WFA Ltd – Official Document
W4A WATER 4 ALL
INTEGRATED SOURCES LTD.
Abuja, October 2010
WFA Ltd – Official Document 2
i. Introduc:on: a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
Contents
WFA Ltd – Official Document 3
About WATER FOR ALL Integrated Sources Ltd.
i. Introduc:on: a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
WFA Ltd – Official Document 4
! WFA is a Nigerian company founded with the aim to bring innova>ve solu>ons to win the challenge of Clean Water availability in Nigeria, in line with the FG’s developmental goals.
! WFA built-‐in the extensive technical exper>se/experience of its prime interna>onal engineering partners together with the deep knowledge of the local context of its Nigerian stakeholders.
! This jointure provides WFA with the comprehensive competences, experience and state-‐of-‐the-‐art technical solu>ons to manage all the aspects of the most challenging Water Management Projects in Nigeria
…WATER FOR ALL
About WFA
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Master Planning and Feasibility Studies Hydrologic and Geologic Analysis Satellite and Aerial Photometrical Socio-‐Demographic Analysis Exis>ng Water Pipelines detec>on, mapping and maintenance Design, Procurement, Construc>on, Maintenance and Management of:
o Water depura;on plants (depura;on/desaliniza;on/potabiliza;on) o Clean Water distribu;on networks (water pipelines, tanks, aqueducts…) o Waste Waters collec;on networks (pipelines, channels…) o Waste Waters Treatment Plants (for re-‐use or re-‐emission in environment) o Energy produc;on plants (from sludge and garbage)
Financing Planning & Funds scou>ng/research/raising Program & Project Management Design, Procurement, Implementa>on of management and maintenance systems:
o ICT & Geographic Informa;on Systems (GIS) o Metering, Invoicing & Insolvency Management
5
About WFA: full set of capabili:es and services
WFA Ltd – Official Document 6
WFA: Extensive Experience & Innova:ve Solu:ons Ancients (Egyp;ans, Romans) could bring fresh water to their houses 2.000 years ago. During 20 centuries, technologies and competences have been improved and consent today to iden;fy and apply the most viable Water Management Solu/ons, to face the new global challenge of freshwater availability and conserva;on
WATER FOR ALL Integrated Sources Ltd. With its prime technical partners is on the frontline on the water sector and can
introduce innova/ve Water Management Solu/ons and Water Technology Systems to win the challenge of water for all in Nigeria
WFA Ltd – Official Document 7
WFA References i. Introduc:on:
a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on
systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
WFA Ltd – Official Document 8
The Clean Water Challenge i. Introduc:on:
a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
WFA Ltd – Official Document 9
World Water quality – access to clean water
Source: United Na;ons Environmental Programme (UNEP): water quality -‐ access to clean water, 2010
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Water Poverty Index (WPI) -‐ UNEP
Source: United Na;ons Environmental Programme (UNEP) World Resources Ins;tute.
WPI grades 147 countries according to five different measures: resources, access, capacity, use and environmental impact. It helps policy makers to see the links between poverty, social depriva;on,
environmental integrity, water availability and health
The WPI demonstrates the strong connec>on between 'WATER POVERTY' and 'INCOME POVERTY'
WFA Ltd – Official Document 11
Policy Recommenda:ons (1/2)
A Tackle immediate consequences
! Countries must adopt a mul>-‐sectoral approach to water management as a maXer of urgency, incorpora>ng principles of ecosystem-‐based management from the watersheds into the sea, connec>ng sectors that will reap immediate benefits from beXer water management
! Successful and sustainable management of water requires a cocktail of innova>ve approaches that engage the public and private sector at local, na>onal and transboundary scales. Planning processes should provide an enabling environment for innova>on, including at the community level but require government oversight and public management
! Innova>ve financing of appropriate water infrastructure should incorporate design, construc>on, opera>on, maintenance, upgrading and/or decommissioning. Financing should take account of the fact that there are important livelihood opportuni>es in improving water treatment processes, whilst the private sector can have an important role in opera>onal efficiency under appropriate public guidance
We recommend a two-‐pronged, incremental approach to tackle immediate consequences whilst thinking to the long term
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Policy Recommenda:ons (2/2)
B Thinking to the long term
! In light of rapid global change, communi>es should plan water management against future scenarios, not just current situa>ons
! Solu>ons for smart water management must be socially and culturally appropriate, as well as economically and environmentally viable into the future
! Educa>on must play a central role in water management and in reducing overall volumes and harmful content of wastewater produced, so that solu>ons are sustainable
We recommend a two-‐pronged, incremental approach to tackle immediate consequences whilst thinking to the long term
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Average daily Water consump:on and water footprint ! 40 litres/day of water is the Minimun Water Right per person declared by UN ! 165 litres/day per person is the average European water consume ! 250 l/d per person is the Italian average water consume ! 350l/d of water per person is the average consume in Canada while 425l/d per person is the average in United States ! 40-‐50l/d are used for cooking and washing up ! 8-‐30 litres are consumed for every toilet water draw ! 100-‐150litres for bathtub ! 6 litres to wash one’s hands/face ! 3 litres to brush one’s teeth ! 15 litres for shaving ! Only 2 litres for drinking
WFA Ltd – Official Document 14
Wastewater, a global issue
Source: United Na;ons Environmental Programme (UNEP): WHO database, data for 2002; FAO database; Babel et Walid, 2008: European Environment Agency, 2009; Diaz, R., et al., 2008.
WFA Ltd – Official Document
1. Clean water for all: provision, purifica;on, adduc;on, distribu;on ,metering, waste water collec;on, depura;on 1. Nigeria Today 2. New Sources for Water system 3. Waste water collec;on and treatment
2. The supplying problem 1. How much water? 2. Were is the water? 3. People educa;on and environmental management
3. Waste Water reu>liza>on 1. Reuse for irriga;on (farming) 2. Reuse for industrial use (industry)
4. Reduc>on and op>miza>on management costs 1. Energy from sludge 2. Use of Informa;on & Communica;on Technologies (ICT)
15
Clean Water in a clean Environment: priori:es and technical solu:ons
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Water Poverty Index (WPI) -‐ CEH
Source: Center for Ecology & Idrology
! Resources: The physical availability of surface and ground water, taking account of the variability and quality of the resource as well as the total amount of water.
! Access: The extent of access to water for human use, accoun;ng for not only the distance to a safe source, but the ;me needed for domes;c water collec;on, and other significant factors. Access means not simply safe water for drinking and cooking, but water for irriga;ng crops or for industrial use.
! Capacity: The effec;veness of people’s ability to manage water. Capacity is interpreted in the sense of income to allow purchase of improved water, and educa;on and health which interact with income and indicate a capacity to lobby for and manage a water supply.
! Use: The ways in which water is used for different purposes; it includes domes;c, agricultural and industrial use.
! Environment: An evalua;on of environmental integrity related to water and of ecosystem goods and services from aqua;c habitats in the area.
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According to UN sta;s;cs, more than 53% of Nigerians is not using an improved water source and less than 30% have access to safe drinking water
Nigeria and the Clean Water Challenge (1/3)
Source: United Na;ons Development Programme (UNDP), 2010
The scarcity of safe drinking water has assumed a crisis propor;on in urban and rural areas taken different dimensions in various regions. The deser;fica;on in the northern part, the pollu;on of the swamps in the Niger Delta just to men;on a few… [Thisday The Horizon Kayode Komolafe 21st July 2010]
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Nigeria and the Clean Water Challenge (2/3)
People Life Quality : Human body is made up of 70% water and not having access to Clean Water compromises health and hygiene.
People Welfare. People incomes are deeply affected due to lack/pollu;on of water for irriga;on and fishery.
People Cost of Life. 44% of households have their own private boreholes, and many rely on water vendors whose high prices amount to more than 30 % of household income for the poorest.
Pollu>on of water sources. Scarcity of Clean Water supply caused Indiscriminate digging of boreholes, with long-‐term environmental consequences and hydrogeological implica;ons.
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Nigeria and the Clean Water Challenge (3/3) Diseases outbreak. A large por;on of households resort to drawing water
from unhygienic sources, contribu;ng to the outbreak of Cholera and other water related infec;ons
Na>on development. Nigeria may not meet up to one of the Millennium Development Goals on increasing access to Safe water by the 2015 deadline
Business World: Thursday, August 26th 2010
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Nigeria Freshwater Resources The total rain precipita;on reaching Nigeria, can be separated into GREEN and BLUE water.
GREEN water (79%) is the frac;on of rainfall that generates soil moisture and which supports terrestrial ecosystems. It is not returned to groundwater and rivers, but will eventually evaporate or transpire through plants.
BLUE water (21%), is the frac;on that runs into rivers and aquifers, and that has a poten>al for withdrawal for societal use. Out of this, the environmental water flow is the amount of water needed to sustain ecosystem.
According to UN studies, in Nigeria, there
is a huge poten>al to increase the water withdrawal to meet current and future needs, s>ll in respect of ecosystem.
[Author: Hugo Ahlenius, UNEP/GRID-‐Arendal]
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Integrated Water Management Policy
Availability of Data, Feasibility Studies and Water Master Plan
Funding for water projects and infrastructures
Water distribu;on pipelines and wastewater collec;on networks
Ageing of exis;ng water distribu;on networks Maintenance of exis;ng Water Systems/Plants
High Leakages and illegal connec;ons
Clean Water and Environmental conserva;on/protec;on policy (emission in environment of contaminated waste waters)
Waste Waters management (collec/on, treatment, re-‐u/liza/on and/or re-‐emission in the environment without contamina/on)
Educa;on/Training of Water Managers/Operators
POWER blackouts interrup;ng water plants/systems
Cri:cali:es Limi:ng Clean Water Supply in Nigeria
Business World: Thursday, August 26th 2010 [1] According to the Minister of Water Resources, 50% of Water supply is lost to wastages
WFA Ltd – Official Document 22
The Water Management Policy i. Introduc:on:
a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on
systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
WFA Ltd – Official Document
“... we can contain it, divert it, collect it, purify it, package it, transport it and
transform it, the only thing we can’t do is manufacture water, which makes
managing it an impera/ve ” [World Bank, “Water Program”, 2008]
23
The Central Role of Water Management in Sustainable Development
WFA Ltd – Official Document 24
The Central Role of Water Management in Sustainable Development
Source: United Na:ons Environmental Programme (UNEP), Rapid Response Assessment 2009
! Water Management refers to the policies and ac>ons necessary to improve and op>mize the availability of drinkable water as well as to protect the water resources.
! A proper Water Management needs the involvement of the Federal, States and Local administra>ons with an innova>ve approach that engage the public and private sector at na>onal and trans-‐boundary scale.
! A wise Water Management shall take an ecosystem-‐based approach that extends from the watersheds to the sea and from the conserva>on of freshwater sources to the depura>on of wastewater, to be re-‐used or to be discharged in the environment without contamina>on.
! Successful Water Management requires financing of appropriate water infrastructure which should incorporate design, construc>on, opera>on, maintenance, upgrading and/or decommissioning
…key to success: immediate ac:on and long term planning
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The Central Role of Water Management in Sustainable Development
…key to success: immediate ac:on and long term planning
! Faced with rapid global change, Water Management needs to be planned and implemented to face the future scenarios: global pollu>on and dras>c reduc>on of fresh water resources
! Water Management Planning policies and processes should focus to realize Water Management systems socially and environmentally oriented, as well as economically viable
! Educa>ng people is crucial to reduce the waste of freshwater resources, the indiscriminate emission of polluted wastewater in the environment and preserve the quality/quan>ty of fresh water
Source: United Na:ons Environmental Programme (UNEP): Rapid Response Assessment.
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Key messages (1/4)
1 Wastewater produc>on is rising
! The Nigerian popula>on is projected to be 204.900.000 people by 2025 and is expected to exceed 281.600.000 people by 2050 [1]
! Major growth will take place par>cularly in urban areas that already have inadequate wastewater Infrastructure
! The financial, environmental and social costs are projected to increase drama>cally unless wastewater management receives urgent aXen>on
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2 Wise and immediate investment will generate mul>ple future benefits
Immediate, targeted and sustained investments should take mul>ple forms. They should be designed to:
! provide a plaoorm for the development of new and innova>ve technologies and water management prac>ces, network and plants
! develop an efficient Clean Water distribu>on network ! reduce the volume and extent of water pollu>on through preventa>ve prac>ces, capture
water once it has been polluted and treat polluted water using appropriate technologies and techniques for return to the environment
! If investments such as these are scaled up appropriately they will generate social, economic and environmental dividends far exceeding original investments for years to come
Credits: Corcoran, E., C. Nellemann, E. Baker, R. Bos, D. Osborn, H. Savelli (eds). 2010. Sick Water? The central role of wastewater management in sustainable development. A Rapid Response Assessment. United Na;ons Environment Programme, UN-‐HABITAT, GRID-‐Arendal. www.grida.no
Key messages (2/4)
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3 Improved sanita>on and wastewater management are central to poverty reduc>on and improved human health
! The poor are affected first and foremost by the wastewater problem. Over half of the world’s hospital beds are occupied by people suffering from water related diseases.
! Diarrhoeal diseases make up over four per cent of the global disease burden, 90 percent of which is linked to environmental pollu>on, a lack of access to safe drinking water and sanita>on
! Comprehensive and sustained water management in combina>on with sanita>on and hygiene is central to good health, food security, economic development and jobs
! In terms of public spending on health issues, inves>ng in improved water management and the supply of safe and clean water provides par>cularly high returns
Key messages (3/4)
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4 Successful and sustained water management will need an en>rely new dimension of investments, to start now
! Currently, most of the water infrastructure in many of the Nigerian fastest growing ci>es is lacking. It is outdated, not designed to meet local condi>ons, poorly maintained and en>rely unable to keep pace with rising urban popula>ons
! Worldwide experiences have shown that appropriate investments done in the right manner can provide the required returns
! However, it will require not only investments, but careful and comprehensive integrated water planning and management at na>onal and municipal levels
! This must transcend the en>re water supply and disposal chain involving ecosystem management (including coastal waters), agricultural efficiency and produc>on and a stronger focus on urban planning
Key messages (4/4)
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Clean Water
THE WAY FORWARD i. Introduc:on:
a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
WFA Ltd – Official Document
a) Water Management Policy shall became a high priority to be implemented focusing at the future global challenges, such as the climate changes and fresh water scarcity
b) Availability of drinkable water should be regarded as a fundamental Human Right and as an index of Social and Economical Development
c) Fresh Water Preserva>on. Consider use of Depurated Water (not drinkable water) for farming/industry and/or re-‐emission in the environment of uncontaminated water as an essen;al factor for conserva>on of water sources, environment and poverty allevia>on
d) Adop/on of the 3 Rs’ policy: Reduce, Reuse & Recycle
31
The Way Forward (1/2)
WFA Ltd – Official Document
d) Conduct a comprehensive FEASIBILITY STUDY and MASTER PHASING PLAN on Nigeria, gathering all the crucial data's, hydrogeological maps of water sources, water distribu;on/collec;on channels, different climates and regions, etc., to iden;fy the best solu;on for Water Management in each zone of the Na;on.
e) Fast implementa>on of the Water Systems Infrastructures: Water Depura/on or Desaliniza/on Plants, Clean Water Distribu/on Pipelines, Metering/Invoicing Systems, Wastewater Collec/on Network, Wastewater Treatment Plants, re-‐use or re-‐emission in environment of Depurated Water.
f) Improve Maintenance and Management of all water systems (new and old).
g) Training of Water Managers/Operators
h) Educa>ng People on water preserva;on policy
32
The Way Forward (2/2)
WFA Ltd – Official Document 33
The Water Management Cycle i. Introduc:on:
a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
WFA Ltd – Official Document
The Water Management Cycle
“... we can contain it, divert it, collect it, purify it, package it, transport it and transform it, the only thing we can’t do is manufacture water which makes MANAGING it an impera;ve ” [World Bank, “Water Program”, 2008]
WFA Ltd – Official Document
The Water Management Cycle
1.SOURCES
2. DEPURATION
4. Waste water Collec>on
3. Distribu>on/Use
- Rivers - Lakes - Lagons - boreholes - Underground - Rain - …
- Depuration - Potabilistion - Desalination
- CONSUMERS - Civil - Industrial - Agriculture
- Waste Waters - Grey Waters - Rain Water
Metering Invoicing
5. TREATMENT
- Civil - Industrial - Agriculture - Fish farming and/or Back in Environment
6. Reuse/Recyle
CONSERVATION & DECREASING OF WATER
SOURCES POLLUTION
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Sources
• Boreholes, exis;ng acqueducts • Lagoons, Rivers, Lakes, Sea • Undergroud/ rain collec;on basin
Treatement
• Potabilisa;on • Depura;on/Desalinisa;on
Distribu>on
• Clean water distribu;on network • Metering/Invoicing • Consumers
Waster Water
Collec>on
• Wastewater collec;on network • Savage collec;on network • Rain Water collec;on basins
Treatement
• Waste Water collec;on network • Waste Water depura;on/potabilisa;on • Energy Produc;on from Sludge
Treated Waters
• Treated Water use in Agricolture / Industry/Farming/Fish farm • Re-‐emission in the Environment
Untreated Waters
Clean Waters
Waste
Waters
RecycledWaters
Adduc>on, purifica>on, distribu>on & use
Collec>on, Recycle, Resue
Plants & distribu>
on Netw
ork Maintenance
The Water Management Cycle
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Ins and outs
Clean Water(?)
today
Waste Waters Clean Water (?)
Drinkable Water (?)
Waste Waters
-‐boreholes -‐Rivers -‐…
Others
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Ins and outs tomorrow
Waste Waters Treated Water
Drinkable Water
Waste Waters
Treatement Systems & Plants
Rain
Rivers Lagoons
Treated Water
Treated Water
Distribu;on Networks & Collec;on Basins
Waste Water Collec>on Network
+
Treatement Systems & Plants
Treated Water
Treated Water
WFA Ltd – Official Document
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
Water Cycles summary
CONSUMERS
WATER COLLECTION
WASTE WATER TREATEMENT PLANTS
OTHER POINTS OF WATER COLLECTION
DRINKABLE WATER TREATEMENT PLANTS
OTHER USES • Irriga;on • Streets cleaning • Farming • Others (fish farming) • . Re-‐immision in Env,
WFA Ltd – Official Document
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
boreholes Water Cycle
CONSUMERS
WATER COLLECTION
WASTE WATER TREATEMENT PLANTS
OTHER POINTS OF WATER COLLECTION
OTHER USES • Irriga;on • Streets cleaning • Farming • Others (fish farming) • . Re-‐immision in Env, DRINKABLE WATER
TREATEMENT PLANTS
boreholes/Wells Rain Ground Water
WFA Ltd – Official Document
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
Lagoon Water Cycle
CONSUMERS
WATER COLLECTION
WASTE WATER TREATEMENT PLANTS
OTHER POINTS OF WATER COLLECTION
OTHER USES • Irriga;on • Streets cleaning • Farming • Others (fish farming) • . Re-‐immision in Env, DRINKABLE WATER
TREATEMENT PLANTS
Rain
Salt Water Lagoon
DESALINATION
WFA Ltd – Official Document
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
River/Lake Cycle
CONSUMERS
WATER COLLECTION
WASTE WATER TREATEMENT PLANTS
OTHER POINTS OF WATER COLLECTION
OTHER USES • Irriga;on • Streets cleaning • Farming • Others (fish farming) • . Re-‐immision in Env, DRINKABLE WATER
TREATEMENT PLANTS
WFA Ltd – Official Document 43
(Water Management Systems & Plants)
Water Sources i. Introduc:on:
a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
WFA Ltd – Official Document
1. Supply from groundwater or springs 2. Supply from superficial flow
1. Rivers and lakes 2. Ar;ficial basins 3. Sea
44
Sources of Water Supply
Surface spring Superficial groundwater(FF) Deep groundwater(FA)
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Collec:on by superficial flow
Filtering trench
River
Surface spring
45
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Collec:on by natural or ar:ficial basins
46
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Desalina:on The availability of natural freshwater on the planet is very small. 97% is salt water, while most of the remaining 3% is in the form of ice or otherwise hardly available. It is es;mated that only 0.3% of the planet is in the form easily drinkable, and at this availability is uneven distributed so as to create zones of absolute cri;cality.
Therefore, clearly one of the future sources of drinking water can only be the sea through desalina;on plants.
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Desalina:on
Desalina;on, desaliniza;on, or desalinisa;on refers to any of several processes that remove excess salt and other minerals from water. Water is desalinated in order to convert salt water to fresh water so it is suitable for human consump;on or irriga;on. Most of the modern interest in desalina;on is focused on developing cost-‐effec;ve ways of providing fresh water for human use in regions where the availability of fresh water is, or is becoming, limited
Sources
Desaliniza:on plant
Fresh Water
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(Water Management Systems & Plants)
Water Depura:on i. Introduc:on:
a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
WFA Ltd – Official Document 50
Clean Water for all -‐ TODAY
Nigeria situa>on – COUNTLESS CASE STUDY
Ineffec>ve and wasteful distribu>on network
Scarcity of safe Water and Waste Water systems
WFA Ltd – Official Document 51
CASE 1: Developing or Rural areas
Problems: a) Absent or inadequate sources b) No/lean purifica;on and control
sta;ons
c) No adduc;on network d) No/lean distribu;on network e) No in home network
f) No/lean water waste collec;on g) Low waste water depura;on
Solu>ons: Phase A: 1. Purifica;on and quality control
sta;ons
2. Individua;on of new sources and/or sources connec;on (Adduc;on Network)
Phase B: 1. Distribu;on Network & Waste Water
Network Phase C:
1. Waste water reuse
WFA Ltd – Official Document
1 CLEANING WATER SYSTEM & CONTROL SYSTEM
A Sanita;on sta;on
Exis;ng source
New distribu;on point
52
WFA Ltd – Official Document
A
2 NEW SOURCES & SOURCES CONNECTIONS
New source
Storage water Tank
Network adduc;on
WFA Ltd – Official Document
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK & WASTE WATER COLLECTION
Distribu;on network & waste water collec;on
Depura;on Point
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CASE 2: Residen:al areas with exis:ng distribu:on network
Problems: a) Un-‐controlled sources b) Not integrated sources c) Inefficient network
d) Liule storage capacity e) Low consump;on op;miza;on f) Environmental problems
Solu>ons: Phase A:
1. Individua;on of new sources and/or sources connec;on (Adduc;on Network, rain included)
Phase B:
1. Op;miza;on Distribu;on Network & Waste Water Network
Phase C: 1. Waste water reuse
WFA Ltd – Official Document
1 CONNECTION, INTEGRATION AND DRINKING WATER SOURCES
Sanita;on sta;on
Exis;ng source
New source
Network adduc;on
Storage water Tank
56
WFA Ltd – Official Document
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK & WASTE WATER COLLECTION
Distribu;on network & waste water collec;on
Depura;on Point
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CASE 3: Urban areas with inefficient underground u:li:es
Problems: a) Problem in water providing
b) Networks issue c) Sewage problem
d) Recovery problem
Solu>ons: Phase A:
1. Verifica;on and adapta;on of exis;ng networks
2. Integra;on of conveying system with the accumula;on and compensa;on system
Phase B:
1. Distribu;on Network Op;miza;on & Waste Water Collec;on
Phase C:
1. Waste water reuse
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PLANNING THE FUTURE
Problems:
a) Increased consump;on b) Possible reduc;on of freshwater sources
c) Increased pollu;on
Solu>ons:
1. Planning areas of development with savings policy
a) New rules for the development areas
b) Savings educa;on c) Increased efficiency of
water management
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(Water Management Systems & Plants)
Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network
i. Introduc:on: a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Con:nuous Water Supply– Storage Water Tanks
Ground Tank Tower Tank
61
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Ground Tank: design
1. Maintenance (2 tanks or by-‐pass)
2. Level control, pump opera;on and quality
3. Sizing
62
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Tower Tank design
1. Maintenance (2 tanks or by-‐pass)
2. Level control, pump opera;on and quality
3. Sizing (height and volume)
63
WFA Ltd – Official Document 64
(Water Management Systems & Plants)
Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on systems
i. Introduc:on: a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Flow control systems
Flow control spring Flow control and quality accumula>on
Flow control
Quality control
C.P.U Data transmission
Solar panels to supply con;nuity
65
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Quality Control Systems 1. Turbidity 2. PH 3. Temperature 4. Dissolved oxygen 5. Residual chlorine 6. Electrical conduc;vity
66
WFA Ltd – Official Document 67
Metering and invoicing Water management process is also composed by the following phases: metering invoicing unsolved management
Due to the high number of water consumers, a remote metering system is suggested, in order to gain a more effec;ve and ;me saving invoicing process
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Control and metering system: an example
C.P.U
Data transmission
Motorized valve
Consump;on measure
68
WFA Ltd – Official Document 69
Remote Metering & Data Collec:on
Remote metering is a metering system that allows to the Water management Company to control and manage by radio-‐frequency signals all the data related to water consume Remote metering could be walk-‐by, drive-‐by, or steady, depending from the kind of installed meters
WFA Ltd – Official Document 70
Metering and unsolved management (1/2) Remote meters could also be used to open/close water distribu>on pipes in case of unsolved invoices and payment claims
WFA Ltd – Official Document 71
Metering and insolved management (2/2) PROS
• Remote control and metering • Remote control of the pipeline network condi;on • leaking and spilling detec;on • Geographic Informa;on System alimenta;on • Remote closure in case of unsolved • Enables pre-‐paid card payment systems • Auto diagnos;c meters (in case of removal or damage)
CONS • high cost of realiza;on • power con;nuity not garanted even with solar energy system (solar panels) • cost of sensor maintenance/replacement in case of damage
We would suggest: 1. remote metering and invoicing 2. “flying squad” for open/closure of
the water supply in case of billing non-‐ payment
WFA Ltd – Official Document 72
Water distribu:on network on Geographic Informa:on System -‐ GIS
An efficient and effec;ve Water Network Management can not renounce to realize a comprehensive Geographic Informa;on System that should embrace: ! clean water plants ! clean water pipelines ! wastewater plants ! wastewater pipelines ! water adduc;on sites (boreholes, lagoons, rivers…) ! end point – users loca;ons (meters)
WFA Ltd – Official Document 73
Water distribu:on network on Geographic Informa:on System -‐ GIS
The Water Distribu;on Network GIS should go through the following phases, aimed to implement the system: ! satellite or aerial photography: in order to obtain the ground morphology detec;on ! exis>ng pipelines detec>on and digitalizing: in order to know the “as is” ! exis>ng plants survey and digitalizing: in order to know and catalog the state of things ! new plants and pipelines digitalizing: in order to have all network and plant on an single control system (GIS)
WFA Ltd – Official Document 74
Water distribu:on network maintenance and GIS
The Water Distribu;on Network GIS will permit a more effec;ve and efficient maintenace of the en;re water supply system: ! water plants ! water pipelines ! spilling detec>on ! leakage detec>on ! maintenance programs ! hardware update campaigns ! pipelines surveillance
WFA Ltd – Official Document 75
(Water Management Systems & Plants)
Waste Water Collec:on i. Introduc:on:
a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
WFA Ltd – Official Document 76
Wastewater collec:on network
Wastewater collec;on network are designed to remove precipita;on water and waste water from urbanized areas and deliver them in receiving water bodies or sewage facili;es. A system of urban drainage is formed by the works of rainwater and wastewater that are entered in the urban trunks, by the manufactured hydraulic control (rolling tanks, storm drains, manholes washing) by collectors of expulsion from the inhabited centre.
Analysis Planning
WFA Ltd – Official Document 77
Wastewater collec:on network
Building
WFA Ltd – Official Document 78
(Water Management Systems & Plants)
Waste Water Treatment i. Introduc:on:
a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on
systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
WFA Ltd – Official Document
1. Wastewater collec;on systems 2. purifica;on systems 3. Re-‐use of purified water 4. The problem of sludge
79
Waste Water collec:on and treatment: tradi:onal systems
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Water Water Line
1 2
3
4 Sludge Line
Sludge
1
2
3 4 Gas Line
Energy 1
1
Disinfec;on
2 1°sedimenta;on
3 Ac;vated sludge
4 Final sedimenta;on
1
Drying
2 Sludge Thickener
3 Digestor
4 De-‐hydrata;on
1 Gasometer
W.W.
350 m 350 m
Waste Water treatment
80
500.000 persons Plant example
WFA Ltd – Official Document 81
Introducing our capabili:es in Water Treatment System
Using different Technologies we have realized systems with the capability to obtain Drinkable or Depurated water for general purposes (i.e. irriga;on/farming, Industry), for distribu;on to rural areas, villages, communi;es and ci;es, from any challenging Water (Sweet or Salt water) Sources namely: ! Lagoons ! Boreholes ! Polluted Waters (i.e. oil) ! River, Sea, Ocean ! Rain water ! Waste Waters etc.
WFA Ltd – Official Document 82
A Smart System for Wastewater Treatment
On the Leu: Grauna® Plant opera>ng in Calvi since 2002, part of a 3 -‐ Plant System, one of which serving the Industrial Area
On the Right: Part of the Sala Bolognese conven>onal Plant
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Key improvements on tradi:onal Deep Shah
Deep Shau Tradi>onal System
New
Reactor Diameter a few meters Less than 1 meter
Equaliza;on not included included
Hence, Graúna® keeps the advanteges that made Deep Shau very interes>ng
Footprint minimum minimum
Effec;veness excellent excellent
But, also, it eliminates the serious weaknesses that have caused Deep Shau’s decline
Building Difficult Simple
Waterproofing of Reactor
impossible Absolute
Flexibility to Peak Flows
limited excellent
83
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Examples of Plants’ Modular approach Experience
Nissoria – 4,000 Inhabitants – 1 Reactor S. Giuseppe J. – 15,000 Inhabitants – 2 Reactors
Barcellona P.G. – 60,000 Inhabitant Sec>on 6 Reactors Barcellona P.G. , 30,000 Inhabitant Sec>on 3 Reactors
84
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Easy Excava:on with standard Equipment
• Foto Costruzione di u Pozzo profondo tradizionale
( Leu ) To drill a Grauna® Reactor’s hole ( max Diameter 1100 mm ) a standard Unit is sufficient
( Right ) For tradi>onal Deep Shau a complex Opera>on is necessary and Waterproofing is impossible
85
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Qualita:ve Comparison with other WWT Systems
Plant Tradi>onal Biofiltra>on Membranes Best
Effec>veness -‐ BOD all
Effect.ess -‐ Nitrogen (*) Biofiltra>on
Footprint, Env.Impact Grauna®
Water Quality Membranes
Sludge Produc;on Grauna®
Resistance to Sand Grauna®
Building Cost Grauna®
Opera;ng Cost Grauna®
(*) Versione Nitro
86
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Fast Ramp up of Depura:on Process
B.O.D. Abatement (%)
Plant Start up
12 days
91% Data from Lucena Plant Recorded by the Operator ( AXA ) April 2009
Photo of the Plant on Start up Day ( Apr 8th, 2009 )
The Client has chosen to have the Equipment Building on the side of the Opera>ng Tanks ( and not above them, as normal ) and to leave the Tanks uncovered
87
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Reduc:on of Footprint through improvement in all Sec:ons
Footprint ( Grauna® vs Tradi>onal ) Index: Tradi>onal = 100%
Pre-‐Treatments
Biological Sec>on
Sludge Line
Service Areas
Total Area as a consequence of the smaller Area ( e.g. fences ) and Plant simplicity
Grauna Tradi;onal
Pre-‐thickener: not necessary ( Graúna® Sludge: SVI 30% ) Digestor: not necessary ( Diges;on inside the Reactor ) Thickener and Dehydra>on: Smaller, thanks to the lower amount of Sludge
Roughly the same
Replacement of the en>re Sec>on with a Grauna® Reactor
Environmental Impact
88
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Environmental Impact: Comparison between equivalent Plants
30 X 25 Complete
Preliminary Treatments
Ter;ary Sec;on
89
Somma>no Tradi>onal
S. Giuseppe Jato Grauna
Somma>no 90 X 60 meters
The two Plants treat the Wastewater from 15,000 Inhabitants, and are being built respec>vely by Jato Ambiente (S. Giuseppe ) and Idrica ( Somma>no ). All Data and Specs are fundamentally equivalent. The Footprint figures refers for S. Giuseppe to the complete Plant, for Somma>no to Biological Sec>on & Sludge Line as the laXer Plant has a Ter>ary Sec>on and some special Pre-‐treatments
Footprint (sqm)
Open Vats (sqm)
Sludge Prod. (tons/yr)
5000
750
Over 1200
50 (covered by grand>ng)
250
900/1150
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Calvi: 3 Plants for 11,000 People, following the Terrain
Examples C2
C1
C3
Township of Calvi
1st Plant Side “ A “ of the Town Right by the main Road
2nd Plant Side “ B “ of the Town within the Town itself
3rd Plant Industrial Area
Sella
Flat Area
Natural Hydraulic Flows
90
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Monterosi: a Plant on the Fairway of a Golf Course
Residen>al Development ” Terra dei Consoli “ ( Viterbo, close to Rome ) 4,500 Inhabitants Developer: Caltagirone Group (one of the largest constructor in Italy)
The Plant is set on the Fairway of the Golf Course ( being built ) and the Treated Water will be used for the Golf course itself and for the Gardens. In opera>on since 2007
91
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Possibility to improve Exis:ng Plants Retrofit Poten>al
Grauna® can be installed in parallel to the Exis;ng Line, sharing Pre – Treatments and Sludge Line. Very important Capacity Increase can be achieved within the same Area
A G – Turbo® can be installed whenever a Plant performance is below needs due to its Biological Sec;on. This can happen for many reasons, from Inflow change to wrong Plant Design
The Issue of Sludge is very dependent on each Country’s situa>on. E.U. Markets tend to be very Sludge sensi;ve due to the cost of its elimina;on and to the increasing lack of Dumping Sites
Grauna®
G – Turbo®
G – Ready®
92
Increase Plant capacity
Target
Improve Plant Efficiency
Reduce Sludge Produc>on
WFA Ltd – Official Document
A Real example of Capacity increase: Barcellona P.G.
The Plant Capacity has ben increased from 25,000 to 114,000 ( Project Specifica;on Figure, in prac;ce the Plant treats Wastewater equivalent to about 150,000 People )
The Grauna® Sec;ons can treat respec;vely 30 and 60,000 People. They have been built on the exis;ng drying Beds. Compare the size of the 30K Sec;on to the Area of the exis;ng Plant of the same Capacity
The capacity of the Sludge Line has not been increased, and this confirms Grauna®’s extremely small Sludge produc;on. The mechanical dehydra;on System has been replaced with a new one, being the old one in bad condi;ons.
Grauna® Sec>on
Preliminay Treatments
Sludge Line
93
WFA Ltd – Official Document
A recent example of “ Mission Impossible “ ( La Pisana, 2009 )
WWT Plant La Pisana Owner: City of Rome Managed by ACEA S.p.A. Present Capacity: 5,000
Solu>on Grauna® System ( footprint about 4% of the original Plant )
Problem New Capacity needed: 5,000 Available Area: none (due to not-‐op;mized posi;oning of the exis;ng Plant )
Grauna®
94
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Reduc:on of Opera:ng Costs Economics
95
Example: Barcellona P.G. Actual Consump>on: 15 – 20 Kwh per treated Inhabitant per year Vs Industry norms 20 – 40 ( Anaer. Diges;on ) 40 – 70 ( Aerobic Dig. )
100
65-‐75
100
25-‐30
75-‐80
100
Tradi;onal (T = 100) Grauna (G)
Power Consump;on
Sludge produc;on
Maintenance
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Very low Sludge Produc:on, with significant Savings
The Opinion of an Expert: Prof. P. Vio} (report to FILAS)
“ Graúna® has shown, in the Plants in opera;on, its capability to reduce Sludge produc>on by as much as 75%, vs a tradi;onal Plant “
“ The Sludge is not only less in amount, but it is also heavily digested and mineralized, as demonstrated by its SSV of 30%, as opposed to a normal 70% for tradi;onal Systems “
Full Documenta>on on file
… and the suppor>ng Facts
Barcellona P.G. – Sludge produc>on ( tons / year )
Over 5,000
750 / 900
Calcolated value (*) Real Value
(*) at 0,6 Kg of dry Mauer per Kg of abated BOD
96
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Easy maintenance: a real Example
Completed: November 2005, tested under E.U. Supervision and operated since 2005
Maintenance: by local Personnel, with no support from EG staff ( War Area ) Performance of the Plant: excellent
2006 2007 2008 2009
In Out
BOD Abatement
Over 90%
“ The System operates since the end of 2005, with no problems “
Mr. A. Berro, Plant Manager
Batroun ( Lebanon )
97
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Treatement Sludges: driving a problem to an opportunity
Sludge as a result of the water depuration process is commonly deemed as a problem, as rubbish that needs a place where to be buried, causing environmental problems itself Thanks to our technologies and capabilities, we consider sludge as a valuable energy resource We are able to produce energy from sludge indeed, gaining two outturns:
huge reduction of sludge quantity that has to be treated energy production
98
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Ozone Treatment
Ligh;ngs are the most important source of Ozone in Atmosphere The Ozonosphere absorbs UV-‐C radiant allowing life out of water
99
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Ozone Applica:ons FARMING
Food and Farming Soil and Agriculture Wastewater Treatment Air and Room Deodoriza;on (smoke and mould smell) Bacteria and Patogens Elimina;on from Air and Water
BIOTECHNOLOGY Disinfec;on and Decontamina;on of Plants Water Disinfec;on at low Temperature Deodoriza;on of Gas Emissions and Odors Emana;ng
CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS Electrophilic and Nucleophilic reac;ons Oxida;on of Aroma;cs dipolar cycloaddi;on of ozone on unsaturated bonds Oxida;on of Double Bonds
100
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Property Ozone Oxygen
Molecular Formula: O3 O2
Molecular Weight: 48 32
Color: light blue colorless
Smell: - photocopy machines - smell after lightnings - odorless
Solubility (0°C): 0.64 0.049
Density (g/l): 2.144 1.429
Ozone Advantages
Ac;ve Against: Bacteria, Yeast, Moulds and Virus Fast Disinfec;on Time Repeatable and Reliable Treatments Low Opera;ng Costs Low Temperature Disinfec;on No Residual Compounds No Chemical Storage
101
WFA Ltd – Official Document 102
Proposed ROADMAP i. Introduc:on:
a. About WFA Integrated Services Ltd b. WFA references c. The Clean Water Challenge d. The Water Management Policy e. The Way Forward
ii. The Water Management Cycle
iii. The Water Management Systems & Plants a. Water Sources b. Water Depura:on c. Clean Water Storage & Distribu:on Network d. Quality Control, metering, invoicing & informa:on systems e. Waste Water Collec:on f. Waste Water Treatment
iv. Proposed Roadmap
v. Addendum
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Proposed Roadmap: in brief
• Consultancy & Feasibility Study • Master & Strategic Water Plan • Water Management Policies defini;on
• 2-‐3 Plants construc>on (first 12 months)
Short Term
(24 Months)
• Master & Strategic Water Plan implementa;on startup • Water Management System (WMS) Design & construc;on • Water Management Informa;on & Maintenance Design
Medium Term
(+60 Months)
• Water Management Policies Implementa;on • Water Management System overall extension • Environmental & Water Mngmt policies merging • Exis;ng WMS maintenance
Long Term
(+120 Months) 103
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Proposed Roadmap: in brief
104
Master plan
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Proposed Roadmap: in brief
• Consultancy & Feasibility Study • Master & Strategic Water Plan • 2 Depura;on/Potabilisa;on Plants construc;on
Short Term
(24 Months)
• Water Management Policies defini;on • Master & Strategic Water Plan implementa;on startup • Water Management System (WMS) Design & construc;on • Water Management Informa;on & Maintenance Design
Medium Term
(+60 Months)
• Water Management Policies Implementa;on • Water Management System overall extension • Environmental & Water Mngmt policies merging • Exis;ng WMS maintenance
Long Term
(+120 Months) 105
QUICK GOALS & LONG TERM THINKING
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Proposed Roadmap: short term (24 months) – 1/3 Consultancy, (rolling) Master planning & feasibility study
Hydrologic cycle and situa;on survey and analysis Geomorphology & clima;c analysis Demographic situa;on and trends Water sources quality analysis (pollu;on, chemicals…) Satellite & aerial laser scanning, ground & water sampling… Clean water distribu;on network as is survey and gap analysis Waste water collec;on network as is survey and gap analysis Exis;ng water treatment plants survey and gap analysis Overall gap analysis and recovery plan Town-‐and-‐country Water planning Water sources localiza;on (lagoons, rivers…) Water treatment plants design & construc;on scheduling Water distribu;on networks design & construc;on planning Exis;ng boreholes/wells network design
106
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Proposed Roadmap: short term (24 months) – 2/3 (rolling) Master planning & feasibility study
Water collec;on basins loca;on and planning Waste waters collec;on networks design & construc;on planning Overall maintenance policies defini;on & implementa;on Water Management Informa;on Systems planning & design Water quality control system design Drinkable water meter & invoicing system design Environmental & behavioral policies defini;on Water cycle policies defini;on & house building new rules (es. rain collec;on) Interna;onal funding opportuni;es scou;ng Realiza;on Priori;es iden;fica;on (based on technical informa;on & parameters) 3 years ahead plants & networks design & construc;on plan (based on technical informa;on & parameters gathered from the pilot projects and the master plan analysis)
107
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Proposed Roadmap: short term (24 months) – 3/3
Pilot Projects design, procurement, construc;on, rollout & maintenance of 2-‐3 plants (12 months)
Depura>on/Potabiliza>on Mobile plants installa>on procurement, installa;on, rollout & maintenance moving & installa;on to others sites
108
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Proposed Roadmap: medium term (+60 months) Master Plan upda>ng & implementa>on
Water treatment plants design & building (~ 20 plants) Water distribu;on networks design & construc;on (~ 4 ci;es) Waste waters collec;on networks design & construc;on (~ 4 ci;es) Exis;ng boreholes/wells network realiza;on Water Management Informa;on Systems design & implementa;on Water quality control system design & implementa;on Drinkable water meter & invoicing system realiza;on Interna;onal funding applica;on process start up Water management maintenance systems & processes implementa;on
Energy Plants (from sludge) design and building (~ 4 plants) Water culture & consciousness crea>on:
3Rs water culture diffusion: Reuse, Reduce, Recycle water management basics @ school
109
WFA Ltd – Official Document
Proposed Roadmap: long term (+120 months)
Master Plan (con>nuous) upda>ng & implementa>on from lesson learned (Smart) Water Management Systems & Infrastructures extension to whole Nigeria Broaden access to safe water to all Nigerians Overall water culture spreading Steady Environmental pollu>on reduc>on Energy from sludge produc>on Water related diseases gradual abatement Water Management master degree ac>va>on at University Environmental & Socio-‐Economic policies merging Interna>onal funds aXrac>on
…in other words: WATER FOR ALL 110
WFA Ltd – Official Document 111
Thank You!
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