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EcoEcoEcoEco----City City City City Experience in IndiaExperience in IndiaExperience in IndiaExperience in IndiaDr Prasad ModakDr Prasad ModakDr Prasad ModakDr Prasad Modak
Dean, IL&FS Academy for Applied Development and CSO, Dean, IL&FS Academy for Applied Development and CSO, Dean, IL&FS Academy for Applied Development and CSO, Dean, IL&FS Academy for Applied Development and CSO,
Infrastructure Leasing & Financing Services (IL&FS) LtdInfrastructure Leasing & Financing Services (IL&FS) LtdInfrastructure Leasing & Financing Services (IL&FS) LtdInfrastructure Leasing & Financing Services (IL&FS) Ltd
Executive President, Environmental Management Centre Executive President, Environmental Management Centre Executive President, Environmental Management Centre Executive President, Environmental Management Centre
LLP, IndiaLLP, IndiaLLP, IndiaLLP, India
Eco-City
Eco-City" is a city that decreases environmental burden/stress,
improves living conditions and helps in achieving sustainable
development through a comprehensive urban improvement
system involving planning and management of land and its
resources and implementation of environmental improvement
measures.
http://cpcbenvis.nic.in/ar2002/ar1-2ch14.htm
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Eco-City is not……•A basket of projects or Just about
–Planting trees
–Building fountains
–Putting posters
•It’s a PROCESS – and a realization of MAINSTREAMING Eco-
considerations through PARTNERSHIPs
•Projects are then logical outcomes and not the sole
objective……
•Community involvement and institutional capacity building
are key ingredients of Eco-City PROCESS.
Eco-City Program in India•Launched in 2002 after conference of State Environment
Ministers
•12 Cities identified, implementation in only 6
•Not PROCESS driven
•Not PARTNERSHIP based
•Projects were Grant funded
•Most projects TRIVIAL
•Plans developed CONSULTANT DRIVEN
•No POLITICAL Involvement & Support
•Dismal results, Irregularities found
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JNNRUM and Solar Cities•JNNRUM
•Infrastructure as the focus
•Policy reform as requirement
•Capacity building of ULBs
•Essentially Project financing of City Development Plans
•OPPORTUNITY missed on GREENING
•Solar Cities
•48 Cities, 37 approved, 7 master plans
•Not much progress on the ground
Some Notable Eco-City Experiments•Kottayum-Kumarkom, Kerala
•PPP driven, Participatory, Nature Bonds
•Executed by IL&FS Environment and EMC
•Sangli –Miraj-Kupwad (SMK), Maharashtra
•Highly Participatory, 4P based
•Executed by EMC
•RIGHT PROCESS FOLLOWED
•BUT IMPLEMENTATION ONLY PARTIAL
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Environmental Management Centre 7
2
3
Awareness
raising
Field visit &
data
collection
Outlining
Projects,
Programmes
and making
institutional
arrangements
Mobilizing finance,
Institutional
arrangements,
Training,
Engagements and
Partnerships
Setting Performance
indicators, Additional
support studies,
Projects Execution
Monitoring, Reporting, program adaption
Milestones covered
Identification of
Themes
Formulation of
Environmental
Policy and
Guiding
Principles
Sangli-Miraj-
Kupwad
12 months of
engagement
Stakeholders
Consultation
&
Involvement
5/10/2010 8Environmental Management Centre
Eko-Voices
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Logical Process for Action Plan Evolution
11
Situation
Analysis
Gap
Assessment
Policy Plan Programs Projects
Institutional
ArrangementsFinancial Resources
Community
Participation
BenchmarksCompliance
Requirements
Vision
Guiding
Principles
4Ps
Environmental Management Centre
Technical
support
Consultant
/Vendor
registration
Supporting actions
Demonstrative
projects
Feasibility
Studies for
RWH
Program to
drive and
promote RWH
Policy to
provide
incentives for
RWH users
Installation of
number of RWH
projects
Outcome
Improved
GW level
Reduction
in pumping
Generation
of green
jobs
Benefits
Reduction
in GHG
emissions
Reduction on
main water
supply
Rain water
Harvesting
Water
availability
issue
Water supply
augmentation
Other initiatives Climate change
mitigation
Improved Environment
Improved social and
economical conditions
4P Actions
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WASTE - WATER
Decentralized Treatment
Plants
Sheri nalla in-stream
treatment
STP for reducing load on
Dhulgaon STP
EcoSan Pilot Project
SOLID-WASTE
Biomethanation Plants
Composting plants
ENERGY
Energy Saving at Traffic
Signals
Solar Energy ProjectsLAND-USE
Creation and Enhancement
of Public Spaces
AIR, TRANSPORT
Landscaping at Traffic
IslandsHEALTH
Organic based Mosquito
ControlBio-diversity
Botanical Garden
Spatial Distribution of Actions
Observations & Lessons Learnt/1
• Greening to be made as a “business case”
• Cost of inaction needs to be worked out and communicated
• Political involvement
• Green champions - the foundation of the pyramid.
• Education on sustainability is the key
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Observations & Lessons Learnt/2
• GCAP is not just projects – you need to link with
programs, plans and policies
• Green city in isolation wont work – you only
create islands of excellence (and if they last!)
• Networked approach will work better
• Learning while doing is the model
• National policies and frameworks are necessary
Networked Model for Eco-Cities(developed by IAAD)
•Target - Group of SIX Tier-2 Cities
•PROCESS Driven
•Based on PARTNERSHIP
•LEARNING while DOING
•Handholding
•Link with ACADEMIA
•KNOWLEDGE NETWORKING
•FINANCING to ensure IMPLEMENTATION
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Eco-City Development Cycle –Week 1 - Contact # 1 – City 1
City 1
City 2
City 3
City 4
City 5
City 6
Mayors/
Commissioners/
Industry Barons/
Thought Leaders
• Short duration
– ½ day
• Concept of
Eco City
• Program
Development
• Experience
Worldwide
• Develop
understanding
of Eco City
• Get
Commitment
to implement
Eco-City Development Cycle –Week 3 - Contact # 2 – City 2
City 1
City 2
City 3
City 4
City 5
City 6 Jt. MC/ Chief
Engineers/ HODs
CBOs, Business
Associations
Academia/Resear
ch Organizations
• Duration – 2
days
• City Diagnosis
Tools
• Use of IT
GIS/RS,
Mobile
devices
• Presentations of
City Profiles
• Establishing
Baseline and
Indicators
• Identification of
Issues
• Interventions
already
identified and
under
implementation
• Listing of
studies to be
carried out
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Eco-City Development Cycle –Week 6 - Contact # 3 – City 3
City 1
City 2
City 3
City 4
City 5
City 6
• Duration – 3
days
• Sustainability
in Project
design
• Best practices
and Case
studies
• Analyses of
Alternatives,
Identification
of Pilots &
Programs
• Group work
AMCs, Ward Officers,
Executive Engineers/
CBOs, Research and
Academia, Private
sector Financing
Institutions
Eco-City Development Cycle –Week 12 - Contact # 4 – City 4
City 1
City 2
City 3
City 4
City 5
City 6 Jt. MC/ Chief
Engineers/ HODs,
CBOs, Research &
Academia, Private
Sector, Investors
• Duration – 4
days
Deliberations on
• Detailed
Project
Reports
• Extended Cost-
Benefit
Analyses
• Striking PPPs
• Presentation of
projects with
estimation of
costs,
benefits/outco
mes
• Institutional
arrangements
• Modes of
Financing
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Eco-City Development Cycle –Week 20 - Contact # 5 – City 5
City 1
City 2
City 3
City 4
City 5
City 6 AMCs, Ward Officers,
Executive Engineers/
CBOs, Business
Leaders/Associations,
Investors
• Action plan for
presentation to
Standing
Committee
• Action Plan for
Potential
investors
• Procurement/E
ngagement
Plan
• Duration – 5
days
Deliberations on
• City wise DPRs
• Striking PPPs
• Feedback
from City level
Consultation
Workshops
Eco-City Development Cycle –Week 24 - Contact # 6 – City 6
City 1
City 2
City 3
City 4
City 5
City 6
Mayors/
Commissioners/
Policy Makers
• Duration – 1
day
Presentations on
Eco-City
Development
Plans
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Highlights of Networked Model• A web portal across 6 city participants for sharing of
documents, conduct discussions and sharing of experiences
• e-learning modules on topics such as PPP, Social Inclusion,
Climate Proofing etc. These modules will be accessible to all.
• City-specific databases evolved to assist in identification of
suitable experts for baseline studies, project report
preparation, impact assessment etc.
• Assistance provided in networking with investors, companies
interested to align CSRs with Eco-city projects etc.
Project currently under discussions with potential
cities, government, financing institutions, academia
and international agencies