ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN INTERACTION
1/9/2015 1university of the punjab
What is ENVIRONMENT??
Physical + Biological factors + Chemical interactions Organism
Every thing around us .
1/9/2015 2university of the punjab
Components of EnvironmentAmerican literature
British literature Others
Hydrosphere Biotic1.Producers 2.Consumers
3.Decomposers
Air
Lithosphere Abiotic1.Climatic 2.Edaphic
Water
Atmosphere Soil
Biosphere
Anthroposphere
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 3
Components of Environment
American
Hydrosphere Lithosphere
Atmosphere Biosphere
Anthroposphere
British
Biotic
• Producers
• Consumers
• Decomposers
Abiotic
• Climatic
• Edaphic
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 4
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 5
What is Industry??
Economic Activity
Raw Materials
Goods
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 6
Major Industries
• Petroleum
• Coal
• Metallurgy
• Cement
• Leather
• Food
• Sugar
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 7
Pollution caused by Industries
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Soil Pollution
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 8
Total Industrial Ecological CycleVirgin materials
Extraction
Concentrated Materials
Separation, Refining
Processed Materials
Physical, Chemical Preparation
Controlled
By
Raw
Material
Suppliers
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 9
Total Industrial Ecological CycleFinished Materials
Forming
Finished components +Additional components
Fabrication
Controlled
By
Manufacturer
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 10
Total Industrial Ecological Cycle
Finished Products
Use
Obsolete Products
Controlled
By
Customer
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 11
How Industry affects Air?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Industry Petroleum Coal
Green house warming Regional oxidants Precipitation acidity
Visibility Corrosion Oxidation efficiency
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 12
Typical Air Pollutants and Sources
Pollutants
Particulate matter
Industrial processes
Industrial fugitive
processes
FluorocarbonsCarbon
compoundsSulphur
compoundsMetals
Mercury
Zinc
Cadmium
Toxicants
Arsenic
PAH’s
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 13
Industrial effects on Water
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Industry
Specefic Diversity Groundwater Quality
Landfill Exhaustion Material Extraction
Toxicity Loss of soil Productivity
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 14
Water Pollutants and Sources
Pollutants
Organic Pollutants
Oxygen demanding
wastes
Disease causing wastes
Synthetic organic
compoundsOil
Inorganic Pollutants
Suspended Solids
Radioactive Materials
MiningUse of
isotopes
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 15
Soil Pollution by Industry
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 16
Industrial Effluents
Fly ASH
Disposal of Industrial waste
Industrial Sludges
Industries with their Pollutants in water and soil
Industry Estimated Annual Production
Volume of Waste Water in m3
CODmg/L
Suspended Solidsmg/L
Other Pollutantsmg/L
Paper 1500000ton 480000000 725 415 Chloride800-1500
Pesticides 6500000ton _ 3000 _ Organic N 500
Sugar 7500000ton 230000000 600 200 N 10-40
Steel 1500000ton _ _ _ Cyanide 10-60
Coke Nil 9000000 1000 100 Cyanide 1-4
Fertilizers 6400000ton 52000000 2000 300 Phosphate 70
Power and Distilleries
6000000ton 22000000 3000 4500 Potassium 300
Refinery 8500000ton 15000000 300 350 Chromium 0.5
1/9/2015 University of the punjab 17
Is there Any Solution???
Choosing Raw Materials
Minimizing and Specifying Air emissions
Minimizing and Specifying Liquid waste
Minimizing and Specifying
Solid waste
Designing for energy
efficiency
Recycling during
manufacture
Recycling after use
1/9/2015 university of the punjab 18