Era of Good FeelingsEra of Good Feelings
Unit IIIBUnit IIIBAP U.S. HistoryAP U.S. History
Era of Good FeelingsEra of Good Feelings
James Monroe (D-R) elected President after James Monroe (D-R) elected President after James Madison (D-R)James Madison (D-R)
Under increased nationalism and Under increased nationalism and disintegration of Federalists, nation in good disintegration of Federalists, nation in good spiritsspirits
Political, economical, and social debates Political, economical, and social debates lingerlinger
James Monroe (D-R) ElectionsJames Monroe (D-R) Elections1816 and 18201816 and 1820
Growth of American NationalismGrowth of American Nationalism
Effect of the “victory” over Effect of the “victory” over Great BritainGreat Britain
Exciting opportunities with Exciting opportunities with land and increased land and increased manufacturingmanufacturing
The arts and education The arts and education infused with patriotic infused with patriotic themesthemes
A STRONG Central GovernmentA STRONG Central Government John Marshall’s CourtJohn Marshall’s Court Fletcher v. Peck Fletcher v. Peck (1810)(1810)
Ruled state law unconstitutionalRuled state law unconstitutional Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee (1816) (1816)
Ruled Supreme Court’s jurisdiction over state courtsRuled Supreme Court’s jurisdiction over state courts McCullogh v. Maryland McCullogh v. Maryland (1819)(1819)
Bank of the United States constitutional under “necessary Bank of the United States constitutional under “necessary and proper”and proper”
States could not tax the Bank - Supremacy ClauseStates could not tax the Bank - Supremacy Clause Gibbons v. OgdenGibbons v. Ogden (1824) (1824)
Increased federal government’s interstate commerce Increased federal government’s interstate commerce authorityauthority
Democratic-Republicans FracturingDemocratic-Republicans Fracturing
Democratic-Republicans split as nation Democratic-Republicans split as nation growsgrows
Old Guard Dem-Reps cling to ideals and Old Guard Dem-Reps cling to ideals and strict interpretation; states’ rightsstrict interpretation; states’ rights
New Guard Dem-Reps adopt Federalist-New Guard Dem-Reps adopt Federalist-type platforms; nationalismtype platforms; nationalism
Sectional RepresentationSectional RepresentationThe Great TriumvirateThe Great Triumvirate
Daniel Webster of Daniel Webster of Massachusetts - NORTHMassachusetts - NORTH
Henry Clay of Kentucky - Henry Clay of Kentucky - WESTWEST
John C. Calhoun of South John C. Calhoun of South Carolina - SOUTHCarolina - SOUTH
Serve as House and Serve as House and Senate membersSenate members
Former War Hawks, Former War Hawks, NationalistsNationalists Calhoun will lean toward Calhoun will lean toward
states’ rights laterstates’ rights later Will become dominant Will become dominant
members of the Senate in members of the Senate in 1830s and 1840s1830s and 1840s
America ExpandsAmerica Expands Land available in Louisiana Territory and Land available in Louisiana Territory and
conquered native landsconquered native lands Loans from state banks than Bank of U.S.Loans from state banks than Bank of U.S. Cheap land sold by governmentCheap land sold by government
Trade restrictions and panics force New Trade restrictions and panics force New Englanders westEnglanders west
South demands new fertile landSouth demands new fertile land Slavery a necessitySlavery a necessity
Improved infrastructure makes expanding easierImproved infrastructure makes expanding easier Influx of immigrantsInflux of immigrants
Missouri Compromise (1820)Missouri Compromise (1820) Given North-South Given North-South
rift, politicians hoped rift, politicians hoped to preserve sectional to preserve sectional balancebalance
House dominated by House dominated by North, but Southern North, but Southern senators could block senators could block legislationlegislation
Tallmadge Tallmadge AmendmentAmendment Prohibit more slaves Prohibit more slaves
in Missouriin Missouri Free child slaves by Free child slaves by
25 years old25 years old Missouri Missouri
CompromiseCompromise by by Henry ClayHenry Clay Missouri as a slave Missouri as a slave
statestate Maine as a free Maine as a free
statestate Latitude 36 30’Latitude 36 30’
““Missouri question aroused and Missouri question aroused and filled me with alarm…I have been filled me with alarm…I have been among the most sanguine in among the most sanguine in believing that our Union would be of believing that our Union would be of long duration. I now doubt it much.” long duration. I now doubt it much.” - Thomas Jefferson, April 13, 1820- Thomas Jefferson, April 13, 1820
America’s Foreign PolicyAmerica’s Foreign Policy
Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) naval activity and forts limited between U.S. and naval activity and forts limited between U.S. and
CanadaCanada Treaty of 1818 with Great BritainTreaty of 1818 with Great Britain
Fishing rights, 49Fishing rights, 49thth parallel northern boundary parallel northern boundary FloridaFlorida
Andrew Jackson’s Invasion and First Seminole War Andrew Jackson’s Invasion and First Seminole War (1816-1818)(1816-1818)
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) U.S. acquires Florida, assume Spanish claimsU.S. acquires Florida, assume Spanish claims
American BoundariesAmerican Boundaries
Monroe Doctrine (1823)Monroe Doctrine (1823) Concerned about Concerned about
European aggression in European aggression in the Americasthe Americas Central and South American Central and South American
revolutionsrevolutions Americas not subject to Americas not subject to
colonizationcolonization United States gives United States gives
warning to Europe, warning to Europe, including Great Britain, to including Great Britain, to not interfere with sovereign not interfere with sovereign development of the development of the AmericasAmericas
What prevents the U.S. What prevents the U.S. from interfering in Latin from interfering in Latin America?America?
America’s Market Economy:America’s Market Economy:TransportationTransportation
TransportationTransportation Toll Roads and TurnpikesToll Roads and Turnpikes
Cumberland Road (National Road)Cumberland Road (National Road) CanalsCanals
Connected major waterways and West with EastConnected major waterways and West with East Erie Canal (1825)Erie Canal (1825)
SteamboatsSteamboats Robert Fulton and the Robert Fulton and the Clermont Clermont (1807)(1807)
RailroadsRailroads Based on steam energy and slowly developing in NortheastBased on steam energy and slowly developing in Northeast
Cumberland RoadCumberland Road
America ConnectedAmerica Connected
The The ClermontClermont
America’s Market Economy:America’s Market Economy:IndustrialismIndustrialism
Production Prior…Production Prior… Most textile and production at Most textile and production at
home or by skilled artisans in home or by skilled artisans in NortheastNortheast
Putting-out systemPutting-out system Merchants bought raw Merchants bought raw
materials and hired farm materials and hired farm families to produce goods for families to produce goods for sellingselling
InnovationInnovation Cotton ginCotton gin Textile machines from EnglandTextile machines from England Spinning jennySpinning jenny Flying shuttleFlying shuttle Water frameWater frame Steam powerSteam power Interchangeable partsInterchangeable parts
Assembly-line type productionAssembly-line type production
Factory SystemFactory System High production with use of High production with use of
machines and new technologiesmachines and new technologies Opened doors for unskilled labor Opened doors for unskilled labor
and urbanizationand urbanization Artisans pressured by high Artisans pressured by high
demand and forced to work in demand and forced to work in factoriesfactories
Lowell SystemLowell System Recruited young women to work Recruited young women to work
in textile factories and live in in textile factories and live in dormitoriesdormitories
Rise of CorporationsRise of Corporations Capital investment for new Capital investment for new
industriesindustries Trade UnionsTrade Unions
Poor working conditions, low Poor working conditions, low pay, and long hours led to pay, and long hours led to development of unionsdevelopment of unions
InnovationsInnovations
Steam engine
Interchangeable parts
Spinning jenny
America’s Market Economy:America’s Market Economy:Commercial AgricultureCommercial Agriculture
Innovation increased Innovation increased agricultural productionagricultural production Iron and steel plowsIron and steel plows Grain cradleGrain cradle Variety of crops and livestockVariety of crops and livestock
Improved transportationImproved transportation Established market networks Established market networks
and creditand credit
Western expansion and new fertile landWestern expansion and new fertile land Grain center moved from New York and Grain center moved from New York and
Pennsylvania to Ohio to IllinoisPennsylvania to Ohio to Illinois North based on grainNorth based on grain Upper South based on tobaccoUpper South based on tobacco Deep South based on King CottonDeep South based on King Cotton
Cotton gin could process 50 lbs / dayCotton gin could process 50 lbs / day 1790 - 3,000 bales (at 500 lbs/ 1790 - 3,000 bales (at 500 lbs/
bale)bale) 1793 - 10,000 bales1793 - 10,000 bales 17951795 17,000 bales 17,000 bales 18011801 100,000 bales100,000 bales 18201820 200,000 bales200,000 bales 26¢-44¢ before 1800; 26¢-44¢ before 1800; 15¢-19¢ after 180015¢-19¢ after 1800
SlaverySlavery Demand substantially increasedDemand substantially increased Interstate slave trade booms after 1820Interstate slave trade booms after 1820
Most slaves traded from Upper Most slaves traded from Upper South to Lower SouthSouth to Lower South
America’s Market Economy:America’s Market Economy:Federal Policies and BankingFederal Policies and Banking
Increased manufacturing due to trade Increased manufacturing due to trade restrictions and warrestrictions and war
Tariff of 1816Tariff of 1816 Protective tariff raising rates to 25%Protective tariff raising rates to 25%
The The American SystemAmerican System by Henry by Henry ClayClay Evolution of Hamilton’s Economic Evolution of Hamilton’s Economic
PlanPlan Protective tariffsProtective tariffs
Foreign goods become expensive, Foreign goods become expensive, consumers purchase cheaper consumers purchase cheaper American goodsAmerican goods
National bankNational bank Single currency to facilitate tradeSingle currency to facilitate trade Establish easier credit systemEstablish easier credit system
InfrastructureInfrastructure Improved transportation facilitated Improved transportation facilitated
trade and commerce, linking the trade and commerce, linking the regions and marketsregions and markets
Credit and BankingCredit and Banking Second Bank of the United States Second Bank of the United States
(1816) chartered(1816) chartered farmers earning credit leading to farmers earning credit leading to
necessity of banksnecessity of banks State banks issued paper notes for State banks issued paper notes for
specie (gold and silver)specie (gold and silver) Panic of 1819 (1819-1823)Panic of 1819 (1819-1823)
Considered the first major economic Considered the first major economic and financial crisis of the U.S.and financial crisis of the U.S.
U.S. borrowed heavily to finance the U.S. borrowed heavily to finance the war leading to inflationwar leading to inflation
Bank of U.S. increased interest rates Bank of U.S. increased interest rates to control inflation (contractionary to control inflation (contractionary policy)policy)
Land speculation and recession hits Land speculation and recession hits the West hardthe West hard
AftermathAftermath Northern manufacturers demanded Northern manufacturers demanded
high tariffshigh tariffs Southern farmers demanded low Southern farmers demanded low
tariffstariffs Western farmers blamed speculation Western farmers blamed speculation
and banksand banks
Regional SpecializationRegional Specialization NorthNorth
Manufactured goods to sell to the West and SouthManufactured goods to sell to the West and South Dependent on crops from West (food) and South Dependent on crops from West (food) and South
(textiles, trade)(textiles, trade) WestWest
Farmed to feed the NorthFarmed to feed the North Developed with Northern manufactured goodsDeveloped with Northern manufactured goods
SouthSouth Plantations and farmers grew cotton to sell to Northern Plantations and farmers grew cotton to sell to Northern
textile manufacturers and shipperstextile manufacturers and shippers SubsistentSubsistent
United States c. 1824United States c. 1824