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E-mobility
The transition towards sustainable mobility Prof. Dr. ir. Joeri Van Mierlo Director of Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology Research Centre
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 2
25%
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 3 Joris Besseling
57% NOx – 25% PM
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 4
Jonathan C. Wheeler
1 Billion Euro’s per Day for import of Oil in Europe
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 5
Manon
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 6
Strong foundations
1979 - Vrije Universiteit Brussel
2014 - Vrije Universiteit Brussel
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Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Key assets
Sustainable logistics
Electric and hybrid vehicles Battery Innovation Centre
Urban mobility
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Our expert tools
MAMCA©
LCA
ECC
Business Modelling
Consumer behaviour
VSP
Battery models
Power electronics
Big Data
LAMBIT
TRABAM
Location Analysis
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Our infrastructure
Electric and hybrid vehicle test infrastructure
Power electronics and machine lab
Battery Innovation Centre infrastructure
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Key data
40 years of expertise
140 projects over last 5 years
12 current EU Projects
18 nationalities
70 + team members
>4M€ M€ turnover
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Network and Expertise Organizations
VLW
Brussels Regional Mobility Commission
MOBI Asset
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Partners
12
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Vrije Universiteit Brussel
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Growth
0
500.000
1.000.000
1.500.000
2.000.000
2.500.000
3.000.000
3.500.000
4.000.000
4.500.000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Industry
IWT, Belspo, Innoviris, etc
EU
€
Over the past 5 years the group undertook • 21 EU projects, • 59 projects with the industry, • and 61 projects funded by national organizations.
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
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Ongoing EU projects
E-mobility
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 16
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 17
Top 3 Barriers for EVs
Limited charging infrastructure
Limited driving range
High purchase cost
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Charging
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Infrastructure needs Where is your car during one week?
Home Work
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0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
70,00%
Vlaanderen Walonië Brussel
Garage en parking gelegenheden in België
% aantal gebouwen met garage, parking of overdekte staanplaats / aantal gebouwen
% aantal gebouwen met garage, parking of overdekte staanplaats / aantal woongelegenheden
Bron: FOD Economie
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo MOBI - Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology 23
Intelligent roll-out of infrastructure
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo
Charging Infrastructure Location Fast Chargers
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How Green are Clean vehicles?
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Real life emissions (exhaust/non-‐‑exhaust/non regulated)
M. Messagie- VUB 27
Real-‐‑time emissions of full supply chain of electricity generation
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Extensive Bill-‐‑of-‐‑Materials of all components
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 29
Life Cycle Assessment
Raw materials
Production of components
Assembly and distribiution
Waste
Raw materials
Refining and transport
Distribution
Usage
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo
Ozone formation
Elementary flows
Midpoint impacts
Endpoint Damages
Climate change
Acidification
Eutrophication Fossil fuel depletion
PM formation Land use
Human toxicity
Radiation Eco toxicity
Ozone depletion
CO2, CH4, N2O, NOx, Cd, Benzene, iron ore, hard coal, land use, … and other elementary flows (emissions and resources)
Human health Ecosystem
Resource availability
Single score
Mineral depletion
Water use
Inventory model
Raw materials Production of components
Assembly and distribiution
Waste
Raw materials Refining and production
Distribution
Usage
WTT Maintenance
Production
TTW
Road infrastructure 30
FU: 209,470 km (14.1 years, 14,856 km/yr)
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Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 31
Climate change
Messagie, Maarten; Boureima, Faycal-Siddikou; Coosemans, Thierry; Macharis, Cathy; Van Mierlo, Joeri (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Pages: 1467-1482
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo
Ozone formation
Elementary flows
Midpoint impacts
Climate change
Acidification
Eutrophication Fossil fuel depletion
PM formation Land use
Human toxicity
Radiation Eco toxicity
Ozone depletion
CO2, CH4, N2O, NOx, Cd, Benzene, iron ore, hard coal, land use, … and other elementary flows (emissions and resources)
Mineral depletion
Water use
Inventory model
Raw materials Production of components
Assembly and distribiution
Waste
Raw materials Refining and production
Distribution
Usage
WTT Maintenance
Production
TTW
Road infrastructure
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Single score
33 http://www.demorgen.be/wetenschap/positieve-effecten-elektrische-auto-op-
luchtkwaliteit-overschat-b003bdaf/ Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 34
Air quality in Belgium
"ʺThe most detailed analysis of human health impact of Electric Vehicles”: hDp://mobi.vub.ac.be/mobi/news/the-‐‑most-‐‑detailed-‐‑analysis-‐‑of-‐‑human-‐‑health-‐‑impact-‐‑of-‐‑electric-‐‑vehicles-‐‑by-‐‑mobi/ (English)
-‐‑Compositie van slijtage van banden en remschijven -‐‑Verspreiding, opname en schade van de toxische stoffen -‐‑Real-‐‑life emissies -‐‑incl. Non-‐‑regulated emissies
Refinery-to-tank (RTT)
Tank-to-Wheel (TTW)
Non-Exhaust (NEx)
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Supply chain risks Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo
Vehicle database
Parameterized LCI model
Monte Carlo assessment
Vehicle segmentation
Data fitting
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,1
0,12
970
1035.4
1100.8
1166.2
1231.6
1297
1362.4
1427.8
1493.2
Density
Weight [kg]
Parameterized vehicle-LCA model
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Single score
Messagie, M., et.al.. (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Pages: 1467-1482
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Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo
Influence of the electricity mix
Ref: Messagie, M., et.al. (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES
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How affordable are Clean Vehicles?
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TCO methodology
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo
Passenger cars – medium cars
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Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo
Passenger cars – medium cars - subsidy
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo
Passenger cars – premium cars
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo
Company cars – medium cars
Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo
Company cars – premium cars
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Electrification: 1 mln. additional jobs in 2030 in EU 2 mln. additional jobs in 2050 in EU
50 Source: Fuelling EUROPE’S Future, 2013
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Fun to drive and …. J
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Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo Phone +32 2 629 28 03 Email [email protected] Office Building Z (ZE109)
Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels mobi.vub.ac.be twitter.com/MOBI_VUB
Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Research centre Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Pag.
End of Oil (video)
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