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ENERGI
JANTUNG
Betty Prastuti, S.Gz, M.Sc
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Energy (ATP) for
myocard
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SUMBER ENERGI JANTUNG
35% Glikolisis (aerob& anaerob) Glukoneogenesis (Piruvat, laktat)
KH
Oksidasi asam lemak Sumber energi terpenting bagi jantungLipid
Dibentuk dari ATP Meningkatkan hantaran O2adenosin
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The multiple sources of ATP in heart muscle
The multiple sources
of ATP in heart muscle
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SEVERAL MECHANISMS REPLENISHSTORES OF ATP IN HEART MUSCLE
The ATP required as the constant energy source for the
contraction-relaxation cycle of muscle can be generated :
1. By glycolysis, using blood glucose
2. By Creatine phosphate hydrolysis ,
3. from two molecules of ADP in a reaction catalyzed by
adenylyl kinase
4. By Oxidative phosphorylation
5. By Oxydation of ketone bodies
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GLIKOLISIS
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sel
membran
dalam
Membran
luar
mitokondrion
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glikolisis
DaurKrebs
membrane
luar
membran
dalam
Rangkaian
transpor
elektron
kompartemendalam
H2O
O2
H+ e-
kompartemen
luar
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Ringkasan Glikolisis pd keadaan anaerobik
ATP yang dihasilkan :
2ATP per 1 glukosa
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Katabolisme glukosa pd keadaan aerobik
Glukosa-6P
Piruvat
O2
H2O
2CO2
Siklus KREBs
Oksidasi Fosforilasi
2H 2H
Asetil-koA
Oksaloasetat
Ko-A
Glukosa
CO2
NADH
ATP
ADP
2ATP
NAD+
ATP
NAD+ NADH
koA
Komplit sampai terbentuk CO2. Jalur-jalur metabolismenya :
Glikolisis, Oksidasi piruvat, Siklus Krebs dan Oksidasi Fosforilasi
ATP yang dihasilkan :
38ATP per 1 glukosa
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Tissue specific of glucose catabolism
Brain : aerobic (complete to CO2)
Liver : aerobic (complete to CO2) ;
anaerobic (to lactate) ; divert to fat ;
deliver glucose to blood Adipose: divert to fat ;
Muscles : aerobic (complete to CO2) ;
anaerobic (to lactate)
Erythrocytes : anaerobic (to lactate)
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KREATININ PHOSPAT
Kreatin fosfat adalah simpanan energi pertama yang digunakanpada awalaktivitas kontraktil.
Seperti ATP, kratin fosfat mengandung sebuah gugusfosfatberenergi tinggi, yang dapat diberikan secara langsung ke ADPuntuk membentuk ATP.
Seperti terjadinya pelepasan energi sewaktu ikatan fosfatterminal diATP diputuskan, energi juga dibebaskan ketika ikatan fosfatdankreatin diputuskan.
Energi yang dibebaskan dari hidrolisis kreatin fosfat, bersamadengan fosfatnya, dapat diberikan secara langsung ke ADPuntuk membentuk ATP.
Reaksi ini, yang dikatalisis oleh enzim sel otot kreatinkinase bersifatreversibel; energi dan fosfat dari ATP dapat dipindahkan kekreatinuntuk membentuk kreatin fosfat (Sherwood, 2001).
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Creatine Phosphate
Creatine phosphate prevents the rapid depletion of ATP
by providing a readily available high-energy phosphate
that can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP.
Creatine phosphate is formed from ATP and creatine attimes when the muscle is relaxed and demands for ATP
are not so great.
The enzyme catalyzing the phosphorylation of creatineis creatine kinase(CK), a muscle-specific enzyme with
clinical utility in the detection of acute or chronic
diseases of muscle.
Creatine Phosphate Constitutes a Major Energy Reserve in Muscle
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The creatine phosphateshuttle of
heart and skeletal muscle
The shuttle allows rapid transport of high-
energy phosphate from the mitochondrial
matrix into the cytosol.
1. CKa, creatine kinase concerned with large
requirements for ATP, eg, muscular
contraction;
2. CKc, creatine kinase for maintaining
equilibrium between creatine and creatine
phosphate and ATP/ADP;
3. CKg, creatine kinase coupling glycolysis to
creatine phosphate synthesis;
4. CKm, mitochondrial creatine kinase
mediating creatine phosphate production from
ATP formed in oxidative phosphorylation;
P, pore protein in outer mitochondrial
membrane.
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Adenylyl Kinase (Myokinase)
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Adenylyl Kinase (Myokinase)
1. High-energy phosphate in ADP to be used in the
synthesis of ATP.
2. AMP, formed as a consequence of several activating
reactions involving ATP, to be recovered by
rephosphorylation to ADP.
3. AMP to increase in concentration when ATP becomes
depleted and act as a metabolic (allosteric) signal to
increase the rate of catabolic reactions, which in turn
lead to the generation of more ATP (Chapter 20).
K t b li l k d
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Katabolisme glukosa pdkeadaan aerobik
Glukosa-6P
Piruvat
O2
H2O
2CO2
Siklus KREBs
Oksidasi Fosforilasi
2H 2H
Asetil-koA
Oksaloasetat
Ko-A
Glukosa
CO2
NADH
ATP
ADP
2ATP
NAD+
ATP
Glikolisis, Oksidasi piruvat, Siklus Krebsdan Oksidasi Fosforilasi
NAD+ NADH
koA
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Tissue specific of glucose catabolism
Brain : aerobic (complete to CO2)
Liver : aerobic (complete to CO2) ;
anaerobic (to lactate) ; divert to fat ;
deliver glucose to blood Adipose: divert to fat ;
Muscles : aerobic (complete to CO2) ;
anaerobic (to lactate)
Erythrocytes : anaerobic (to lactate)
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Penampungan hidrogen oleh Oksidasi fosforilasi
ADP
ATP
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Katabolisme asam lemak
1. Oksidasi asam lemak,
2. Siklus Krebs
3. Oksidasi Fosforilasi
Hanya pd keadaan aerobik
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Fatty acid metabolism
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Overview of amino acid metabolism
O2
H2OADP ATP
Respiratory chain
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Catabolism of
dietarycarbohydrate,protein, and fat
Outline of the pathways for the
catabolism of dietary carbohydrate,
protein, and fat.
All the pathways lead to the production
of acetyl-CoA, which is oxidized in the
citric acid cycle, ultimately yielding ATP in
the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Ketogenesis and Ketolysis
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Ketone Body Formation in Liver
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Ketone Body Oxidation in brain, muscle, kidney and intestine
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Interrelationships of the ketone bodies
D()-3-hydroxybutyrate
dehydrogenase is a
mitochondrialenzyme.
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Formation, utilization, and excretion of ketone bodies
H
O2
H2O
ADP
ATP
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Production and utilization of ketone bodies
Transport of ketone bodies from the liver and pathways of utilization and oxidation inextrahepatic tissues
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Protein and amino acids via Citric Acid Cycle and
Oxidative Phosphorylation