EGYPTEGYPT
GeographyGeography
∆ Fertile soil in Nile Delta∆ Floods every spring∆ Mouth of the river
∆ Cataracts: rocky area with swift currents and rapids∆ Too rough to use for invasions
∆ Fertile soil in Nile Delta∆ Floods every spring∆ Mouth of the river
∆ Cataracts: rocky area with swift currents and rapids∆ Too rough to use for invasions
Two KingdomsTwo Kingdoms
∆ Different dialects and customs∆ Lower Egypt
∆ Most of the Nile Delta∆ Mild climate∆ Worshipped a cobra goddess
∆ Upper Egypt∆ South of Lower∆ Worshipped a vulture goddess
∆ Different dialects and customs∆ Lower Egypt
∆ Most of the Nile Delta∆ Mild climate∆ Worshipped a cobra goddess
∆ Upper Egypt∆ South of Lower∆ Worshipped a vulture goddess
Old Kingdom (2650 BCE-2100 BCE
Old Kingdom (2650 BCE-2100 BCE
∆ Pyramids∆ Tombs for rulers
∆ Workers were peasants
∆ Pharaohs∆ Absolute Power: God, Judge, leader of army∆ Owned all the land in the country∆ Responsible for prosperity
∆ Theocracy: State ruled by religious figures∆ Bureaucracy: organization managed by officials ∆ Pharaoh's relatives∆ No power of their own∆ Vizier was assistant
∆ Pyramids∆ Tombs for rulers
∆ Workers were peasants
∆ Pharaohs∆ Absolute Power: God, Judge, leader of army∆ Owned all the land in the country∆ Responsible for prosperity
∆ Theocracy: State ruled by religious figures∆ Bureaucracy: organization managed by officials ∆ Pharaoh's relatives∆ No power of their own∆ Vizier was assistant
Middle Kingdom(2055-1650)
Middle Kingdom(2055-1650)
◊ Economic prosperity◊ Capital: Thebes◊ Sailors and merchants◊ Fortresses along Nile
• Trade routes through Egypt not safe
◊ Hyksos conquered M.K.
◊ Economic prosperity◊ Capital: Thebes◊ Sailors and merchants◊ Fortresses along Nile
• Trade routes through Egypt not safe
◊ Hyksos conquered M.K.
New Kingdom(1500-332)New Kingdom(1500-332)◊ 1st permanent army
• Foot soldiers, archers, charioteers
◊ Expanded empire◊ Monotheism under Akhenaten
• sun god Aten◊ Polytheism restored under King Tut
◊ Invasions plagued Egypt• Broke into small states• No Egyptian ruled after 343 BC• Greeks took over until Rome conquered
◊ 1st permanent army• Foot soldiers, archers, charioteers
◊ Expanded empire◊ Monotheism under Akhenaten
• sun god Aten◊ Polytheism restored under King Tut
◊ Invasions plagued Egypt• Broke into small states• No Egyptian ruled after 343 BC• Greeks took over until Rome conquered
Hatshepsut(15000
Hatshepsut(15000
◊ Only woman pharaoh◊ Dressed like a man ◊ Promoted huge trading expedition
◊ Nephew destroyed nearly everything she created
◊ Only woman pharaoh◊ Dressed like a man ◊ Promoted huge trading expedition
◊ Nephew destroyed nearly everything she created
Rames II or Ramses the GreatRames II or Ramses the Great◊ Led battle against the Hittites
◊ Ruled for 60 years◊ Built more temples and monuments than any other pharaoh
◊ Most remembered Pharaoh
◊ Led battle against the Hittites
◊ Ruled for 60 years◊ Built more temples and monuments than any other pharaoh
◊ Most remembered Pharaoh
ReligionReligion
◊ Re, Amon-Re: Sun God• Father of the Pharaohs
◊ Anubis: Protector of the Dead◊ Osiris: Civilization of Egypt (took Anubis job)• Pieces of his body was chopped up and spread around Egypt
◊ Isis: Goddess of nature and women◊ Horus: God of sky
• Son of Osiris and Isis
◊ Re, Amon-Re: Sun God• Father of the Pharaohs
◊ Anubis: Protector of the Dead◊ Osiris: Civilization of Egypt (took Anubis job)• Pieces of his body was chopped up and spread around Egypt
◊ Isis: Goddess of nature and women◊ Horus: God of sky
• Son of Osiris and Isis
Religion continuedReligion continued
◊ Obelisks: pillars w/ pyramid shaped tops
◊ Priests were responsible for taking care of the gods• Rituals• Festivals
◊ Mummification• Tombs• Needs food/drink• Treasures for nobles and pharaohs• Painted walls
◊ Obelisks: pillars w/ pyramid shaped tops
◊ Priests were responsible for taking care of the gods• Rituals• Festivals
◊ Mummification• Tombs• Needs food/drink• Treasures for nobles and pharaohs• Painted walls
Daily LifeDaily Life
◊ Society• Pharaoh• Priest, Gov. officials• Artisans and Merchants• Farmers, miners, soldiers• Slaves
◊ Women had more rights• Jobs, own property
◊ Very focused on appearance• Makeup, wigs, skirts, robes, jewelry
◊ Society• Pharaoh• Priest, Gov. officials• Artisans and Merchants• Farmers, miners, soldiers• Slaves
◊ Women had more rights• Jobs, own property
◊ Very focused on appearance• Makeup, wigs, skirts, robes, jewelry
Art, Writing, and Science
Art, Writing, and Science
◊ Great Sphinx◊ Hieroglyphics
• Rosetta Stone: Translator◊ Greek, Demotic, and Hieroglyphic
◊ Arithmetic• Add, subtract, multiply and divide• Geometry• Engineering: pyramids
◊ Anatomy• Doctors and medical knowledge
◊ Great Sphinx◊ Hieroglyphics
• Rosetta Stone: Translator◊ Greek, Demotic, and Hieroglyphic
◊ Arithmetic• Add, subtract, multiply and divide• Geometry• Engineering: pyramids
◊ Anatomy• Doctors and medical knowledge