Establishing a Capacity Roadmap
ATC Manager Michael Shee
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• 1300 Hectares • 2 Runways • 4 Terminals • 40% Heavy traffic • 53.7m pax movement (4.9%) • 343,800 commercial aircraft movements (5.9%)
Changi Today
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Scheduled Commercial Movements at Changi
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Building Blocks for Capacity Enhancements
Runway
Terminal Area
En-route
• Consideration: Airspace
complexities Air Traffic Control
(ATC) work processes
ATC workload and performance
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Approach to Capacity Building • Determine the current capacity • Identify measures to be implemented to enhance
capacity • Develop action plan to implement measures
• Take phased approach to increase scheduling rate • Formulate and design enablers • Increase ATCO manpower and enhance training • Expose ATCOs to an environment of high intensity
operations • Measure performance to determine effectiveness
Capacity Roadmap
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64
35
45
55
65
75
85
200000
300000
400000
500000Annual ATM
85 80 75 70 65 60 55
2018
Capacity Enhancement Approach
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• Route restructuring • Reduction in Horizontal
Separation
• No Pre-departure Clearance
• Streamlining departure clearance
• Reconfiguration of Approach Sector
• Continuous Descent Operations
• Gate-hold Procedures • Pushback procedures • 1-minute departure
separation
Enhancing Capacity Surface
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Factors affecting Runway Capacity
20R
Wake Vortex
Separation Minima
Runway Occupancy
Sequencing
Runway Configuration
Airport Layout Scheduling & Traffic Mix Weather Airspace & ATC Procedures Environmental Constraints
Runway Capacity Enhancement • Optimising pushback procedures to enhance capacity
through flexibility • Mixed-mode runway operations to maximize both
Runways utilization • Gate-hold procedures, pushback time varied to reduce
waiting time and congestion on the taxiway, as well as to reduce fuel burn.
• Enhancements to ATC sequencing to minimize overall separation intervals: Move away from first-come-first-served basis
Maximising Runway Occupancy Time • Fostering awareness among stakeholders on need to
improve performance • Publish ROT recommendations in AIP • Set performance target for major airlines according to
fleet mix
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30
50
70
90
110
130
150
BO
X
SQ
C
EV
A
CC
A
AA
R
AN
A
CA
L
JAL
BA
W
BK
P
QTR
AH
K
THY
CR
K
CE
S
MD
L
PA
L
MA
S
AIC
BTV
CS
N
HV
N
ALK GIA
SLK
VLU FI
N
JAI
JSA
JST
SR
Q
TGW
TSE
RO
T (S
econ
ds)
12
30
50
70
90
110
130
150
NC
A
DLH KA
L
JAL
FDX
BV
T
AH
K
QTR
AN
A
THY
KLM
FFM
CA
D
ETD
SC
O
PA
L
FIN
CE
B
RB
A
CP
A
CS
N
ALK GIA LN
I
AIC
SLK
VLU
TGW
JSA
UP
S
SR
Q
RO
T (S
econ
ds)
Airlines (n>9)
Average and Variance ROT
2012 Average
ROT 65.62s
2013 Average
ROT 64.84s
Collaboration with the Airport Operator
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Increase Runway availability Periodic closures for runway maintenance, inspection and FOD retrieval Coordinate timing and duration of runway closures to maximise runway availability
Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) Dynamic information sharing across airport community Enhance decision making, response to changes and deployment of resources
Enhancing Capacity Departure & Arrival
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Enhancing Capacity with Departure Spacing • Minimising ground delay with reduction in
departure separation for same wake category 90 seconds 60 seconds
45°
Simultaneous Departures
15°
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Airspace Design with PBN
Changi Airport
Before
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After
Enhancing Capacity Enroute
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Enhancing En-route Capacity
• Utilizing Performance Based Navigation (PBN) to optimise route design
• Profile segregation, separate arrivals and departures against overflights
• Enhancing surveillance and communications to enable separation reduction ADS-C / CPDLC ADS-B
• Collaboration with neighbouring ANSPs
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RNP10 50NM Longitudinal Spacing with Manila
SIN
MNL
Before Restructuring
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After Restructuring
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Reduction of Longitudinal Separation between SIN-CGK
40NM spacing implemented in Aug 2012 20NM spacing implemented in Dec 2013
SIN
CGK
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RNAV5 Routes over Peninsula Malaysia
SIN
KUL
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ADS-B Implementation • Implementation in South China Sea area
Exclusive ADS‐B operations at FL290 and above – Dec 2013
RADAR
Capacity Enhancement with ADS-B
• Enhancing surveillance coverage beyond the conventional radar
• Optimising capacity and increase opportunity for ADS-B equipped & approved flights to cruise at optimum levels • Implemented on 12 December 2013
• Benefit departure on ATS Routes M753 & M771
10 minutes 10 minutes
10 minutes Delay*
40 NM (5 mins)
5 minutes Delay*
40 NM (5 mins)
ADS-B
WITHOUT ADS-B
RADAR
WITH ADS-B
Enhancing Capacity Process Enhancement
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Enhancing of ATC Processes
• No Pre-Departure Coordination with adjacent ATC centres, reduce coordination workload
• Streamlined pre-departure clearance and reduce R/T clutter
• Maximising ATC productivity with technologies and advanced ATM Tools ATC Clearance through Data Link New ATC System - LORADS III
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Capacity Roadmap
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64
35
45
55
65
75
85
200000
300000
400000
500000Annual ATM
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50
2018
Conclusion
• Taking a phased approach in growing capacity • Identify measures that can support capacity
enhancement • Plan and prepare implementation, taking into
considerations procedures, resources, training, etc. • Measure effectiveness of initiatives using metrics such
as ROT performance, delay, workload and feedback from users
• Collaboration with stakeholders to work together on capacity building journey.
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Thank you