Agenda
1. Welcome2. Purpose and Scope of the Governance
Roadmap Workshop3. Background and Research on Governance4. How We Jumpstart the Planning Process5. Governance Examples6. What are Governance Functions? 7. Broader Impacts & Linkages to Other
Communities8. Governance Use Cases/Mental Exercises9. Community Discussion
EQb Governance Workshop Steering Committee
• Lee Allison – AZGS• Tim Ahern - IRIS• David Arctur - OGC• Jim Bowring – College
Of Charleston• Gary Crane - SURA• Geoffrey Fox - IU
• Hannes Leetaru - ISGS• Kerstin Lehnert -LDEO• Mohan Ramamurthy -
Unidata • Erin Robinson -ESIP• Ilya Zaslavsky - SDSC
Leaders of EarthCube White Papers and Expressions of Interest that address governance
Introduction
• Goal of Governance Roadmap Work Group– Develop a roadmap for building the
governance framework• Compile ideas from research and community
input• Determine what important questions need to
be asked• Evaluate organizational use cases and mental
exercises – NOT to develop governance
framework itself
Introduction (cont’d)
• NSF Roadmap Guidance - 10 points, path forward
• Governance assumptions (existing practices that we will build on)
• Governance roadmap principles• Scope (what is included, what isn’t)
NSF Guidance – 10 Points
1. Purpose2. Communication3. Challenges4. Requirements5. Status
6. Solutions7. Process8. Timeline9. Management10. Risks
Governance Assumptions• What governance are we addressing?
– Operational, scientific, and strategic
• Existing practices that we will build on:– Communication and coordination across
distinct communities– Some dynamics are outside our control– Each group keeps its mandates– Must be built on existing practices
Governance Roadmap Principles
• Community led, autonomous• Open, transparent, inclusive
approach• Consensus oriented, but with
pragmatic approach to decision making (not always/only consensus)
• Balanced representation from full range of participants
Governance Roadmap Scope
• What’s in – Suggestions for bridging communities– Key issues and lessons learned from
other communities’ governance approaches
• What’s not in– Technology content– Specific governance structures
Agenda
1. Welcome2. Purpose and Scope of the Governance Roadmap
Workshop3. Background and Research on Governance4. How We Jumpstart the Planning Process5. Governance Examples6. What are Governance Functions? 7. Broader Impacts & Linkages to Other Communities8. Governance Use Cases/Mental Exercises9. Community Discussion
• Review governance approaches and background philosophies– Describe various governance models– How are governance structures alike and different in
theory, practice, and implementation?– Which models work for best for which types of
organizations?– How do governance structures facilitate achievement
of overall goals?– What challenges in governance have organizations
faced in the past?
Purpose
• Project Mohole• IT Governance by Weill & Ross
(2004)• NSF EarthCube White Papers
–Governance (12 papers)
–Design (25 papers)
• World Wide Web Consortium
Initial Research and Case Studies
• Notes and summaries of all material reviewed• Synthesis of most important points from each
source– PowerPoint presentations
• Initial review of literature presented at Governance Steering Committee meeting, April 4 – 5, 2012
• Additional presentations will be given in topical breakout webinars
– To be included as appendices in EarthCube Governance Roadmap
• All documentation is posted on EarthCube Ning site
Process
• Master references list– Working Document– Includes references cited by NSF EarthCube
White Papers and additional materials suggested by community
• Summaries, PowerPoint presentations and reference lists posted on EarthCube Ning site– Promote transparency and community
feedback
Process (cont’d)
• Need to consider the purpose and definition of success– What are the overall objectives of EarthCube?
• Currently undefined• Governance systems must consider a discussion of
overall objectives
– What is the definition of EarthCube success?• Who is responsible for creating and updating this
definition?
Recurring Themes in Research: Success
Recurring Themes in Research: Leadership
• Leadership structure– Should leadership be centralized or
decentralized?– What decisions must be made?– How should decisions be made?– Who has the ultimate authority to make
decisions and resolve disputes?
• Who is involved in the EarthCube community?– How can disparate communities within geosciences
and IT be brought together to foster an environment of collaboration and trust?
– What does it mean to be a community member?• Access to data, role in decision-making, ability to make
contributions, etc.
– How can EarthCube meet the evolving needs of its community?
Recurring Themes in Research: Community
• How do cyberinfrastructure needs determine governance systems and vice-versa?
• Sustainability– How can governance help assure EarthCube
continuation and stability while maintaining flexibility as new technologies, business models, and user needs emerge?
Recurring Theme in Research: Design & Sustainability
Decision IT principles IT architecture
IT infrastructure strategies
Application needs
IT investment
Archetype
Domain monarchy
IT monarchy
Federal
Duopoly
Feudal
Anarchy
Governance as a system
Weill & Ross, 2004
Agenda
1. Welcome
2. Purpose and Scope of the Governance Roadmap Workshop
3. Background and Research on Governance
4. How We Jumpstart the Planning Process
5. Governance Examples
6. What are Governance Functions?
7. Broader Impacts & Linkages to Other Communities
8. Governance Use Cases/Mental Exercises
9. Community Discussion
Practical Jumpstart Solutions
• Plenary → informed community• Focus Group → summary
document • Town Hall → roadmap
iterations
Potential Focus Groups
• Software Governance• Governance Standing Committee, i.e. what is the
successor to this series of workshops?• Mental Exercises• Governance Principles• What is Governance? – to clarify, management
versus organization• Broader Impacts and Participation
– Possibly focus on three distinct groups of Industry, International, and Government
Collaborate !
• Open and transparent• Use collaboration tools• Post EVERYTHING to •
http://earthcube.ning.com
Agenda
1. Welcome2. Purpose and Scope of the Governance Roadmap
Workshop3. Background and Research on Governance4. How We Jumpstart the Planning Process5. Governance Examples6. What are Governance Functions? 7. Governance Use Cases/Mental Exercises8. Broader Impacts & Linkages to Other Communities9. Community Discussion
Governance Examples
• Domain Science Groups (e.g. IRIS, Unidata, UCAR, CUAHSI, IEDA)
• IT Groups (e.g. W3C, XSEDE, Apache, and Slashdot)
• Hybrid Domain/IT Groups (e.g. ESIP, OGC, DataONE)
• Large Facilities (e.g. OOI, EarthScope, NEON)
Unidata
• Policy Committee (Standing Committee)
• Users Committee (Standing Committee
• Implementation Working Group (early days of the program)
• Steering Committees (Ad-hoc committees)
Open Geospatial Consortium
CITE SC
TeamEngine
OGC
Organization
Plan StandardsProgram
Do
BoardStaff
Committees
Compliance
& Testing
Check
Interoperability
Program
Evolve
Testbeds
Domain WGsStandards WGs
ArchitectureBoard
Outreachand Community
Adoption Program(OCAP)Marketing
Training
Comm
Experiments
Pilots
• Single PI, 5 Centers, and 12 partnering organizations• High-Performance Computing and Storage Services • High-Performance Remote Visualization and Data
Analysis Services• Integrating Services
• Coordination and Management Service• Technology Audit and Insertion Service• Advanced User Support Service• Training, Education and Outreach Service
• Governance– XSEDE Advisory Board– User Advisory Committee– Service Providers Forum
Sustainability/Funding ModelCategory Program Governance
Funding ModelDomain Science Unidata, IRIS, IEDA Core Grant
UCAR, CUAHSI Membership Fee
IT Groups W3C Membership Fee
Apache Foundation(donations)
Hybrid Groups OGC
ESIP Federation
Membership Fee, Grants for Interoperability projects Grants
DataONE Core Grant
Large Facilities OOI, EarthScope, NEON, XSEDE Core Grant
Agenda
1. Welcome2. Purpose and Scope of the Governance Roadmap Workshop3. Background and Research on Governance4. How We Jumpstart the Planning Process5. Governance Examples6. What are Governance Functions? 7. Broader Impacts & Linkages to Other Communities8. Governance Use Cases/Mental Exercises9. Community Discussion
EarthCube as a System of Systems
• Several governance models?– For different purpose, different types of funding, different
time horizons, different stakeholders, metrics different functions
• What are research scenarios and use cases that the EarthCube governance model should enable, and what is the process for expanding them?
• What is the scope of EarthCube governance, and what is the process for determining and evolving it?– For individual research sites– For disciplinary data systems and large facilities– For managing cross-disciplinary interactions
Vision of a reference architecture for EarthCube as is an integrated information system that includes research observatories generating large volumes of observations, domain systems that publish the data according to community conventions about data models, vocabularies and protocols, and cross-domain knowledge layer that includes federated catalogs, normalized and curated datasets integrating data from domain systems and observatories, vocabulary cross-walks, as well as social networking, governance and compute infrastructure.
Functions - 1• Policy formulation (e.g. wrt open source)
and cost control• Conflict resolution and arbitration – at the
boundaries of EarthCube subsystems, e.g.– When new scientific data types are developed
and propagate to domain systems and to the knowledge integration layer
– When sensors need to be configured or tuned from another
– Data life cycle coordination across domains
Functions - 2• Standardization of services and encodings• Cross-domain interoperability management
– For domain catalogs, vocabularies, services, information models federated catalogs, vocabulary cross-walks, standard services, consensus information model profiles
• Long-term preservation/curation/lifecycle management
• Reference architecture management and evolution
• Service-level agreements and other legal arrangements
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages 51
Agenda
1. Welcome2. Purpose and Scope of the Governance Roadmap Workshop3. Background and Research on Governance4. How We Jumpstart the Planning Process5. Governance Examples6. What are Governance Functions? 7. Broader Impacts & Linkages to Other Communities8. Governance Use Cases/Mental Exercises9. Community Discussion
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages 52
Broader Impacts & Community
Kerstin LehnertIntegrated Earth Data Applications IEDA
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages 53
EarthCube’s Broad Impact
• transform research & education in the geosciences: “Informatics as the fourth pillar of the scientific method.”
• advance understanding & solution of societal challenges
• democratize access to research resources data, tools, computing
• create a new workforce
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages 54
EarthCube’s Stakeholders
• Users– domain scientists, educators, students,
industry, decision-makers, general public, …
• Practitioners– IT researchers, IT developers, data
managers, managers of data, systems, & services
• Funders– agencies, industry
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages 55
EarthCube: A CI Community
“At the heart of the cyberinfrastructure vision is the development of a cultural community that supports peer-to-peer collaboration and new modes of education based upon broad and open access to leadership computing; data and information resources; online instruments and observatories; and visualization and collaboration services.”Dr. Arden L. Bement, Jr.
Director of the US National Science Foundation
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages 56
from: ”History & Theory of Infrastructure: Lessons for the New Scientific Cyberinfrastructures”
(P. N. Edwards et al., January 2007)
Insights from Social Science
“Robust cyberinfrastructure will develop only when social, organizational, and cultural issues are resolved in tandem with the creation of technology-based services.”
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages 57
Linkages• Chart (discover & map what is happening)
• Communicate• Coordinate• Contract (use the expertise & products of
others)
• Collaborate• Converge (reduce complexity & proliferation)
• Seek Consensus From Report of the ESSI Summit in Rome, March 2008
(C. Barton, P. Fox)
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages 58
Governance Roadmap: Relevant Factors
• Science engagement across disciplines• Linking science and technology
communities• International coordination• Industry coordination• Coordination among government agencies• General outreach
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages 59
The driving vision must be led by the scientists.
• define requirements• provide feedback• evaluate performance• implement new practices
Users!Users!Users!
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages
Engaging the Long Tail
60
Heidorn, P. Bryan (2008). Shedding Light on the Dark Data in the Long Tail of Science. Library Trends 57(2) Fall 2008 .
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages 61
ManyCommunities
• individuals• professional societies• federations, unions• programs • standards organizations• agencies• industry• ….
technical organizational
politicaldi
scip
linar
y
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages 62
Governance & Leadership
From Report of the ESSI Summit in Rome, March 2008(C. Barton, P. Fox)
+ ESIP+ OGC+ …
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages 63
How?
• Part of governance structure• Formal partnerships• Informal interaction• Outreach & Education
Broader Impacts & Community Linkages 64
Developing the Roadmap
ScientistsSocieties
FederationsProgramsAgenciesIndustry
ChartCommunicate
CoordinateContract
CollaborateConverge
Seek Consensus
CapabilitiesPriorities
TechnologyOrganization
PoliciesPracticesFunding
need to for
Agenda
1. Welcome2. Purpose and Scope of the Governance Roadmap
Workshop3. Background and Research on Governance4. How We Jumpstart the Planning Process5. Governance Examples6. What are Governance Functions? 7. Broader Impacts & Linkages to Other
Communities8. Governance Use Cases/Mental Exercises9. Community Discussion
Governance unknowns, potential issues, challenges, and
general items that will come up in governance
Hannes E. LeetaruIllinois State Geological
SurveyUniversity of Illinois
Use Cases for Governance• How should we deal with new types
of data? Or new paradigms of data management, discovery, publishing?
• How would you coordinate with resources under someone else's control?
• How might we deal with compliance? Different levels of compliance? Different levels of capabilities?
Issues to Avoid:Governance for Now not Future
• Conservative or short-term thinking– “No one will want to integrate large amounts
of data together…They would only be interested in subsets” vs. LSST onsite cluster
– We should avoid limiting our outcomes by thinking of one governance model forever.
• Governance will be different as EarthCube evolves• How could the governance process enable its own
evolution?
• Governance must be for now and the future
Governance may change as EarthCube evolves
• We currently have a loosely federated to feudal system with our geoscience data.– Initial governance model must take that into
consideration
• As with most bureaucracies, as time goes on there could be a push to centralize– This may be either good or bad – The risk is the domain specialists lose control – The benefit is cohesive archiving standards
Issues to Avoid: Group Think
• Happens when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
• It is easy for a dominant idea to become the standard for governance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupthink
Issues to Avoid: Group Think (Cont’d)
Consensus-driven decisions are the result of the following practices of group thinking:• Incomplete survey of alternatives• Incomplete survey of objectives• Failure to examine risks of preferred choice• Failure to reevaluate previously rejected
alternatives• Poor information search• Selection bias in collecting information• Failure to work out contingency plans
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupthink
Road Map Considerations:Cross-Domain Coordination
• Avoiding or mitigating the tyranny of the big over the small– How do we ensure all have equal voice?
• Concerns of the Domain Specialists balanced with the capabilities of the Information Technologists
Agenda
1. Welcome2. Purpose and Scope of the Governance Roadmap
Workshop3. Background and Research on Governance4. How We Jumpstart the Planning Process5. Governance Examples6. What are Governance Functions? 7. Broader Impacts & Linkages to Other
Communities8. Governance Use Cases/Mental Exercises9. Community Discussion