately €2
ConclusionWith only 550 cars in the
country you can already make an attractive case with around
3-4 years return on investment
ConclusionWith only 550 cars in the
country you can already make an attractive case with around
3-4 years return on investment
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How to go about public charging infrastructure?All stakeholders push for capital efficiency & smart roll-out
Governments:“We have to spend tax-payers money wisely, especially
today”
Businesses:“A cost-effective
approach will speed up commercial viability”
Consumers: “We need
infrastructure at the right locations and with affordable tariffs”
???Capital efficiency & smart roll-out is key for
all stakeholders !
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The use case and habitat of various chargersEach location & solution has a typical service capacity
Office & home charger Highway fast charger
Service capacity of charger mainly dependant on
location
Service capacity of charger is mainly dependant on speed of the charger
Public curbside charger Retail & commercial fast charger
Service capacity of charger mainly dependant on
location
Service capacity of charger dependant on type of
location and charger speed
Realistic service capacity:
1 vehicle / day
Realistic service capacity:
12 vehicles / day
Realistic service capacity:
2 vehicles / day
Realistic service capacity:
5 vehicles / day
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The use case and habitat of various chargersEach infrastructure solution has it’s own parameters
AC wallbox (office / home) Fast charger 50kW (highway)
• Typical cost level including installation: € 1.500• Charge time :4-8 h.• Realistic service capability: 1 vehicle/day
• Typical cost level including installation: € 35.000• Charge time: 15-30 min.• Realistic service capability: 12 vehicles/day
AC charge pole (public) Fast charger 20 kW (retail /commercial)
•Typical cost level including installation: € 8.000• Charge time :4-8 h.• Realistic service capability: 2 vehicles/day
•Typical cost level including installation: € 14.000• Charge time: 30-120 min.• Realistic service capability: 5 vehicles/day
Often located at high cost parking space
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How to go about public charging infrastructure?The majority of mainstream cars will have only 3,3kW AC capability
Car Market introduction AC regular charge capability(limited by onboard charger)
Fast charge / re-fill capability
Nissan Leaf 2011 3,3 kW DC, 0-50 kW
Nissan e-NV200 2014 3,3 kW DC, 0-50 kW
Mitsubishi iMiev 2011 3,3 kW DC, 0-50 kW
Peugeot iOn 2011 3,3 kW DC, 0-50 kW
Citroen C-Zero 2011 3,3 kW DC, 0-50 kW
Opel/ Vauxhall Ampera
1H 2012 3,3 kW Gasoline (combustion engine)
Toyota plug-in prius 1H 2012 3,3 kW Gasoline (combustion engine)
Toyota IQ-EV 2013 3,3kW DC, 0-50 kW
Volvo V60 plug-in 2013 3,3kW Gasoline (combustion engine)
Renault Fluence 1H 2012 3,3kW None
Renault Kangoo 1H 2012 3,3kW , 0-43kW from 2013 0-43kW from 2013, AC
Renault Zoe 2H 2012 0-43kW 0- 43kW, AC
BMW i3 2013 3,3kW DC, >50 kW
BMW i8 2014 3,3kW Gasoline (combustion engine)
VW E-up 2013 3,3kW DC, >50 kW
VW E-golf 2013 3,3kW DC, >50 kW
Audi E-tron 2013 3,3 kW DC, >50 kW
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The 22kW AC charge pole concept is a strange animalOffering different charge speed depending on car type
22 kW AC public charge pole
offers1 hour charging time
Offers 6-8 hours charging time
The cost of the charge pole and especially the required grid connection is determined to very large extent by the 22 kW specification
This additional cost seems only to the benefit of 1 type of car
All other EV cars
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The 22kW AC charge pole mixes up two use casesA non-discriminating set-up improves cost and user satisfaction
This set-up is non-discriminating with respect to car type and charging speed which will lead to smarter investment and a clear expectancy patterns by the users
3,3 kW AC charge pole or
wallbox
20 kW AC & DC combined charger
22 kW AC public charge pole
1 hour charging time
6-8 hours charging time
Equal support for all cars
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Example of capital efficiency calculationsScenario 1: Enabling a city (Brussels) for 500 EV’s
Solution 1: � Installing 150 public AC charge poles can support 500 EV’s in the region
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Example of capital efficiency calculationsScenario 2: Enabling a city (Brussels) for 500 EV’s
Solution 2: � Installing 5 high speed fast chargers at the city ring� Installing 30 pieces of combined AC&DC 20 kW fast chargers at the cities most attractive commercial and retail locations� Installing 100 AC wallbox 3,3 kW chargers at corporate offices across the city � This infrastructure can support 500 EV’s as well
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Example of capital efficiency calculationsConclusion: Scenario 2 is 35% more capital efficient
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3 checks for capital efficient infrastructure deploymentAvoiding over-investment and low user satisfaction
1. Check the use case
2. Check car compatibility requirements
3. Validate capital efficiency of investment
Offer the right charging speed at the right location
Implementation plan
Which car types should be supported at this
location?
Is the cost/benefit equation ok?
?
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Connectivity is KeyManage, monitor and connect to your business
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We believe that connectivity is key in this marketBack-office / Payment systems / Customer Services / …
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Connectivity offers a different way of doing business
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Authorization/billingAuthorization/billing Dynamic powerDynamic powerReservationReservation AvailabilityAvailability
Connectivity is also an enabler in the EV-market
Delftweg 65, RijswijkOpenings hours: 24/7
Delftweg 65, RijswijkOpenings hours: 24/7
These services require connectivity with your charg er!These services require connectivity with your charg er!
E-invoice
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Data ArchitectureDesigned for reliability and security
API (Application Program Interface)Connection to Back Office systems etc.API (Application Program Interface)Connection to Back Office systems etc.
Galaxy (Online Management Tool)Web based interface to access real-time status information and usage statisticsGalaxy (Online Management Tool)Web based interface to access real-time status information and usage statistics
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Different payment methods for DC fast chargersHow to handle the challenge
Fact:Payment amounts are relatively small
(a few Euro’s) Let’s call them “ Micro-payments”
The challenge:How to make money with
charging, while investing in a charging infrastructure,
back-office systems, and integration efforts to connect
both?
Question:Can you afford to invest in expensive back-office
solutions, dedicated, tailor-made, and time &
money consuming integration efforts?
Solution:
Cloud-based computing
Standardizationof integration
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Why we offer it via the Cloud
Instantly active
� No hardware investment
� No software installation
� Operational by activation
Secure
� Secure connections (HTTPS)
� Secure data center (ISO27001)
� Performance monitoring by the NOC
Easy
� Benefit from latest developments
� Enables a short TTM
� No supplier lock-in
Open standards
� Access to your data
� Internet based
� Support OCPP protocol
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Why we offer it via the Cloud
Source: SFDC
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Many different payment models will be implementedWe need standards and open interfaces
Main priorities:• Create standardized
interfaces short-term
• Interoperability
• Based on open protocols
• Vendor independent, no lock-in mechanisms
• No license fees
• No long and too complicated integration projects
B2C
B2B
open interface
open
inte
rfac
e
many more....
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It is all about making your business workWe are looking forward to empowering you!