Emergency Management Conceptual Model
Heather Noell
Evidence Based Research, Inc.
MORS Workshop
Understanding the Consequences of Catastrophic Events: Research Methods and Tools to Analyze and Manage Incidents
VMASC, Suffolk, VA18-20 November 2008
2Project Context
• The Emergency Management Conceptual Model (EMCM) was initially developed to be true to National Response Plan (NRP)
• NRP was approved November 2004
• Previous modeling efforts pre date approval of the NRP
• Major releases of June and May 2006 were incorporated during this project
• NRP replaced by the National Response Framework in January 2008
3 Technical Process
LEGEND
Initial Data Collection
Initial Conceptual
Model
Refined Conceptual
ModelEnhancements
Review and Refinement
Analysis
Ardent Sentry 05
VERTEX 2005
Data Collection Plan-Literature Review-Interviews-Anecdotal Information-Nodal Analysis-DP-04
Review and Refinement Data Collection Plan
Submit Report and Conceptual Model
Refine conceptual model with NRP changes
Refine “state variables” portion of conceptual model for
Hampton Roads
Create basis for federation with EMPREDFED
Previous Project EMTASC – Ph I EMTASC – Ph 2
Conduct research and
interviews with Hampton
Roads emergency responders
Create a demo of the conceptual model federated
with EMPREDFED
Create a course of events list for a chemical release event
4Symbology
• Homeland Security Working Group Symbology
• Adapted with color ring to denote jurisdictional authority
Federal Resources
State Resources
Local Resources
Non-region specific Resources
KEY
View Symbol Key
5
g
YO
N
F
P
Wind Direction: SWSlight BreezeTemperature: 96°
VDECON
HAZMAT
DECON
EMayor
Federal Resources
State Resources
Local Resources
Non-region specific Resources
KEY
View Symbol Key
Show State Resources
Show National Resources
Show All Resources
Resources by JurisdictionI + 1 Hour
I + 3 Hours
I + 5 Hours
Show Local Resources
Event Time
PVO
Emergency Support Functions (ESF)
Corp.
Conceptual Model Showing Local Interactions
Downwind
Plume
Resources by
Jurisdiction
Event Time
Incident
Entities
Interactions
6Conceptual Model Showing Local and State Interactions
g
YO
N
gO
E
F
P
Wind Direction: SWSlight BreezeTemperature: 96°
V
DOT
DECON
HAZMAT
DECON
E
NG
Governor
MayorFederal Resources
State Resources
Local Resources
Non-region specific Resources
KEY
View Symbol Key
Show State Resources
Show National Resources
Show All Resources
Resources by JurisdictionI + 1 Hour
I + 3 Hours
I + 5 Hours
Show Local Resources
Event Time
PVO
Emergency Support Functions (ESF)
Corp.
7Conceptual Model Showing Local, State, and Federal Interactions
g
YO
N
gO
OE
E
F
P
Wind Direction: SWSlight BreezeTemperature: 96°
V
DHS
DOT
DOT
DECON
HAZMAT
DECON
E
DOD
NG
President
Governor
MayorFederal Resources
State Resources
Local Resources
Non-region specific Resources
KEY
View Symbol Key
Show State Resources
Show National Resources
Show All Resources
Resources by JurisdictionI + 1 Hour
I + 3 Hours
I + 5 Hours
Show Local Resources
Event Time
PVO
DOJ
WHO
Emergency Support Functions (ESF)
Corp.
8
1. Click on Hospital
Navigating to a Specific Local Hospital
9Hospitals in Hampton Roads Page
10Close-up of Hampton Roads Hospitals
11Local Hospital States & Behaviors Page
Sentara Norfolk General HospitalState Variables
Physical Resources: 644 beds, 47 inhalation therapists, 104 practical nurses, 825 RNs, 20 pharmacists, 34 psych beds, 1 social worker, blood bank, burn care unit, coronary care unit, emergency services, inpatient surgical, ICU, anatomical lab, clinical lab, open heart surgery, operating rooms, organ bank, organ transplant facility, outpatient surgery unit, pharmacy, radiology, shock trauma, social services, respiratory care
Location: 600 Gresham Drive, Norfolk, VA 23507
Time to respond:
Mobility: 1 Nightengale (air ambulance for extreme emergencies), Delivery of other patients made by EMTs, local rescue squad, or other personal vehicle
Behaviors
RECEIVE incoming patients from incident (ESF 8)PROCESS incoming patients (ESF 8)DIRECT medical treatment to patients (ESF 8)PROCESS outgoing patients (ESF 8)RECEIVE request to join EMAC from local EOC (ESF 5)PROCESS request to join EMAC (ESF 5)DIRECT membership in EMAC (ESF 5)REQUEST services from additional hospitals in the alliance, if your hospital cannot handle any more patients of a specific type (ESF 8)RECEIVE acknowledgement of acceptance of patients to an allied hospital (ESF 8)PROCESS acknowledgement of acceptance of patients to an allied hospital (ESF 8)INFORM patient of transfer to patients and emergency medical workers (ESF 8)DIRECT patients to allied hospital (ESF 8)
Return to Conceptual Model
ESF 5 Diagram ESF 8 Diagram
12State Variables for a Local Hospital
13Navigating to a specific local fire department
g
YO
N
gO
OE
E
F
P
Wind Direction: SWSlight BreezeTemperature: 96°
V
DHS
DOT
DOT
DECON
HAZMAT
DECON
E
DOD
NG
President
Governor
MayorFederal Resources
State Resources
Local Resources
Non-region specific Resources
KEY
View Symbol Key
Show State Resources
Show National Resources
Show All Resources
Resources by JurisdictionI + 1 Hour
I + 3 Hours
I + 5 Hours
Show Local Resources
Event Time
PVO
DOJ
WHO
Emergency Support Functions (ESF)
Corp.
FireState
Physical ResourcesLocationTime to respondCapacityMobility
Information/CognitiveCapacityKnowledge
SocialProtocol
Command hierarchyBehaviors
RECEIVE request for resources (ESF 4)PROCESS request for resources (ESF 4)DIRECT resources (ESF 4)OBSERVE casualties (ESF 4)DIRECT evacuation of casualties (ESF 4)DIRECT containment the incident (ESF 4)INFORM Police, FBI, and EMS in Unified Command (ESF 4)REQUEST orders from Police, FBI, and EMS in Unified Command (ESF 4)RECEIVE orders from Police, FBI, and EMS in Unified Command (ESF 4)PROCESS orders from Police, FBI, and EMS in Unified Command (ESF 4)
Return to Conceptual Model
Y
Chesapeake
Norfolk
Virginia Beach
Southampton County
WilliamsburgSuffolk
Gloucester
Hampton
Newport News
Portsmouth
Hampton Roads
Franklin
James City County
Isle of Wight County
York County
Matthews County
Currituck County
YNorfolk Station
No. 13
YNorfolk Station
No. 16
YNorfolk Station
No. 15
YNorfolk Station
No. 10
YNorfolk Station
No. 4
YNorfolk Station
No. 7 YNorfolk Station
No. 12YNorfolk Station
No. 9
YNorfolk Station
No. 6
YNorfolk Station
No. 2
YNorfolk Station
No. 1
YNorfolk Station
No. 8
YNorfolk Station
No. 14
YNorfolk Station
No. 11
Norfolk
Norfolk Fire Department Norfolk Fire Department Station No. 1State Variables
Physical Resources: 1 Engine, 1 Ladder, 1 Medic, 1 Battalion, 1 Boat, 1 Air Unit
Location: 450 St. Paul Blvd., Norfolk, VA 23510
Time to respond: Normal distribution, 4 minutes average, 1 minute min, 12 minutes max
Mobility: 1 Engine, 1 Ladder, 1 Medic, 1 Battalion, 1 Boat, 1 Air Unit
Behaviors
RECEIVE request for resources local EOC (ESF 4)PROCESS request for resources (ESF 4)DIRECT resources to incident (ESF 4)OBSERVE casualties at incident (ESF 4)DIRECT evacuation of casualties from incident (ESF 4)DIRECT containment the incident at incident (ESF 4)INFORM Police, FBI, and EMS in Unified Command of information (ESF 4)REQUEST orders from Police, FBI, and EMS in Unified Command (ESF 4)RECEIVE orders from Police, FBI, and EMS in Unified Command (ESF 4)PROCESS orders from Police, FBI, and EMS in Unified Command (ESF 4)RECEIVE request to join EMAC from local EOC (ESF 5)PROCESS request to join EMAC (ESF 5)DIRECT membership in EMAC to local EOC (ESF 5)
Return to Conceptual Model
Return to Fire Diagram
ESF 5 DiagramESF 4 Diagram
1. Click on the local fire department icon
2. Click on the city of interest
4. A states and behaviors page for the specific fire
station is displayed3. Click on the specific fire
station of interest
14Local Fire Department Intermediary Page
15Close-up of Local Fire Departments by City or County
16Specific City’s Fire Department Structure
17Specific Fire Station’s States & Behaviors Page
Norfolk Fire Department Station No. 1State Variables
Physical Resources: 1 Engine, 1 Ladder, 1 Medic, 1 Battalion, 1 Boat, 1 Air Unit
Location: 450 St. Paul Blvd., Norfolk, VA 23510
Time to respond: Normal distribution, 4 minutes average, 1 minute min, 12 minutes max
Mobility: 1 Engine, 1 Ladder, 1 Medic, 1 Battalion, 1 Boat, 1 Air Unit
Behaviors
RECEIVE request for resources local EOC (ESF 4)PROCESS request for resources (ESF 4)DIRECT resources to incident (ESF 4)OBSERVE casualties at incident (ESF 4)DIRECT evacuation of casualties from incident (ESF 4)DIRECT containment the incident at incident (ESF 4)INFORM Police, FBI, and EMS in Unified Command of information (ESF 4)REQUEST orders from Police, FBI, and EMS in Unified Command (ESF 4)RECEIVE orders from Police, FBI, and EMS in Unified Command (ESF 4)PROCESS orders from Police, FBI, and EMS in Unified Command (ESF 4)RECEIVE request to join EMAC from local EOC (ESF 5)PROCESS request to join EMAC (ESF 5)DIRECT membership in EMAC to local EOC (ESF 5)
Return to Conceptual Model
Return to Fire Diagram
ESF 5 DiagramESF 4 Diagram
18State Variables for a Local Fire Station
19Emergency Support Functions (ESF)
1 2
3 4
20Model Stats
• Current scenario escalation triggers four DMAT teams– Specified as requirement by EMTASC
• Requires 669 actions– This is at the broad level (not item specific)
• Model consists of 356 tabs– 299 Entities and Sub-Entities are represented– 57 Diagrams and Information Pages are present
21Change Log Sample
Adobe Acrobat Document
22Cities and Counties being Modeled
• Virginia Beach
• Norfolk
• Suffolk
• Portsmouth
• Chesapeake
• Hampton
• Newport News
• Williamsburg
• Gloucester Co.
• Isle of Wight Co.
• James City Co.
• Matthews Co.
• Southampton Co.
• Surry Co.
• York Co.
• Currituck Co., NC
23Course of Events List
# Course of Events Tab Starting Location
Starting Latitude
Starting Longitude
Start Time (s)
End Time (s)
Movement Occurs
Ending Location
Ending Latitude
Ending Longitude
1 Explosion occurs, chlorine gas begins to be released
Incident 880 North Military Hwy, Norfolk, VA 23502
36.8542N 76.2098W 0 0
2 People in area call 911 to report they heard an explosion in the area behind Military Circle Mall
Incident 880 North Military Hwy, Norfolk, VA 23502
36.8542N 76.2098W 30 90
3 Norfolk, VA Fire/EMT receives request for resources from 911
NorfolkFD 100 Brooke Avenue Norfolk, VA 23510
36.8490N 76.2914W 110 140
4 Norfolk, VA Fire/EMT processes request for resources from 911
Fire 100 Brooke Avenue Norfolk, VA 23510
36.8490N 76.2914W 140 210
5 Norfolk, VA Fire/EMT directs 1 engine from Station 4 to incident site
NorfolkFD4 5909 Poplar Hall Drive, Norfolk, VA 23502
36.8497N 76.2019W 210 Route X 880 North Military Hwy, Norfolk, VA 23502
36.8542N 76.2098W
6 Norfolk, VA Fire/EMT directs 1 medic from Station 4 to incident site
NorfolkFD4 5909 Poplar Hall Drive, Norfolk, VA 23502
36.8497N 76.2019W 211 Route X 880 North Military Hwy, Norfolk, VA 23502
36.8542N 76.2098W
24Issues
• Information was difficult to acquire because sources viewed its release as a threat to national security
• Information is constantly evolving– NRF released in January 2008– States, local, and non-jurisdictional entities are constantly
updating their response plans
25Backup Material Begins Here
BACKUP
26Communications Model
27Decision Support Systems
28Log File
29Summary of Changes to the NRP Since 2004
• Multiple JFOs can be established
• Clarify PFO and FCO Roles
• JTF must be co-located with PFO @ JFO
• JFO Structure
• Formation of HSC Domestic Readiness Group
• No notice incidents and Federal pre-staging
• Quick Reference Guide added
• HSOC becomes NOC, IIMG becomes Incident Advisory Council
• Incidents of National Significance are scalable
• Removes DHS as LFA for ESF #13, leaves DOJ
• Food and Agriculture Annex added
• DHS restructuring incorporated