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EssentialsofLatentPrintExaminationCourseSyllabusV6
Essentials of Latent Print Examination: Establishing Admissibility
Syllabus & Bibliography
Therearetwoprimarydomainsofknowledgethatsupportthevalidityoflatentprintdiscipline:1)sciencedemonstratingthediscriminatingpoweroffrictionridgeimpressionsand2)sciencedemonstratingtrainedanalystsarecapableofprovidingaccurateconclusions.Whilemanyanalystslearnthisinformationaspartoftraining,theyoftenstrugglearticulatingthesecomplexconceptstothetrieroffact.
Thisintensefive-daycoursewillreviewkeyconceptsandresearchunderlyingbothdomainsthatcanbeusedtosupportlatentprintadmissibility.Theinstructorwillfacilitatediscussionsandmentorattendees.Attendees will devise questions and answers covering the concepts and practice testimony. A fewcomparisonexercisesareprovidedtoreinforcetheacademics.Additionally,acourtcaseillustratingreal-worldapplicationofthesetestimonymethodsiswoventhroughouttheweek.Thecontentofthecourseisorganizedintofourblocksthatlogicallybuildononeanothertopromotelearning.Eachblockisreinforcedwithatestimonypractical.
Day10800–0930 CourseOverviewandIntroduction0930–1100 EmpiricalObservations–History,Biometrics,andProfessionalOrganizations1100–1200 Lunch1200–1300 TheoreticalKnowledge(Biology)-DevelopmentalNoise–Establishing
Uniqueness1300–1400 TheoreticalKnowledge(Biology)–Homeostasis–EstablishingPersistency1400–1500 BiologicalDistortionLecture:BreakdownofPersistency1500–1700 GroupWork#1–Scenario:Developalineofquestions&answerstolay
foundationforadmittingfingerprintevidenceusingempiricalknowledge(history,biometrics,andprofessionalorganizations)andtheoreticalknowledge(biologicalconcepts).
Day20800–0900 FeedbackSessionforGroupWork#10900–1000 TestimonyPractical#11000–1100 TwinStudies–embryologicaldevelopmentoftwinsandstudiesmeasuring
thesimilaritiesanddifferencesoftwinfingerprints1100–1200 ModelinginScienceandElementsofaRobustFingerprintModel1200–1300 Lunch1300–1400 HistoricalFingerprintModelsandPatternandMinutiaDistributionStudies1400–1500 ModernStatisticalModels–recentstatisticalmodelsmeasuringthe
discriminatingpoweroffingerprints1500–1700 GroupWork#2–Scenario:Ajudgedoesnotunderstandwhyfingerprint
analystsdonotreportstatisticslikeDNAandmayexcludethefingerprinttestimony.Developalineofquestions&answersregardingfingerprintstatisticalstudiestosupportadmittingfingerprintevidencewithoutaspecificfingerprintstatisticalmodel.
EvolveForensicswww.EvolveForensics.comAlice@EvolveForensics.comMobile702.769.9469
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EssentialsofLatentPrintExaminationCourseSyllabusV6
Day30800–0900 FeedbackSessionforGroupWork#20900–1000 TestimonyPractical#21000–1100 TheoriesofExpertsandExpertPerformance1100–1200 Lunch1200–1300 BasicConceptsinVisionScience1300–1400 VisualExpertiseinFingerprints1400–1500 JourneyfromNovicetoExpert-theskillsanewanalystobtainsduringa
latentprint(ortenprint)trainingprogram.1500–1700 GroupWork#3–Scenario:Ajudgehasindicatedshemaylimitthe
expert’stestimonytosimplydemonstratingthedetailfoundinagreementandwillpermitthejurytodetermineifthedefendantisidentifiedtoalatentprint.Developalineofquestions&answerstoconvinceajudgenottolimittheexpert’stestimony.
Day40800–0900 FeedbackSessionforGroupWork#30900–1000 TestimonyPractical#31000–1100 IntroductiontoErrorRates1100–1200 PCASTandConfidenceIntervals1200–1300 Lunch1300–1400 IntroductiontoHumanFactors1400–1500 QualityManagementSystems1500–1700 GroupWork#4–Scenario:Duringopeningstatements,adefenseattorney
hastoldthejurythatstudieshaveshownthatLPEsmakefalseidentificationsinasmanyas1in306casesoreven1in18cases.Developalineofquestionsandanswerstohandlethesestatementsduringdirecttestimony.Includemethodstoreduceerrorsinanoperationalsetting.
Day50800–0900 FeedbackSessionforGroupWork#40900-1100 TestimonyPractical#41100–1200 Lunch1200–1300 ReviewofGlennLangenburg’sPhDthesis1300–1400 ReviewofAustinHicklin’sPhDthesis1400–1600 CourseReview1600–1700 Closingremarksandcertificates
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EssentialsofLatentPrintExaminationCourseSyllabusV6
BibliographyIntroduction
• OIG.AReviewoftheFBI’sHandlingoftheBrandonMayfieldCase.2006,ExecutiveSummary&Chapter4
• NRC.StrengtheningForensicScienceintheUnitedStates:APathForward2009,Chapters1,2,3,4,FrictionRidgeAnalysissectionofChapter5
• DOJ.SupportingDocumentationforProposedUniformLanguageforTestimonyandReportsfortheForensicLatentPrintDiscipline.2016
• DOJ.ApprovedUniformLanguageforTestimonyandReportsfortheForensicLatentPrintDiscipline.2018
• PCAST.ForensicScienceinCriminalCourts:EnsuringScientificValidityofFeatureComparisonMethods.2016
• OSACFRS.ResponsetoPCAST.2016• AAAS.ForensicScienceAssessments:AQualityandGapAnalysis:LatentFingerprint
Examination.2017• AAAS.LettertoDOJ.2018• Wilkinson,Dellaet.al.ExpertFingerprintTestimonyPost-PCAST–ACanadianCaseStudy.JFI
86(3)2018• Pozner,LarryandDodd,Roger.Cross-Examination:ScienceandTechniques,3rdEdition.
LexisNexis,NewYork2018PhilosophyofScience
• Curd,Martin&Cover,J.A.PhilosophyofScience:TheCentralIssues.W.W.NortonandCompany,NewYork1998
• Golan,Tal.LawsofMenandLawsofNature:TheHistoryofScientificExpertTestimonyinEnglandandAmerica.HarvardUniversity,Massachusetts2004.
• Mayr,Ernst.ThisisBiology:TheScienceoftheLivingWorld.TheBelknapPressofHarvardUniversity,Massachusetts1997.
EmpiricalObservations
• Barnes,Jeffrey.NationalInstituteofJustice.FrictionRidgeSourcebook.Chapter1–History2011
• Champod,Christopheetal.FingerprintsandOtherRidgeSkinImpressions.CRCPress,NewYork,2016.Chapter2–FrictionRidgeIdentificationProcess
• IAI1973StandardizationCommitteeReport• IAI1979ResolutionVII• IAI2010StandardizationIICommitteeReport• IAI2010Resolution2010-18• IAI2017PositionStatement• Moses,Ken.NationalInstituteofJustice.FrictionRidgeSourcebook.Chapter6–AFIS2011
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EssentialsofLatentPrintExaminationCourseSyllabusV6
TheoreticalKnowledge-Biology
• Ashbaugh,David.Quantitative-QualitativeFrictionRidgeAnalysis,CRCPress,NewYork1999.Chapter3
• Ashbaugh,David.IncipientRidgesandtheClaritySpectrum.JFI42(2)106-114• Babler,William.EmbryonicDevelopmentofEpidermalRidgesandTheirConfigurations.
BirthDefects:OriginalArticleSeries.27(2)95-112,1991• Ball,Phillip.TheSelf-MadeTapestry:PatternFormationinNature.OxfordUniversityPress,
NewYork1999Chapter1–Patterns• Champod,Christopheetal.FingerprintsandOtherRidgeSkinImpressions.CRCPress,New
York,2016.Chapter1–FrictionRidgeSkinandPrints• Kimura,Sumikoet.al.Comparativeinvestigationsofhumanandratdermatoglyphics:
palmar,plantaranddigitalpadsandflexioncreases.AnatomicalScienceInternational77(2002)34-46
• Hallgrimsson&Hall.Variation:ACentralConceptinBiology(Chapter10WithinIndividualVariation:DevelopmentalNoiseVersusDevelopmentalStabilitybyWillmore&Hallgrimssonprovidedinpdf)Elsevier,NewYork,2005
• Kucken,MichaelandChampod,Christophe.Merkelcellsandtheindividualityoffrictionskin.JournalofTheoreticalBiology.317(2013)229-237.
• Kucken,MichaelandNewell,Alan.Fingerprintformation.JournalofTheoreticalBiology.235(2005)71-83.
• Maceo,Alice.NationalInstituteofJustice.FrictionRidgeSourcebook.2011.Chapter2–AnatomyandPhysiologyofAdultFrictionRidgeSkin
• Misimu,YukoandAkiyoshi,Toshio.ScanningElectronMicroscopeStructureoftheFingerprintasRelatedtotheDermalSurface.TheAnatomicalRecord.208(1984)49-55
• Okajima,Michio.DermalandEpidermalStructuresoftheVolarSkin.BirthDefects:OriginalArticleSeries,VolumeXV,Number6(1979)179-198
• Raser,JonathanandO’Shea,Erin.NoiseinGeneExpression:Origins,Consequences,andControl.Science.Vol.39(2005)2010–2013
• Silva,Laraet.al.Longitudinalandretrospectivestudyhasdemonstratedmorphometricvariationsinthefingerprintsofelderlyindividuals.FSI259(2016)41-46
• Singh,Kajal.AlteredFingerprints.Interpol.2008• Stucker,Markus,etal.InterpapillaryLines–TheVariablePartoftheHumanFingerprint.JFS
46(4):857-861,2001• Werthiem,Kasey.NationalInstituteofJustice.FrictionRidgeSourcebook.2011.Chapter3
–EmbryologyandMorphologyModelinginScience
• Ball,Phillip.TheSelf-MadeTapestry:PatternFormationinNature.OxfordUniversityPress,NewYork1999Chapter1–Patterns
• Hallgrimsson&Hall.Variation:ACentralConceptinBiology(Chapters3and4)Elsevier,NewYork,2005
• Stoney,David.MeasurementofFingerprintIndividuality.AdvancesinFingerprintTechnology,CRCPress,NY2001-Chapter9(inpdf)
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EssentialsofLatentPrintExaminationCourseSyllabusV6
TwinStudies
• Holt,SarahandPenrose,L.S.TheGeneticsofDermalRidges1968.Chapters5-7(inpdf)• Jain,Anilet.al.Onthesimilarityofidenticaltwinfingerprints.PatternRecognition.35
(2002)2653-2663• Lin,C.H.etal.FingerprintComparisonI:SimilarityofFingerprints.JournalofForensic
Science27(2):290-304.April1982• Liu,YuandSrihari,Sargur.AComputationalDiscriminabilityAnalysisonTwinFingerprints.
ComputationalForensics.ProceedingsoftheThirdInternationalWorkshop,IWCF2009,Volume5718;43-54
• Pechenkina,Ekaterinaet.al.GeneticandEnvironmentalInfluenceontheAsymmetryofDermatoglyphicTraits.AmericanJournalofPhysicalAnthropology.2000
• Srihari,Sargur.DiscriminabilityofFingerprintsofTwins.JournalofForensicIdentification58(1)2008109-127
• Tao,Xunquianget.al.FingerprintRecognitionwithIdenticalTwinFingerprints.PLoSONE7(4):e35704.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035704
• Vanderkolk,John.ForensicComparativeScience.Elsevier,Boston2009.Chapter3PatternandMinutiaDistributionStudies
• Champod,ChristopheandMargot,Pierre.ComputerAssistedAnalysisofMinutiaOccurrencesonFingerprints.SymposiumonFingerprintDetectionandIdentification(1995)306-318
• Champod,ChristopheandMargot,Pierre.AnalysisofMinutiaOccurrencesonFingerprints–TheSearchforNon-CombinedMinutia.ProceedingsoftheMeetingoftheInternationalAssociationofForensicSciences(1996)1-4
• Champod,Christopheetal.FingerprintsandOtherRidgeSkinImpressions.CRCPress,NewYork,2016.Chapter2,AppendixA,andAppendixB
• Gutierrez,Esperanza.BiologicalvariabilityoftheminutiaeinthefingerprintsofasampleoftheSpanishpopulation.FSI172(2007)98-105
• Gutierrez-Redomero,Esperanzaet.al.DistributionofminutiaeinthefingerprintsofasampleoftheSpanishpopulation.FSI208(2010)79-90
ModernStatisticalStudies
• Abraham,Joshuaet.al.Modernstatisticalmodelsforforensicfingerprintexaminations:Acriticalreview.FSI232(2013)131-150
• Aitken,Colinet.al.FundamentalsofProbabilityandStatisticsEvidenceinCriminalProceedings.RoyalStatisticalSociety2010
• Champod,Christopheet.al.FingerprintsandOtherRidgeSkinImpressions.CRCPress,NewYork,2016.Chapter2
• Neumann,Cedricet.al.Quantifyingtheweightofevidencefromaforensicfingerprintcomparison:Anewparadigm.J.R.Statist.Soc.A175(2012)Part2371-415
• Neumann,Cedricet.al.Operationalbenefitsandchallengesoftheuseoffingerprintstatisticalmodels:Afieldstudy.FSI212(2011)32-46
• Neumann,Cedricet.al.Quantifyingtheweightoffingerprintevidencethroughthespatialrelationships,directions,andtypesofminutiaobservedonfingermarks.FSI248(2015)154-171
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EssentialsofLatentPrintExaminationCourseSyllabusV6
• Ramatowski,Roberted.AdvancesinFingerprintTechnology.CRCPress,NewYork2013–Chapter15StatisticsandProbabilitiesasaMeanstoSupportFingerprintExaminations
• Stoney,David.MeasurementofFingerprintIndividuality.AdvancesinFingerprintTechnology,CRCPress,NY2001-Chapter9(inpdf)
• Swofford,Henryet.al.Amethodforthestatisticalinterpretationoffrictionridgeskinimpressionsevidence:Methoddevelopmentandvalidation.FSI287(2018)113-126
Additional(free)ReferencesforProbabilityandStatistics
• ArtofTheProblem.ConditionalProbabilityExplainedVisually(BayesTheoremFormula).YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zxm4Xxvzohk
• Downey,Allen.LearningtoLoveBayesianStatistics.YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6d-AbkhBQ8
• KahnAcademy.ProbabilityExplained;IndependentandDependentEvents;ProbabilityandStatistics.YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk
• OpenStax.IntroductoryStatistics2016• OpenStaxAppliedProbability2012• Shaneyfeld,Terry.WhatareLikelihoodRatiosandHowareTheyUsed.YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzPvCSFZUSQVisionScience
• Huffman,Donald.VisualIntelligence:HowWeCreateWhatWeSee.WWNorton&Company,NewYork1998
• Livingstone,Margaret.VisionandArt:TheBiologyofSeeing.Abrams,NewYork2014.• Palmer,Stephen.VisionScience:PhotonstoPhenomenology.MIT,MS1999–Chapter1,
AppendixA.2• Wandell,Brian.FoundationsofVision.StanfordUniversity1995
VisualExpertiseinFingerprintAnalysts
• Busey,T.andVanderkolk,J.Behavioralandelectrophysicalevidenceforconfiguralprocessinginfingerprintexperts.VisionResearch2005
• Busey,T.andParada,F.Thenatureofexpertiseinfingerprintexaminers.PsychonomicBulletin&Review201017(2):155-160
• Busey,T.et.al.Consistencyandvariabilityamonglatentprintexaminersasrevealedbyeyetrackingmethodologies.JFI2011
• Busey,T.et.al.Theimpactoffatigueonlatentprintexaminationsasrevealedbybehavioralandeyegazetesting.FSI2015
• Tangen,Jasonet.al.Identifyingfingerprintexpertise.AssociationforPsychologicalScience2011.
• Vanderkolk,John.ForensicComparativeScience.Elsevier,Boston2009Chapter2
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EssentialsofLatentPrintExaminationCourseSyllabusV6
HumanFactors
• Langenburg,Glenn.ACriticalAnalysisandStudyoftheACE-VProcess.UniversityofLausannePhDThesis,2012.Chapters1and2
• NIST.LatentPrintExaminationandHumanFactors:ImprovingPracticethroughaSystemsApproach.February2012.
• Neumann,Cedricet.al.ImprovingtheUnderstandingandtheReliabilityoftheConceptofSufficiencyinFrictionRidgeExamination.2013
AnalystPerformance
• Langenburg,Glenn.ACriticalAnalysisandStudyoftheACE-VProcess.UniversityofLausannePhDThesis,2012.
• Hicklin,Austin.ImprovingtheRigoroftheLatentPrintExaminationProcess.UniversityofLausannePhDThesis,2017.
• Pacheco,Igoret.al.MiamiDadeResearchStudyfortheReliabilityoftheACE-VProcess:Accuracy&PrecisioninLatentFingerprintExaminations.NIJ2014