NURSING AS A PROFESSION
MR.PRASANTH.K
Nursing tutor
SNI
Professional Nursing TodayLegal Implications for Nursing
Practice Healthcare Delivery System
What is a Nurse?
How are nurse’s portrayed in the media?
What makes a nurse a professional?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1-uMKg86Ck
Extended education Theoretical body of knowledge Provides a specific service Autonomy in decision making and practice Code of ethics
Nursing as a Profession
Scope & Standards of Practice Standards of Practice
Standards of Professional Performance
Code of Ethics
ANAStandards of Professional Performance Quality of practice Professional Practice Evaluation Education Collegiality Ethics Collaboration Research Resource Utilization Leadership
Professional Nursing Practice Nurse Practice Acts
Licensure and Certification
Science and Art of Nursing practice
Nursing Today Registered Nurse Licensed Practical Nurse Nurse Practitioner Clinical Nurse Specialist Nurse Midwife CRNA
Current Trends & Issues in Healthcare Nursing Shortage Patient Satisfaction Managed Care Transcultural Nursing National Patient Safety Initiatives Evidence-Based Practice Information Age Genetics Globalization of Health Aging Population Legal & Ethical Issues Terrorism/Bioterrorism/Disaster Nursing
Nursing Roles Caregiver Clinical Decision Maker Client Advocate Rehabilitator Comforter Communicator Collaborator Teacher
Professional Roles & Responsibilities Autonomy & Accountability Caregiver Client Advocate Educator Manager/Clinical Decision Maker Communicator Collaborator Career Development
Autonomy & Accountability Autonomy is the essential element of professional
nursing Person is reasonably independent and self-
governing in decision making & practice Increased autonomy=Increased responsibility Accountability- nurse is responsible professionally
& legally for type & quality of care provided Regulated through Standards of Practice and
Nurse Practice Act
Clinical Decision Maker
Utilizes critical thinking skills and the nursing process
Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
Client Advocate Nurse protects the clients human and legal
rights Providing information to assist in decision
making Patient Bill of Rights
Rehabilitator Role
Assist client to return to optimal level of functioning
Nurse helps client to adapt physically and emotionally to changes in lifestyle, body image
Comforter Role
Caring for client as a human being
Role is traditional to nursing
Care is directed to whole person, not just a body part
Demonstration of care and concern
Communicator Role Role is central to all other roles Involves communication with client, family,
healthcare team members, resource people, and the community
Without clear, concise communication it will be difficult to give effective care
Teacher/Educator Role Explains concepts and facts about health,
demonstrates procedures, reinforces learning, determines understanding, and evaluates progress of learning
Unplanned or informal education Planned or formal education
Nursing Career Roles Clinician Nurse Educator Advanced Practice Nurse Nurse Administrator Nurse Researcher Military Nurse Forensic Nursing
Healthcare Team Members Nurses Physicians Physician Assistant Therapists and Technicians Pharmacist Nutritionist/Dietitian Case Manager/Social Worker Pastoral Care Nursing Assistant Unit Secretary Ancillary Staff
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
MEANING
ACCREDITATION: Official approval given by an organization stating that organization (nursing college) has achieved a required standard.
STANDARD: It is an established norm or requirement. It usually establishes uniform criteria, methods , processes and practices.
INDIAN NURSING COUNCILThe Indian nursing council is an autonomous body under
the government of India, ministry of Health and Family welfare was constituted by the central government, under section 3(1) of the Indian nursing council Act-1947 of parliament in order to establish a uniform standard of training for nurses, midwives and health visitors.
AIMS,OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF INC To establish and monitor a uniform standard of Nursing
education for nurses, midwives, auxiliary nurse- midwives and health visitors by doing inspection of institution.
To recognize the qualification under section 10(2) (4) of the Indian nursing council act 1947 for the purpose of registration and employment in India and abroad.
To give approval for registration of Indian foreign nurses
possessing foreign qualification under section 11(2)(a) of the Indian nursing council act 1947.
AIMS,OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF INC (conti…) To prescribe the syllabus and registration
for nursing programmes. Power to withdraw the recognition of
qualification under section 14 of the act in case the institution fails to maintain its standards under section 14(1)(b) that an institution recognized by state council for the training of nurse, midwives or health visitors does not satisfy the requirement of the council.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
PRESIDENT
VICE- PRESIDENT
SECRETORY
ASSIS.SECRETORY
OFFICE STAFF
COMMITIES EXECUTIVE COMMITE THE NURSING EDUCATION COMMITE EQUIVALENCE COMMITE
INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL ACT-1947
STATE NURSING COUNCIL
FUNCTIONS1.Regulation of training programme of the
diploma, Graduate and Post Graduate Courses.
2. Supervision of the practice of the profession by its Member.
3. Granting recognition to the training institutions and periodical Inspection there on, as the Council is governing authority of physical and clinical facilities in almost all the nursing courses conducted in the institution.
FUNCTIONS 4. Proscribing syllabus and curriculum for
various nursing courses and conducting qualifying examination there for.
5. Registration and granting certificate to qualified persons to practice their profession and to watch and take action against practice of profession by quacks and check mal-practice as well and to take action.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE PRESIDENT
VICE-PRESIDENT
MEMBERS
ADMINISRATIVE STAFF
PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
TRAINED NURESES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA
Establishment and Formation (TNAI)
The Association had its beginning in the Association of Nursing Superintendents which was founded in 1905, at Lucknow. The organisation was composed of nine European Nurses holding administrative posts in hospitals.
There was a need to develop Nursing as a profession and also to provide a forum where professional Nurses could meet and plan to achieve these ends.
The movement gathered momentum and soon Nurses, other than Nursing Superintendents, were seeking to share in:
upholding in every way the dignity and honour of the Nursing profession;
promoting a sense of esprit de corps among all Nurses; and
enabling members to take counsel together on matters relating to their profession.
THE STUDENT NURSES ASSOCIATIONPURPOSES AND FUNCTIONS To help students nurses learn how the
professional organizations serve To promote a close rapport To furnish student nurses advice in their
coures of study leading up to professional qualifications
To encourage leadership ability
Cont,,, To increase the student nurses social contacts
and general knowledge To encourage both professional and recreational
meeting games and sports To provide a special section in the nursing
journal of india for the benefit of students To encourage students to compete for prizes in
the student nurses exihibition and to attend national and conferences
Cont,,, To help student nurses develop a co
operative spirit with other student nurses which will help them in future professional relationships
To provide a means of having a voice in what the association stands for the does
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NURSES (I C N) OBJECTIVES: 1. Promote-development strong national nurses
associations. 2. Assist national nurses association- improve the standards of nursing, competence of nurses. 3. Assist national nurses associations improve the status of nurses 4. Authoritative voice for nurses and nursing internationally.
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NURSES (I C N) ACTIVITIES: 1. Makes policy statements - health and social
issues. 2. Offers - variety of seminars 3. Maintaining and improving the status of Nursing around the world
THE COMMONWEALTH NURSES FEDERATION AIMS: 1. Promote sharing, better communications closer relationships-
member associations. 2. Expert professional advice. 3. Scholarships-advanced study. 4. Financial assistance-professional meetings and seminars. 5. Running an office-funds received and dispersed benefit of nursing
LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN NURSING
LAW
REASON FOR LAW SUITS Need to blame Expectation of perfection Lack of personalism Well educated public Nurses are more responsible and
accountable Increased independence Autonomy
LEGAL ISSUES
ETHICS
Introduction:-Introduction:- Ethics is the science relating to moral actions
and one’s value systems. In a professional practice like nursing, Ethical
decisions is the part of the daily nursing care. Nursing code of ethics provides the guidelines
for safe and compassionate care.
Definition:-
“Ethics is the study of the good conduct, character and good motives. It will also determine what is good and valuable for nursing”.
Code of ethics: - An international code of ethics for nurses was
first adopted by the International Council of Nurses (I C N) in 1953.
Reaffirmed at various times since, most recently with this review and revision completed in 2005
In India, nurses are following the International Council of Nurses Codes for Nurses 1993.
I C N code of Ethics:- I C N code of Ethics:-
I C N CODE: - The I C N Code of Ethics for Nurses has
four principal elements 1) Nurses and people, 2) Nurses and practice, 3) Nurses and the profession, 4) Nurses and co-workers.
VERACITY
Veracity refers to telling the truth
It requires the health care provider to tell the truth & not intentionally deceive or mislead clients
FIDELITY
Fidelity is the duty to keep promises .
It is the individual’s obligation to keep the commitments he/she has made.
It is the strict observance of promises or duties.
It is the faithfulness to agreements and responsibilities one has undertaken
CONFIDENTIALITY It means that information entrusted to professionals
in the line of duty should not be revealed to others.
Share private information on a ‘need to know basis’
In the course of caring for a patient, nurses get to know many things about that person.
The patient must feel that he or she and the nurse are in a relationship of trust and confidence for such information to be shared
“Elevator talk” is the most common spoken breach of confidentiality.
JUSTICE
It is the professional obligation to provide fair, equitable and appropriate treatment to all individuals regardless of their sex, race, social class or religion.
It includes Not favouring some individuals/groups over
others Acting in a non–discriminatory / non-
prejudicial way Respect for peoples rights Respect for the law
PURPOSE OF ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
To establish common ground between nurse, patient, family, other health care professionals, and society
To discuss ethical questions and make ethical decisions
To permit people to take a consistent position on specific or related Issues
To provide an analytical framework by which moral problems can be evaluated
Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: -
Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: -
Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:-
Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:-
Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: -
Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: - Rights:-
Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: - Rights:- Fidelity: -
Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: - Rights:- Fidelity: - Confidentiality: -
Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: - Rights:- Fidelity: - Confidentiality: - Veracity: -
Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: - Rights:- Fidelity: - Confidentiality: - Veracity: -
Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: - Autonomy: - Freedom:- Beneficence:- Justice: - Rights:- Fidelity: - Confidentiality: - Veracity: - Nonmaleficence:-
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES Ethical principles are rules ,standards or
guidelines for action that are derived from theoretical propositions about what is good for humans
PURPOSES Establishes standards for the behavior of nurses Provides a general guidelines for nursing actions
in ethical dilemmas. Helps to distinguish between right and wrong at a
given time. Enables to take correct and uniform decision
within groups. Helps to protect the rights of
individuals ,families ,community and the nurses
1. Ann.J.Zwemier,Professional Adjustments and Ethics for Nurses in India,Page no: 232-254. 2. Zerwekh C Laborn,Nursing Today,Transition and Trends,Lippincott Publishers,Page no: 262-267,401-424. 3. Patricia,Leadership and Management,Elsevier Publishers,Page no: 475-476,80,183,376. 4. Lancastar,Nursing issues in leading and managing change,Page no: 305-312.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
5. Professional Nursing,Concepts and Challenges,
Fifth edition,
Page no: 393-419.
6. Advanced Nursing Practice,an integrative approach,
Fourth edition,
Page no: 267-268.
JOURNAL:
7. Article “Nursing and their professional organisations”
AJN American Journal of Nursing,
April 1946 - Volume 46 - Issue 4 - pages 229-232.
WEBSITES:
7. Topic Professional Organisations and Regulatory Bodies at
www.contemporarynurse.com
8. Topic The Current State of Nursing Empowerment Related to Nursing Care
www.medscape.com