Equivalent length of common fittings like

• elbows - regular 90o, long radius 90

o, regular 45

o

• tees - line flow and branch flow

• return bends - regular and long radius

• valves - globe, gate, angle and swing check

• strainers

in hot water piping systems are indicated in the tables below.

Screwed Fittings - equivalent length in feet

Equivalent length (in feet) of straight pipe for fittings like bends, returns, tees and valves.

Screwed Fittings - equivalent length in meter

Equivalent length (in meters) of straight pipe for fittings like bends, returns, tees and valves.

Flanged Fittings - equivalent length in feet

Equivalent length (in feet) of straight pipe for fittings like bends, returns, tees and valves.

Flanged Fittings - equivalent length in meter

Equivalent length (in meters) of straight pipe for fittings like bends, returns, tees and valves.

PUMP CALCULATIONS

1 DATA REQUIRED

SERVICE

% SOLID CONTENTS

DENSITY Kg/M3

VISCOSITY Cp

FLOW M3/Hr

PUMPING TEMPERATURE

VAPOUR PRESSURE AT PUMPING TEMPERATURE mmHgabs

SUCTION LINE SIZE ID mm : di

DISCHARGE LINE SIZE ID mm : Di

2 SUCTION PRESSURE CALCULATIONS

PRESSURE ABOVE THE LIQUID SURFACE M wc

VERTICAL STATIC HEIGHT M wc

TOTAL STRAIGHT LENGTH M : A

2.1 EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF PIPE FITTINGS : B

BALL VALVE

STRAINER

90o BEND

TOTAL EQUIVALENT LENGTH (A + B) M

2.2 FRICTIONAL PRESSURE DROP

VELOCITY M/sec FLOW ( M3/Hr)

(CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF PIPE) x 3600

REYNOLD NO di x u x density

viscosity

LAMINAR FLOW : Re < 2200, TURBULENT FLOW: Re > 2200

FRICTION FACTOR : f

FOR LAMINAR FLOW

f = 16 / Re

FOR TUBULENT FLOW

f = 0.0035 + 0.264 / ( Re ^ 0.42 )

FRICTIONAL PRESSURE DROP = 4 x f x ( L/di) x ( Density x u ^ 2 / 2 x g )

2.3 SUCTION HEAD(PRESSURE)abs= Pressure above liquid surface + / - static height - frictional pressure drop

2.4 NPSH available = SUCTION HEAD - VAPOUR PRESSURE at pumping temperature

3 DISCHARGE PRESSURE CALCULATIONS

PRESSURE ABOVE THE LIQUID SURFACE M wc

VERTICAL STATIC HEIGHT M wc

TOTAL STRAIGHT LENGTH M : A

3.1 EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF PIPE FITTINGS : B

BALL VALVE

GATE VALVE

CHECK VALVE

90o BENDS ETC

TOTAL EQUIVALENT LENGTH (A + B) M

3.2 FRICTIONAL PRESSURE DROP

VELOCITY M/sec FLOW ( M3/Hr)

(CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF PIPE) x 3600

REYNOLD NO di x u x density

viscosity

LAMINAR FLOW : Re < 2200, TURBULENT FLOW: Re > 2200

FRICTION FACTOR : f

FOR LAMINAR FLOW

f = 16 / Re

FOR TUBULENT FLOW

f = 0.0035 + 0.264 / ( Re ^ 0.42 )

FRICTIONAL PRESSURE DROP = 4 x f x ( L/Di) x ( Density x u ^ 2 / 2 x g )

3.3 EQUIPMENT PRESSURE DROPS

HEAT EXCHANGER

OTHERS

3.4 INSTRUMENT PRESSURE DROPS

CONTROL VALVE

FLOW METER/ROTAMETER

ORIFICE Etc

3.5 DISCHARGE HEAD ( PRESSURE)abs = Pressure above liquid surface + static height + frictional pressure drop f

+ Equipment pressure drop + Instrument pressure drop