Effects of entrepreneurship education in Norway and Europe
Jarle TømmerbakkeCEO – JA YE Norway
Definition / Progression The status Challenges Goals Measures Evaluation and follow-up
• To be an important motivation force
• To collaborate in creating a culture that favors innovation and adaptation
• To focus on young people
• To encourage young people to believe in their own creative abilities and that they can create values and workplaces for themselves and others.
• To create a positive attitude to entrepreneurship
The Government’s Vision on Entrepreneurship in Education
Enterprise in education
JA-YE Norway
Education
Start up
Private Public
Partners in entrepreneurship
education
Primary Schools - Important to start early• take responsibility, trial and error, develop creativity and the
desire to find things out, social skills, …• understanding of cultural and economic resources in the local
community
Lower Secondary Schools• using pupil enterprises as a method
Upper Secondary Schools• theory and practice focusing on learning through practical work • the Company Program• international perspective
Universities and Colleges • student enterprises / Graduate program • learning how to draw up a business plan, identification and
evaluation of business opportunities
The Government’s Vision
6
Age 9-10
Age 10-13
Age 13-15
Age 15-19
Universities
Our Community
Smart
Creativity Camps
Europe and Me
It’s my business
Kids’ enterprise
Creativity Camps
Job Shadow
Economics for Success
Company Program
How to keep the accounts
Serious business Award
Creativity camps
Enterprise without Borders
Creativity Camps
Success Skills
Graduate program
How to keep the accounts
Pedagogical railing
Programs offered
Upper secondary (16-19 years)
2006
1.941 Company Program teams
10.925 students in the program
Penetration rate 20%
Activities for 45.000 students
7.000 teachers in different activities
Penetration rate– Company program
Norwegian survey 2005
Below 21 years 0,0 %
21 - 24 years old 14,8 %
25 - 28 years old 10,4 %
29 + 26,6 %
Total 16,6 %
Start up rate among students who have participated in the JA-YE Company Program – Upper Secondary Level - the hard facts: Students from 1990 to 2003
The average start up rate in Norway is for comparison 7,0 %
Effects of entrepreneurship education in Norway and Sweden
This study has been twice in Norway and three times in Sweden.The conclusions are the same: The level of entrepreneurial activity among students who have participated in the Company Program is at least double of what is the activity in the average population…
By doing the JA-YE Company Program, the former students answered:
• Made the schoolwork more interesting and stimulating: 80%
• Influenced on the relations between students and teachersin a positive way: 64%
• Influenced on the friendship between the students in a positive way70%
By doing the JA-YE Company Program, the teachers answered:
• Meant a lot for the students abilities to solve problems:89%
• Made the schoolwork more interesting and stimulating for students:87%
• Meant a lot for the students motivation to start their own business: 73%
• Meant a lot for their cooperation skills:91%
• Meant a lot regarding their attitudes to start their own business:73%
• Teaching this way, was a very positive experience for me as teacher:81%
…the soft skills…students from 1990 to 2003
AllYear
s 02/04
Years 04/06
No desire/plans to establish my own business 65 %
63 % 66 %
Will / want to establish my own business within 3 years 17 % 12 % 19 %
Have established my own company / finalizing establishing my own
business
17,4 % 25 % 16 %
Study from October 2006 done by Eastern Norway Research Institute. “What happened later” - Students doing the Graduate Program in Universities
Total sample app. 1000
Random sample 596
Answers from 43 %
Conclusion:
The level of entrepreneurial activity among students who have participated in the Graduate Program is at least double of what is the activity in the average population…
Experiences from participation in
JA-YE Company Programmes Denmark, Belgium, Estonia,
Finland, Romania, Norway and Slovakia
Start-up rate following participation in the Company Program in Upper Secondary School
• 14 percent of those who have participated in CP have subsequently been involved in entrepreneurial activity ( Belgium:8.5%)With error margins: Between 11.7 – 17 percent
• 36 percent have plans to establish a business within the next 3 years
• 50 percent have no (immediate) plans to start up their own company
Belgium:
No: 68,0%
No, but: 23,5%
In process: 3.2%
Yes: 5.3%
Are they still running the company?
Percentage
Yes 85
No, I closed it 9
No, I sold it 6
Sum 100
Reasons for participation - motivation
Compulsory-based: 13 % -
(Belgium 23% /Norway =44 %)
Enterprise-based: 53 %
Recommendation-based: 26 %
Advantage-based: 9 %
Belgium: Enterprise-based 13 %
Norway: Enterprise-based 30 %
Estonia: Enterprise-based 56 %
Slovakia: Enterprise-based 66 %
Finland : Enterprise-based 78 %
Entrepreneurial activity and educational attainment
In the other countries entrepreneurial activity increases with educational attainment, while in Belgium entrepreneurial activity decreases with educational attainment.
In Belgium entrepreneurial activity rates are very high among those who have only completed Upper secondary school compared to those with a University degree (twice as high).
Conclusions
• Entrepreneurship in the education system can make a difference in the value creation for a nation.
• It takes a whole village to raise a child.
• It’s important to start early to create an entrepreneurial attitude and culture among students.
• The students from Upper Secondary schools are the driving force for entrepreneurship in higher education,at least in Norway…