Enterprise Strategic Architectures :TOGAF and Zachman
Contents
• What is EA ?• What are it’s layers ?Enterprise Architecture
• Speedier decision making• Reduction in time-to-market• Reduction in costs
EA Business Drivers
• TOGAF componentsTOGAF
• Zachman components Zachman
• Makes job easier• Saves timeBenefits to Architects
Enterprise Architecture is a self-improvement business function that examines the structure and behavior of the socio-technical aspects of an 'enterprise' and focuses on opportunities to improve it. It can be thought of as layers (shown in figure below)
What is an Enterprise Architecture (EA)
Business
Data
Application
Technology
Business requirements, Business rules, Organizational structure etc.
Data Architecture, Master Data Management, Data Quality etc.
Service Definition, Custom Application Development, Process Alignment etc.
Database Infrastructure, Hardware, Networks, Security, Storage etc.
Enterprise Architecture EA Business Drivers TOGAF Zachman Benefits to Architects
How does an EA delivers ‘Value’
Speedier Decision Making
Ensuring traceability
and reducing
risk of decisions
Availability of reliable
information
Alignment between IT & Business
Reduction in time-to-market
Less complexity because of standardiza
tion
Improved business
Inter-operability
Improved technology compliance
and risk profile
Reduction in Costs
Lower solution
delivery time because of scalable & integrated
systems
Cheaper procurement due to higher
re-use
Less redundancy in processes & IT systems
Enterprise Architecture EA Business Drivers TOGAF Zachman Benefits to Architects
TOGAF framework components
Business Requirements
Architecture Development Method (ADM) explains how to get from the Foundation Architecture to an organization specific one
Technical Reference Model (TRM) describes :1. Terminology2. Description of the
components and conceptual structure of an information system
3. Visual representation of the model to aid understanding
Target Architecture
Standards Information Base (SIB) describes:1. list of standards on
information systems2. Proven technology
Supported by most of the industry
Building Blocks Information Base (BBIB) will :1. Extend the range of
information recorded2. Introduce interactive
tools to facilitate the use of information in selecting building blocks.
Resource Base
TOGAF
Enterprise Architecture EA Business Drivers TOGAF Zachman Benefits to Architects
The Zachman Framework :
• Provides a schema for defining and viewing an enterprise
• Takes into account the target audience and the issue being addressed
• Consists of cells formed by intersection of 6 communication questions and 6 solution perspectives
Zachman Framework Components
Enterprise Architecture EA Business Drivers TOGAF Zachman Benefits to Architects
Why should Architects adopt these Frameworks
Enterprise Architecture EA Business Drivers TOGAF Zachman Benefits to Architects
Makes Architect’s job
easier
Giving access to a set of best practices, tools and
processes around typical problems
Technology/vendor agnostic which implies more options
and a smoother learning curve
Has refined checklists for each and every stage thus leading to
better traceability and less complexity
Saves Architect’s
time
Allows architects to focus on architecture and not get
bogged down in re-inventing artifacts and
processes
Incorporates both business and technical needs thus
lessening the need to convince business owners
Can be used with other frameworks making
applications more scalable and reducing development
time for iterative requirements
Appendix
What is an EA Framework
EA Framework is a tool for
• Designing a broad range of architectures
• Assisting evaluation of different architectures
• Selecting and building the right architecture for an organization
Use of EA framework leads to
• Use of common principles, terminology & assumptions
• Development of Information systems with better integration and inter-operability
EA framework consists of
• Best practices and acknowledged wisdom
• Set of services standards, design concepts, components and configurations to describe and design an architecture
TOGAF and Zachman are 2 such architectures
Enterprise Architecture EA Values EA Frameworks TOGAF Zachman
TOGAF Architecture Development Method
Requirements
A. Architecture vision
B. Business Architecture
C. Information System
Architecture
D. Technology Architectures
E. Opportunities
& Solutions
F. Migration Planning
G. Implementation Governance
H. Architecture Change
Management• TOGAF ADM process consists
of phases as described in the figure (A to H)
• Results in• Organization Specific
Framework• More Reusable building
blocks
• Each iteration becomes easier
• Uses SIB, TRM and BBIB
Conceptual description of Zachman Framework
MOTIVATION
(Why)
TIME
(When)
PEOPLE
(Who)
NETWORK
(Where)
FUNCTION
(How)
DATA
(What)
Abstractions
Designer
Builder
Pers
pecti
ves
Objective/
Scope
(Contextual)
Enterprise
Model
(Conceptual)
System
Model
(Logical)
Technology
Model
(Physical)
Detailed
Model (Out of
Context)
Subcontractor
Functioning Enterprise
Owner
Planner
The Zachman Framework consists of :
• Rows which provide the total view of the solution from a particular perspective
• Columns provide focus and capture all of the Enterprise’s knowledge for the particular question being asked
• Set of rules governing relationship between rows and columns
By isolating each focus and defining each perspective within a cell, complete description of the Enterprise from that perspective is formed
TOGAF Business Drivers
• Can be used with other architectural frameworks• TOGAF is free-license for own use• Can be used with existing technology and tools• Reduces cost, increases ease of integration &
development and reduces time-to-market
Vendor, tool and technology independent
• Comprehensive process from business requirements to IT infrastructure
• Can be modified as per organizational needs and existing structures
• Can be used across the organization
Generic, customizable framework
• Has repository of best practices that can be readily adopted
• Refined checklists at each stage for error free implementation
Content framework & knowledge base
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