ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEXCOMMISSIONED BY THE ICC WORLD TRADE AGENDA
4TH EDITION 2017
ECONOMY PROFILES
© 2017, INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
ICC holds all copyright and other intellectual property rights in this work, and encourages its reproduction and dissemination subject to the following:
ICC must be cited as the source and copyright holder mentioning the title of the document, © International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), and the publication year if available.
Express written permission must be obtained for any modification, adaptation or translation, for any commercial use, and for use in any manner that implies that another organization or person is the source of, or is associated with, the work.
Support for this report was provided by World Trade Agenda, an ICC initiative in partnership with Qatar Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
The views expressed in this report are solely the opinion of the authors.
International Chamber of Commerce33-43 avenue du Président Wilson, 75116 Paris, Francewww.iccwbo.org @iccwbo
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEXCOMMISSIONED BY THE ICC WORLD TRADE AGENDA
4TH EDITION 2017
The methodology of this report was prepared for ICC by K. Michael Finger, international economist and 30-year veteran of the GATT/WTO research division. Mr Finger is currently an independent consultant and author.
ECONOMY PROFILES
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
1 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
ALGERIA
Overall, Algeria ranked 67th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Algeria performed in the mid-range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed poorly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Algeria scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Algeria scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Algeria scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, the lowest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Algeria - Trade Openness
Algeria - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Algeria - Trade Policy
Algeria - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 2
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Algeria's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Algeria achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and mid-level openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Algeria - Openness to FDI
Algeria - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Algeria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Algeria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
3 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
ARGENTINA
Overall, Argentina ranked 68th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Argentina performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Argentina scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Argentina scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and mid-level openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Argentina - Trade Openness
Argentina - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Argentina - Trade Policy
Argentina - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 4
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Argentina's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Argentina achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and upper-middle openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Argentina - Openness to FDI
Argentina - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Argentina - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Argentina - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
5 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
AUSTRALIA
Overall, Australia ranked 30th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Australia performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Australia scored the lowest level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Australia scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Australia scored the highest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Australia - Trade Openness
Australia - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Australia - Trade Policy
Australia - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 6
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Australia's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Australia achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Australia - Openness to FDI
Australia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Australia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Australia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
7 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
AUSTRIA
Overall, Austria ranked 19th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Austria performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Austria scored mid-level openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Austria scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Austria - Trade Openness
Austria - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Austria - Trade Policy
Austria - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 8
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Austria's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Austria achieved the highest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Austria - Openness to FDI
Austria - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Austria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Austria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
9 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
BANGLADESH
Overall, Bangladesh ranked 70th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Bangladesh performed in the mid-range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed poorly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Bangladesh scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Bangladesh scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Bangladesh scored upper-middle openness both for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and in relation to the cost of importing. It also scored a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Bangladesh - Trade Openness
Bangladesh - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Bangladesh - Trade Policy
Bangladesh - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 10
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Bangladesh's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Bangladesh achieved a low level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored the lowest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Bangladesh - Openness to FDI
Bangladesh - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Bangladesh - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Bangladesh - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
11 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
BELGIUM
Overall, Belgium ranked 9th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Belgium performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Belgium scored upper-middle openness. In the second and third indicators, Belgium scored the highest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Belgium scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Belgium - Trade Openness
Belgium - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Belgium - Trade Policy
Belgium - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 12
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Belgium's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Belgium achieved the highest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Belgium - Openness to FDI
Belgium - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Belgium - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Belgium - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
13 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
BRAZIL
Overall, Brazil ranked 69th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Brazil performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Brazil scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Brazil scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and mid-level openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Brazil - Trade Openness
Brazil - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Brazil - Trade Policy
Brazil - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 14
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Brazil's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the lowest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Brazil achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Brazil - Openness to FDI
Brazil - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Brazil - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Brazil - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
15 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
BULGARIA
Overall, Bulgaria ranked 38th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Bulgaria performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Bulgaria scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Bulgaria scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Bulgaria scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Bulgaria - Trade Openness
Bulgaria - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Bulgaria - Trade Policy
Bulgaria - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 16
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Bulgaria's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Bulgaria achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Bulgaria - Openness to FDI
Bulgaria - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage of peopleusing internet (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Bulgaria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Bulgaria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
17 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
CANADA
Overall, Canada ranked 17th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Canada performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Canada scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Canada scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Canada scored the highest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Canada - Trade Openness
Canada - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Canada - Trade Policy
Canada - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 18
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Canada's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Canada achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Canada - Openness to FDI
Canada - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Canada - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Canada - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
19 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
CHILE
Overall, Chile ranked 24th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Chile performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed strongly. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Chile scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Chile scored a high level of openness both for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and in relation to the cost of importing. It also scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Chile - Trade Openness
Chile - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Chile - Trade Policy
Chile - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 20
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Chile's performance across this component included the highest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Chile achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Chile - Openness to FDI
Chile - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Chile - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Chile - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
21 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
CHINA
Overall, China ranked 56th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), China performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, China scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, China scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, China scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
China - Trade Openness
China - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
China - Trade Policy
China - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 22
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. China's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. China achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, a low level of openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) China - Openness to FDI
China - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
China - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
China - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
23 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
CHINESE TAIPEI
Overall, Chinese Taipei ranked 23rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Chinese Taipei performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Chinese Taipei scored mid-level openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, merchandise and services imports per capita, and compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Chinese Taipei scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Chinese Taipei - Trade Openness
Chinese Taipei - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Chinese Taipei - Trade Policy
Chinese Taipei - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 24
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Chinese Taipei's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Chinese Taipei achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Chinese Taipei - Openness to FDI
Chinese Taipei - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Chinese Taipei - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Chinese Taipei - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
25 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
COLOMBIA
Overall, Colombia ranked 51st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Colombia performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Colombia scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Colombia scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and mid-level openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Colombia - Trade Openness
Colombia - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Colombia - Trade Policy
Colombia - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 26
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Colombia's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Colombia achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Colombia - Openness to FDI
Colombia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Colombia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Colombia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
27 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
CYPRUS
Overall, Cyprus ranked 44th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Cyprus performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly, and in Component 3 (Openness to FDI) it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Cyprus scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Cyprus scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Cyprus scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Cyprus - Trade Openness
Cyprus - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Cyprus - Trade Policy
Cyprus - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 28
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Cyprus' performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Cyprus achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Cyprus - Openness to FDI
Cyprus - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage of peopleusing internet (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Cyprus - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Cyprus - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
29 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
CZECH REPUBLIC
Overall, the Czech Republic ranked 14th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), the Czech Republic performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. The Czech Republic scored upper-middle openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the Czech Republic scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDP ratio(2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandise andservices imports per
capita (2015)
1.3 - Compound growthof merchandise imports
(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Czech Republic - Trade Openness
Czech Republic - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Czech Republic - Trade Policy
Czech Republic - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 30
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The Czech Republic's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The Czech Republic achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Czech Republic - Openness to FDI
Czech Republic - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Czech Republic - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Czech Republic - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
31 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
DENMARK
Overall, Denmark ranked 20th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Denmark performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Denmark scored mid-level openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Denmark scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Denmark - Trade Openness
Denmark - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Denmark - Trade Policy
Denmark - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 32
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Denmark's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Denmark achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Denmark - Openness to FDI
Denmark - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Denmark - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Denmark - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
33 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
EGYPT
Overall, Egypt ranked 60th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), (Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Egypt performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Egypt scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Egypt scored the lowest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Egypt - Trade Openness
Egypt - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Egypt - Trade Policy
Egypt - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 34
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Egypt's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Egypt achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored a low level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Egypt - Openness to FDI
Egypt - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Egypt - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Egypt - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
35 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
ESTONIA
Overall, Estonia ranked 15th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Estonia performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Estonia scored upper-middle openness. In the second and third indicators, Estonia scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Estonia scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Estonia - Trade Openness
Estonia - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Estonia - Trade Policy
Estonia - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 36
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Estonia's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Estonia achieved upper-middle openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Estonia - Openness to FDI
Estonia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Estonia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Estonia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
37 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
ETHIOPIA
Overall, Ethiopia ranked 73rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 2 (Trade Policy), Ethiopia performed in the mid-range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed poorly, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed extremely poorly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Ethiopia scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored the highest level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Ethiopia scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, the lowest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a low level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Ethiopia - Trade Openness
Ethiopia - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Ethiopia - Trade Policy
Ethiopia - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 38
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Ethiopia's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, and a low level of openness for both FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Ethiopia achieved the lowest level of openness in relation to the Logistics Performance Index, fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Ethiopia - Openness to FDI
Ethiopia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage of peopleusing internet (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Ethiopia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Ethiopia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
39 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
FINLAND
Overall, Finland ranked 29th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Finland performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Finland scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Finland scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Finland scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Finland - Trade Openness
Finland - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Finland - Trade Policy
Finland - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 40
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Finland's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Finland achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Finland - Openness to FDI
Finland - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Finland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Finland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
41 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
FRANCE
Overall, France ranked 35th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), France performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, France scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, France scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, France scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
France - Trade Openness
France - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
France - Trade Policy
France - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 42
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. France's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. France achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) France - Openness to FDI
France - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
France - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
France - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
43 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
GERMANY
Overall, Germany ranked 22nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Germany performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Germany scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Germany scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Germany scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Germany - Trade Openness
Germany - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Germany - Trade Policy
Germany - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 44
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Germany's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Germany achieved the highest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Germany - Openness to FDI
Germany - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Germany - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Germany - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
45 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
GREECE
Overall, Greece ranked 50th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Greece performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Greece scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, merchandise and services imports per capita, and compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Greece scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Greece - Trade Openness
Greece - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Greece - Trade Policy
Greece - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 46
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Greece's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Greece achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Greece - Openness to FDI
Greece - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Greece - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Greece - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
47 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
HONG KONG SAR
Overall, Hong Kong SAR ranked 2nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Hong Kong SAR performed strongly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed very strongly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Hong Kong SAR scored the highest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Hong Kong SAR scored the highest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDP ratio(2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandise andservices imports per
capita (2015)
1.3 - Compound growthof merchandise imports
(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Hong Kong SAR - Trade Openness
Hong Kong SAR - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Hong Kong SAR - Trade Policy
Hong Kong SAR - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 48
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Hong Kong SAR's performance across this component included the highest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Hong Kong SAR achieved the highest level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Hong Kong SAR - Openness to FDI
Hong Kong SAR - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Hong Kong SAR - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Hong Kong SAR - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
49 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
HUNGARY
Overall, Hungary ranked 13th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Hungary performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) it performed strongly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Hungary scored upper-middle openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Hungary scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Hungary - Trade Openness
Hungary - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Hungary - Trade Policy
Hungary - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 50
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Hungary's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the highest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Hungary achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Hungary - Openness to FDI
Hungary - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Hungary - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Hungary - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
51 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
ICELAND
Overall, Iceland ranked 10th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Iceland performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Iceland scored mid-level openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Iceland scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Iceland - Trade Openness
Iceland - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Iceland - Trade Policy
Iceland - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 52
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Iceland's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a high level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Iceland achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Iceland - Openness to FDI
Iceland - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Iceland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Iceland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
53 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
INDIA
Overall, India ranked 64th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), India performed in the mid-range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed poorly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, India scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, India scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, India scored the lowest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and upper-middle openness both for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
India - Trade Openness
India - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
India - Trade Policy
India - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 54
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. India's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. India achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and a low level of openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) India - Openness to FDI
India - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
India - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
India - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
55 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
INDONESIA
Overall, Indonesia ranked 63rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Indonesia performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Indonesia scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Indonesia scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Indonesia scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Indonesia - Trade Openness
Indonesia - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Indonesia - Trade Policy
Indonesia - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 56
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Indonesia's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the lowest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Indonesia achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored a low level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Indonesia - Openness to FDI
Indonesia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Indonesia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Indonesia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
57 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
IRELAND
Overall, Ireland ranked 5th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 2 (Trade Policy), Ireland performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed very strongly, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Ireland scored a high level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Ireland scored the highest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Ireland scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Ireland - Trade Openness
Ireland - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Ireland - Trade Policy
Ireland - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 58
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Ireland's performance across this component included the highest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the highest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Ireland achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Ireland - Openness to FDI
Ireland - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Ireland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Ireland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
59 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
ISRAEL
Overall, Israel ranked 27th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Israel performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Israel scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Israel scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Israel - Trade Openness
Israel - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Israel - Trade Policy
Israel - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 60
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Israel's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Israel achieved upper-middle openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Israel - Openness to FDI
Israel - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Israel - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Israel - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
61 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
ITALY
Overall, Italy ranked 45th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Italy performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Italy scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, merchandise and services imports per capita, and compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Italy scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Italy - Trade Openness
Italy - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Italy - Trade Policy
Italy - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 62
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Italy's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Italy achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and upper-middle openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Italy - Openness to FDI
Italy - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Italy - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Italy - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
63 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
JAPAN
Overall, Japan ranked 37th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Japan performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Japan scored the lowest level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Japan scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Japan scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Japan - Trade Openness
Japan - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Japan - Trade Policy
Japan - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 64
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Japan's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Japan achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Japan - Openness to FDI
Japan - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Japan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Japan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
65 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
JORDAN
Overall, Jordan ranked 47th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Jordan performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Jordan scored mid-level openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Jordan scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Jordan - Trade Openness
Jordan - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Jordan - Trade Policy
Jordan - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 66
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Jordan's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, upper-middle openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Jordan achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Jordan - Openness to FDI
Jordan - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Jordan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Jordan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
67 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
KAZAKHSTAN
Overall, Kazakhstan ranked 55th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Kazakhstan performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Kazakhstan scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Kazakhstan scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Kazakhstan scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the lowest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Kazakhstan - Trade Openness
Kazakhstan - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Kazakhstan - Trade Policy
Kazakhstan - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 68
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Kazakhstan's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, upper-middle openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Kazakhstan achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Kazakhstan - Openness to FDI
Kazakhstan - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Kazakhstan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Kazakhstan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
69 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
KENYA
Overall, Kenya ranked 66th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Kenya performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Kenya scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Kenya scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Kenya scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Kenya - Trade Openness
Kenya - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Kenya - Trade Policy
Kenya - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 70
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Kenya's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Kenya achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, a low level of openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Kenya - Openness to FDI
Kenya - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Kenya - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Kenya - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
71 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Overall, Korea ranked 39th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Korea performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Korea scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Korea scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Korea scored the lowest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Korea, Rep. - Trade Openness
Korea, Rep. - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Korea, Rep. - Trade Policy
Korea, Rep. - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 72
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Korea's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Korea achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Korea, Rep. - Openness to FDI
Korea, Rep. - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Korea, Rep. - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Korea, Rep. - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
73 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
LATVIA
Overall, Latvia ranked 25th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Latvia performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Latvia scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Latvia scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Latvia scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Latvia - Trade Openness
Latvia - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Latvia - Trade Policy
Latvia - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 74
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Latvia's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Latvia achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Latvia - Openness to FDI
Latvia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Latvia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Latvia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
75 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
LITHUANIA
Overall, Lithuania ranked 16th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Lithuania performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Lithuania scored upper-middle openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Lithuania scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Lithuania - Trade Openness
Lithuania - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Lithuania - Trade Policy
Lithuania - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 76
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Lithuania's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Lithuania achieved upper-middle openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Lithuania - Openness to FDI
Lithuania - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Lithuania - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Lithuania - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
77 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
LUXEMBOURG
Overall, Luxembourg ranked 3rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Luxembourg performed strongly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Luxembourg scored the highest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Luxembourg scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Luxembourg - Trade Openness
Luxembourg - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Luxembourg - Trade Policy
Luxembourg - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 78
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Luxembourg's performance across this component included the highest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the highest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Luxembourg achieved the highest level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Luxembourg - Openness to FDI
Luxembourg - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Luxembourg - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Luxembourg - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
79 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
MALAYSIA
Overall, Malaysia ranked 31st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Malaysia performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Malaysia scored upper-middle openness. In the second and third indicators, Malaysia scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Malaysia scored the highest level of openness both for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and in relation to the cost of importing. It also scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Malaysia - Trade Openness
Malaysia - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Malaysia - Trade Policy
Malaysia - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 80
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Malaysia's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Malaysia achieved upper-middle openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Malaysia - Openness to FDI
Malaysia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage of peopleusing internet (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Malaysia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Malaysia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
81 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
MALTA
Overall, Malta ranked 7th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Malta performed strongly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Malta scored the highest level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Malta scored a high level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Malta scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Malta - Trade Openness
Malta - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Malta - Trade Policy
Malta - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 82
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Malta's performance across this component included the highest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the highest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Malta achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Malta - Openness to FDI
Malta - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Malta - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Malta - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
83 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
MEXICO
Overall, Mexico ranked 46th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Mexico performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Mexico scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Mexico scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Mexico scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Mexico - Trade Openness
Mexico - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Mexico - Trade Policy
Mexico - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 84
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Mexico's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Mexico achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, a low level of openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Mexico - Openness to FDI
Mexico - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Mexico - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Mexico - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
85 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
MOROCCO
Overall, Morocco ranked 54th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Morocco performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Morocco scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Morocco scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Morocco scored a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Morocco - Trade Openness
Morocco - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Morocco - Trade Policy
Morocco - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 86
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Morocco's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Morocco achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Morocco - Openness to FDI
Morocco - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Morocco - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Morocco - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
87 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
THE NETHERLANDS
Overall, the Netherlands ranked 4th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), the Netherlands performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, the Netherlands scored upper-middle openness. In the second and third indicators, the Netherlands scored the highest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the Netherlands scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Netherlands - Trade Openness
Netherlands - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Netherlands - Trade Policy
Netherlands - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 88
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The Netherlands' performance across this component included a high level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a high level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The Netherlands achieved the highest level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Netherlands - Openness to FDI
Netherlands - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Netherlands - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Netherlands - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
89 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
NEW ZEALAND
Overall, New Zealand ranked 21st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), New Zealand performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. New Zealand scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, New Zealand scored the highest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and a high level of openness both for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandise andservices imports per
capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of merchandiseimports (Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
New Zealand - Trade Openness
New Zealand - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
New Zealand - Trade Policy
New Zealand - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 90
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. New Zealand's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. New Zealand achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) New Zealand - Openness to FDI
New Zealand - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
New Zealand - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
New Zealand - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
91 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
NIGERIA
Overall, Nigeria ranked 71st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Nigeria performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Nigeria scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Nigeria scored upper-middle openness both for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and in relation to the cost of importing. It also scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Nigeria - Trade Openness
Nigeria - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Nigeria - Trade Policy
Nigeria - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 92
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Nigeria's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Nigeria achieved a low level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Nigeria - Openness to FDI
Nigeria - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Nigeria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Nigeria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
93 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
NORWAY
Overall, Norway ranked 11th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Norway performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Norway scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Norway scored upper-middle openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Norway scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, the highest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Norway - Trade Openness
Norway - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Norway - Trade Policy
Norway - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 94
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Norway's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Norway achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Norway - Openness to FDI
Norway - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Norway - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Norway - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
95 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
PAKISTAN
Overall, Pakistan ranked 72nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Pakistan performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Pakistan scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Pakistan scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Pakistan - Trade Openness
Pakistan - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Pakistan - Trade Policy
Pakistan - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 96
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Pakistan's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Pakistan achieved a low level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored the lowest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Pakistan - Openness to FDI
Pakistan - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Pakistan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Pakistan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
97 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
PERU
Overall, Peru ranked 34th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Peru performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Peru scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Peru scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Peru scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Peru - Trade Openness
Peru - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Peru - Trade Policy
Peru - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 98
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Peru's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Peru achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and mid-level openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Peru - Openness to FDI
Peru - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Peru - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Peru - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
99 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
PHILIPPINES
Overall, the Philippines ranked 62nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), the Philippines performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, the Philippines scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, the Philippines scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the Philippines scored a high level of openness both for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and in relation to the cost of importing. It also scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Philippines - Trade Openness
Philippines - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Philippines - Trade Policy
Philippines - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 100
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The Philippines' performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The Philippines achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and mid-level openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Philippines - Openness to FDI
Philippines - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Philippines - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Philippines - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
101 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
POLAND
Overall, Poland ranked 32nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Poland performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Poland scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Poland scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Poland scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Poland - Trade Openness
Poland - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Poland - Trade Policy
Poland - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 102
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Poland's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Poland achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Poland - Openness to FDI
Poland - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Poland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Poland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
103 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
PORTUGAL
Overall, Portugal ranked 36th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Portugal performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Portugal scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Portugal scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Portugal - Trade Openness
Portugal - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Portugal - Trade Policy
Portugal - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 104
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Portugal's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, upper-middle openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Portugal achieved upper-middle openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Portugal - Openness to FDI
Portugal - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage of peopleusing internet (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Portugal - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Portugal - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
105 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
ROMANIA
Overall, Romania ranked 43rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Romania performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Romania scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Romania scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Romania scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Romania - Trade Openness
Romania - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Romania - Trade Policy
Romania - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 106
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Romania's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Romania achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Romania - Openness to FDI
Romania - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Romania - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Romania - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
107 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Overall, the Russian Federation ranked 58th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), the Russian Federation performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, the Russian Federation scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, the Russian Federation scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the Russian Federation scored a high level of openness
0123456
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Russian Federation - Trade Openness
Russian Federation - Trade Openness
Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Russian Federation - Trade Policy
Russian Federation - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 108
for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and mid-level openness relating to the cost of importing.
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The Russian Federation's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The Russian Federation achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Russian Federation - Openness to FDI
Russian Federation - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Russian Federation - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Russian Federation - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
109 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
SAUDI ARABIA
Overall, Saudi Arabia ranked 41st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Saudi Arabia performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed poorly, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Saudi Arabia scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Saudi Arabia scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandise andservices imports per
capita (2015)
1.3 - Compound growthof merchandise imports
(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Saudi Arabia - Trade Openness
Saudi Arabia - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Saudi Arabia - Trade Policy
Saudi Arabia - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 110
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Saudi Arabia's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Saudi Arabia achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and upper-middle openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Saudi Arabia - Openness to FDI
Saudi Arabia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Saudi Arabia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Saudi Arabia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
111 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
SINGAPORE
Overall, Singapore ranked 1st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Singapore performed very strongly. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Singapore scored the highest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Singapore scored the highest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Singapore - Trade Openness
Singapore - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Singapore - Trade Policy
Singapore - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 112
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Singapore's performance across this component included the highest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Singapore achieved the highest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Singapore - Openness to FDI
Singapore - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Singapore - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Singapore - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
113 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Overall, the Slovak Republic ranked 12th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), the Slovak Republic performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. The Slovak Republic scored a high level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the Slovak Republic scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDP ratio(2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandise andservices imports per
capita (2015)
1.3 - Compound growth ofmerchandise imports
(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Slovak Republic - Trade Openness
Slovak Republic - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Slovak Republic - Trade Policy
Slovak Republic - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 114
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The Slovak Republic's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The Slovak Republic achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Slovak Republic - Openness to FDI
Slovak Republic - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Slovak Republic - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Slovak Republic - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
115 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
SLOVENIA
Overall, Slovenia ranked 26th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Slovenia performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Slovenia scored upper-middle openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Slovenia scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Slovenia - Trade Openness
Slovenia - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Slovenia - Trade Policy
Slovenia - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 116
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Slovenia's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Slovenia achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Slovenia - Openness to FDI
Slovenia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage of peopleusing internet (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Slovenia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Slovenia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
117 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
SOUTH AFRICA
Overall, South Africa ranked 49th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), South Africa performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, South Africa scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, South Africa scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, South Africa scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and mid-level openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
South Africa - Trade Openness
South Africa - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
South Africa - Trade Policy
South Africa - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 118
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. South Africa's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. South Africa achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) South Africa - Openness to FDI
South Africa - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
South Africa - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
South Africa - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
119 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
SPAIN
Overall, Spain ranked 42nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Spain performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Spain scored a low level of openness in relation to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Spain scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Spain - Trade Openness
Spain - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Spain - Trade Policy
Spain - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 120
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Spain's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Spain achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Spain - Openness to FDI
Spain - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Spain - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Spain - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
121 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
SRI LANKA
Overall, Sri Lanka ranked 59th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Sri Lanka performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Sri Lanka scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Sri Lanka scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Sri Lanka scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Sri Lanka - Trade Openness
Sri Lanka - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Sri Lanka - Trade Policy
Sri Lanka - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 122
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Sri Lanka's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Sri Lanka achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a low level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Sri Lanka - Openness to FDI
Sri Lanka - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Sri Lanka - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Sri Lanka - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
123 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
SUDAN
Overall, Sudan ranked 74th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Sudan performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Sudan scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Sudan scored a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and the lowest level of openness both for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Sudan - Trade Openness
Sudan - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Sudan - Trade Policy
Sudan - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 124
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Sudan's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, and mid-level openness for both FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Sudan achieved the lowest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and a low level of openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Sudan - Openness to FDI
Sudan - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Sudan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Sudan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
125 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
SWEDEN
Overall, Sweden ranked 18th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Sweden performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Sweden scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Sweden scored upper-middle openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Sweden scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Sweden - Trade Openness
Sweden - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Sweden - Trade Policy
Sweden - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 126
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Sweden's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Sweden achieved the highest level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Sweden - Openness to FDI
Sweden - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Sweden - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Sweden - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
127 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
SWITZERLAND
Overall, Switzerland ranked 6th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Switzerland performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Switzerland scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Switzerland scored the highest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Switzerland scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Switzerland - Trade Openness
Switzerland - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Switzerland - Trade Policy
Switzerland - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 128
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Switzerland's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Switzerland achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Switzerland - Openness to FDI
Switzerland - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Switzerland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Switzerland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
129 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
THAILAND
Overall, Thailand ranked 48th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Thailand performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Thailand scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Thailand scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Thailand scored a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Thailand - Trade Openness
Thailand - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Thailand - Trade Policy
Thailand - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 130
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Thailand's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Thailand achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Thailand - Openness to FDI
Thailand - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage of peopleusing internet (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Thailand - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Thailand - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
131 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
TUNISIA
Overall, Tunisia ranked 61st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Tunisia performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Tunisia scored mid-level openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Tunisia scored a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Tunisia - Trade Openness
Tunisia - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Tunisia - Trade Policy
Tunisia - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 132
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Tunisia's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Tunisia achieved the lowest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and mid-level openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Tunisia - Openness to FDI
Tunisia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Tunisia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Tunisia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
133 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
TURKEY
Overall, Turkey ranked 53rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Turkey performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Turkey scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Turkey scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Turkey scored the lowest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and a high level of openness both for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Turkey - Trade Openness
Turkey - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Turkey - Trade Policy
Turkey - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 134
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Turkey's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Turkey achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, a low level of openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Turkey - Openness to FDI
Turkey - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Turkey - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Turkey - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
135 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
UGANDA
Overall, Uganda ranked 65th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Uganda performed in the mid-range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed poorly.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Uganda scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Uganda scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Uganda scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the lowest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Uganda - Trade Openness
Uganda - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Uganda - Trade Policy
Uganda - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 136
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Uganda's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, and mid-level openness for both FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Uganda achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and the lowest level of openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Uganda - Openness to FDI
Uganda - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Uganda - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Uganda - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
137 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
UKRAINE
Overall, Ukraine ranked 57th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Ukraine performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Ukraine scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Ukraine scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Ukraine scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored mid-level openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Ukraine - Trade Openness
Ukraine - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Ukraine - Trade Policy
Ukraine - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 138
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Ukraine's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Ukraine achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and mid-level openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Ukraine - Openness to FDI
Ukraine - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Ukraine - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Ukraine - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
139 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Overall, the United Arab Emirates ranked 8th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), the United Arab Emirates performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, the United Arab Emirates scored upper-middle openness. In the second and third indicators, the United Arab Emirates scored a high level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the United Arab Emirates scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0123456
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
United Arab Emirates - Trade Openness
United Arab Emirates - Trade Openness
Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
United Arab Emirates - Trade Policy
United Arab Emirates - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 140
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The United Arab Emirates' performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The United Arab Emirates achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) United Arab Emirates - Openness to FDI
United Arab Emirates - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
United Arab Emirates - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
United Arab Emirates - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
141 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
UNITED KINGDOM
Overall, the United Kingdom ranked 28th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), the United Kingdom performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, the United Kingdom scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, the United Kingdom scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the United Kingdom scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDP ratio(2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandise andservices imports per
capita (2015)
1.3 - Compound growthof merchandise imports
(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
United Kingdom - Trade Openness
United Kingdom - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
United Kingdom - Trade Policy
United Kingdom - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 142
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The United Kingdom's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The United Kingdom achieved the highest level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) United Kingdom - Openness to FDI
United Kingdom - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
United Kingdom - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
United Kingdom - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
143 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
UNITED STATES
Overall, the United States ranked 40th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), the United States performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, the United States scored the lowest level of openness. In the second and third indicators, the United States scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the United States scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
United States - Trade Openness
United States - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
United States - Trade Policy
United States - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 144
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The United States' performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The United States achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) United States - Openness to FDI
United States - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0123456
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
United States - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
United States - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
145 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
URUGUAY
Overall, Uruguay ranked 52nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Uruguay performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Uruguay scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Uruguay scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Uruguay scored upper-middle openness both for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and in relation to the cost of importing. It also scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Uruguay - Trade Openness
Uruguay - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Uruguay - Trade Policy
Uruguay - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 146
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Uruguay's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, upper-middle openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Uruguay achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and upper-middle openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Uruguay - Openness to FDI
Uruguay - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita
(2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Uruguay - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Uruguay - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
147 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
VENEZUELA
Overall, Venezuela ranked 75th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Venezuela performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Venezuela scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Venezuela scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Venezuela scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the lowest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Venezuela - Trade Openness
Venezuela - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Venezuela - Trade Policy
Venezuela - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 148
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Venezuela's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the lowest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Venezuela achieved the lowest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Venezuela - Openness to FDI
Venezuela - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index
(2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Venezuela - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Venezuela - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES
149 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)
VIETNAM
Overall, Vietnam ranked 33rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.
In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Vietnam performed in the upper-middle range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the mid-range.
PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT
Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Vietnam scored upper-middle openness. In the second and third indicators, Vietnam scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).
Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Vietnam scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)
1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports
per capita (2015)
1.3 - Compoundgrowth of
merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Vietnam - Trade Openness
Vietnam - Trade Openness Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for
agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for
non-agriculturalproducts (2015)
2.1.C -Effectively
applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)
2.2.A - Tariffbinding
coverage (2015)
2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)
2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks
(2015)
2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations
(2013-15)
2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures
applied (2013-15)
2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for
imports (2015)
2.4.B - Numberof days to
import (2015)
2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Vietnam - Trade Policy
Vietnam - Trade Policy Average economy performance
ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 150
Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Vietnam's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, upper-middle openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.
Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Vietnam achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and in relation to percentage of people using the internet.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)
3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP
(2011-15)
3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-
14)
3.2.A -Procedures to
establish abusiness (2015)
3.2.B - Time toestablish a
business (2015)
3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a
foreign business(2012)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
) Vietnam - Openness to FDI
Vietnam - Openness to FDI Average economy performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)
4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per
capita (2015)
4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet
(2015)
Sco
re (
6 m
os
t o
pe
n;
1 l
east
op
en
)
Vietnam - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure
Vietnam - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance
About The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is the world’s largest business organization with a network of over 6 million members in more than 100 countries. We work to promote international trade, responsible business conduct and a global approach to regulation through a unique mix of advocacy and standard setting activities — together with market-leading dispute resolution services. Our members include many of the world’s largest companies, SMEs, business associations and local chambers of commerce.
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