Street lighting & traffic infrastructure
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ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN STREETLIGHTING
& TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Picture courtesy of www.wurli.com
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CONTENTS
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Street lighting
• Traffic signals
• Christmas lighting
• General outdoor lighting
• Parking meters
• PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
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LIGHT POLLUTION
Los Angeles
1908 1988
2002
picture courtesy Optimon
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LIGHT POLLUTION
• Not really dark during the night
• insects attracted by typical illuminants
• www.darksky.org
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BASICS
Beam[lm]
Luminositiy[lx = lm/m²]
Luminous intensitiy[cd]
Brightness[cd/m²]
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6.000 Lux 2.500 Lux10.000 Lux
100.000 Lux
300 Lux
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STREETLIGHTING
Measures
• Operating hours
• Power
• Light source
• Fixture
• Control system
Erasmus-bridge, Rotterdam,picture courtesy FGL, www.licht.de
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Total cost
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Jahre
Gesamtkosten Beleuchtungsanlage (25 Jahre)
GesamteWartungs- undInstandhaltungs-Kosten
GesamteEnergiekosten
GesamteErrichtungs-Kosten (ohneVerkabelung)
Total cost of a typical installation, 25 years
Investment 15%
after installation 85% maintenance
energy
investment
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Light sources
• Light bulb
• Flourescent tube
• Sodium high pressure
• Sodium low pressure
• Mercury high pressure
• Metal halide
picture courtesy Optimon
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Luminaire, fixture
• Material of body
• reflector technology
• Sealing technology
• lamp simple to change
pictures courtesy Optimon
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digital control system
• Individual lamp control
• Online failure dedection of all components
• 3 main elements
• Lamp module
• CPU in switchboard
• PC-software
• Data transfer via GSM
picture courtesy www.tekkto.com
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Example- Graz
• electricity costs 1,1 Mio Euro
• 4200 operating hours
• reduction of 10 minutes a day
-> -1,5% energy costs
• replacement of 720 luminaires
-> - 530.000 kWh per year or 58% picture courtesy www.energie-graz.at
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TRAFFIC SIGNALS
• incandescent lamp 75W
• mass replacement 2x/year
• LED 10W
• replacement every two years
• reduction of electricity costs -50%
• reduction of maintenance costs - 30% Picture courtesy www.royersignal.de
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Example- Stockholm
• 530 signal control points
• investment 6 Mio Euro
• electricity savings
-> 471.000 Euro/ year
• maintenance savings
-> 243.000 Euro/ yearpicture courtesy www.fet.uni-hannover.de
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GENERAL OUTDOOR LIGHTING
• Promenades
• Buildings
• Sights
• Bicycle paths
• Sports fields
Picture courtesy FGL www.licht.de
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Example- Solar lighting
• no grid interconnection necessary
• ideally suited for solitary applications
• always enough daylight to charge batteries
• Total cost 5.600 Euro
• Immediate saving 3.900 Euro (distance to
grid 150m)
Picture courtesy www.ecolights.at
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CHRISTMAS LIGHTING
• LED lights offer significant energy savings
• investment costs are high
• life cycle costs to be calculated individually
• affects the expected traditional appearence
-> a matter of taste
Picture courtesy www.energie-graz.at
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Example- Graz
• maintenance 130.000 Euro/ year
• energy consumption 93.000 kWh
• 400 operating hours
• reducing 2 hours/ day -> -3.000 Euro
• public christmas tree with LEDs -> -80% or 2.200 kWh Picture courtesy www.energie-graz.at
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PARKING METERS
• Solar powered meters
• no grid interconnection necessary
• panels can be in total shadow
• operates with a 12 V battery
• typical consumption (100 tickets a day)
-> 2 kWh/ year
Picture courtesy www.gesig.at
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Example- Erlangen
• 70 solar powered parking meters
• connected to center via GSM
• savings result from eliminating the costs for grid interconnection
Picture courtesy www.versorgungsbetriebe.de
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PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
• Barriers
• Specific features
• Implementation
• Financing
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Barriers
• Complex matter
• Little information
• Vast range of products
• Single measures without integral concept
• Many regulation, legal requirements
• Restricted funding possibilities
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Implementation
• check of energy bills and maintenance costs
• survey of existing equipment
• Financial model
• Presentation of analysis to municipality
• Development of an integral long term concept
• Project planning and tendering
• Monitoring of savings
• Documentation
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Financing
• dependent on monetary situation of the municipality
• different possibilities
• Cash settlement
• Leasing
• Contracting
• main argument is indebtedness of municipalities/
Maastricht-criteria
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Leasing
• No initial investment
• Quick cash by means of „sale and lease back“
• No contribution to Maastricht- limit
• Agreements are expensive
• Suited for bigger investments
• No outsourcing of maintenance, risk,…
• No guaranteed savings
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Third party financing
• No or little investment necessary
• Measures and installations are paid for by savings
• No contribution to Maastricht- limit
• Guaranteed savings
• Outsourcing of design, implementation, maintenance, risk
• suitable for projects with highly energy efficient measures