E-Learning
Quality is in the control it givesto the end user
EDUTEC CONFERENCE
Tarragona, September 2006
John StephensonEmeritus Professor, Middlesex University, London, UK
Most of these slides are available on the internet at:
http://www.johnstephenson.net/edutec06.ppt/
The Internet has transformed our lives….
Travel
Music
News
Business
Work
Why not in education?
ICT has revolutionised roles of intermediaries and put
the client in control
The end of
the “pre-planned course”?
The Internet is already transforming education…
Essays on demand
Title
Plagiarism
Degrees for sale
Virtual campuses
Wiki Website or similar online resource which allows users to add and edit content collectively. See Wikipedia.com
Audio material via iPods - user generated, or - broadcast - learning materials e.g. languages?
Podcast
Online diary, increasingly used in HE
- monitoring of own learning and experience
- initiating discussion around propositions
- organic learner led communities of interest
- public, shared (eg with tutor) totally private
Blog
Emerging tools for learner managed learning
MySpace
• a social networking website offering an interactive
user-submitted network of friends, personal profiles,
blogs, groups, photos, music, MP3s, and videos.
• the world's fourth most popular English-language website • third most popular website in the United States, • 109 million accounts • new registrations at the rate of 230,000 per day.
Apple iTV and iTunes
Apple’s new movie download service (September 12th 2006)
- 75 downloadable full length feature films to iTunes
- Apple's iTunes 1.5 billion downloaded songs sold
- Apple movies on TV via wireless link to computer
The Perfect e-storms
1: Emerging Technology, (30+ useful emerging tools)
2: Learner Demand, for e-learning degrees 3: Enhanced Pedagogy – more learner control
4: Erased Pedagogy - redundant methodsCurtis Bonk 2004
The WebQuest
Resources universally & instantly available, worldwide
Web Quests
• If you cannot beat them, use them.• Internet use is a fact of life so learn to do it well• Focus on intelligent use of the internet
– Judging provenance and relevance– Proper citations– Critiques of source materials
• Develop independent engagement with materials
Stop Press:
Exams in UK ‘will be overhauled
in a bid to eradicate pupils
cheating by using the Internet…’
The Observer, 20 - 8 - 06
If you wish to join the online debate - go to
http://learnersincontrol.blogspot.com/
The WebQuest as a learner managed learning tool
Focuses on • techniques of searching• using rather than finding information• judging relevance of source and content• justifying selection of material• gaps in what is available• demonstrating relevance of content to topic• citation of sources• what has been learned about searching
Quests can be• teacher led (initiation of method)• learner developed, encouraging personal growth
Blue-water Shopping Centre,
near London
Drop-in learning centres
Suburban public library
Commuter train station
Drop-in learning centres
Already here!
Convergence!+ +
multi-media streaming, internet video tutoring - 1 to 1, 1 to many, groups
wireless, anywhere(?), anytimegames / TV remote navigation, controls
8 million PS2s already in UK
Potential for
learning?
…towards alearner centred,
learner managed approach
The technology is increasingly driving us ….
The end of
the “pre-planned course”?
Challenges for Education
Pedagogical coherence
Capability and competence
A way of looking at the world
of actions
Unfamiliarcontext
Familiarcontext
Unfamiliarproblems
Familiarproblems
Capability and competence
Position YCompetence:
Reliable delivery;Performancestandards;
Error elimination;Technical expertise;
Establishedprocedures;TRAINING
Unfamiliarcontext
Familiarcontext
Unfamiliarproblems
Familiarproblems
Y
Position ZExposure, Autonomy,Networks peersProblem formulation,Courage, risk,Imagination, intuition,creativity;ResponsibilityLEARNING
Unfamiliarcontext
Familiarcontext
Unfamiliarproblems
Familiarproblems
Capability and competence
Z
Research on e-learning: key words
• ownership• responsibility• flexible• personalised• self-managed• help• recognition
Teacher
Supplier
ManagerDesigner
Technician
Learner
Key Actors inE-learning
Learning model
Communication via a common understanding
Researcher
• Offer the time, place, pace and style that responds to your needs
UfI/learndirect’s pledges to learners
• Clear information to enable personal choices and control
• Materials relevant to your interests that actively involve you
• Help to monitor your own progress and record your achievements
• To give you easy access to the specialist support you need
• To put you in touch with other people studying the same topics
• To help you relate your learning to your longer term ambitions
Instructivist
Constructivist
Industrial
PostIndustrial
TeacherCentred
LearnerCentred
Experiential
Learning styles
TacitLearningLearning
Cycles
Authentic
Situated
Problem-Based
Communitiesof practice
PedagogyJargon
“Let’s KISS!”
Keep it so simple
Learner managed process
TeacherControlledProcess
Open ended,
strategic learner directed
Teacher Specified
tasks
NW NE
SW SE
Online Pedagogy Grid
Presents traditional training and teaching by innovative means
Giveslearners control overstyle, location, pace,duration, sequence
but not task
Process predetermined- learners explore
content and direction.
System liberates andsupports learners to
decide and control own direction
and process
Coomey,M Stephenson,J 2001, It’s all about Dialogue, Involvement, Support and Control, in Teaching and Learning Online, Stephenson, J, Kogan Page London
Learner managed process
TeacherControlledProcess
Open ended,
strategic learner directed
NW
Teacher Specified
tasks
NE
SW SE
Online Pedagogy Grid
•Learner managed learning environment;
•Customised intuitive tools
•Wikis podcasts and blogs
•Google and other open sources
•online mentoring.
Learner managed process
TeacherControlledProcess
Open ended, strategic learner
directed
Teacher Specified
tasks
NW NE
SW SE
Online Pedagogy Grid
(Coomey,M. & Stephenson,J. 2001)
Vast majority of cases in research literature were in NW, some in NE and SW, few in SE
The SE quadrant is where e-learning in
work/life can be most effective
Some working examples of IT facilitated ‘New Education’ for the 21st Century
The Islamic University of Gaza
The Learndirect Learning-Through-Work programme
Job-start in the Australian Outback
Self managed development via e-portfolios
Islamic University Gaza (IUG) July 2004
• IUG wanted to train a core local team who can train others on developing electronic supportive content.
• Trainer(s): 1 or 2 specialised and experienced British professionals
• Duration: workshop for two groups, each for 24 training hours over five days
• Location: All training will take place at IUG in Gaza
A British Council - Middlesex University project
Islamic University Gaza (IUG)
Pedagogical approach• Learner-managed learning approach
not a content driven, step-by-step training session
• Establish each participant's starting point
• Work with their peers in their cohort group
• Individual learning agreements
Islamic University Gaza (IUG)
Initial discussion setting up tasks and
groups
Islamic University Gaza (IUG)
Students presenting
their own proposals
for feedback
See at http://www.learndirect-ltw.co.uk/
The UfI/Learndirect
Learning Through Work Degree Programme
See at http://www.learndirect-ltw.co.uk/
The UfI/Learndirect
Learning Through Work Degree Programme (LtW)
An opportunity for individuals and work-based groups to get university qualifications without leaving the workplace.
A partnership between work and university negotiated by individuals
Customised programmes built on existing skills and knowledge and focused on work-related learning.
See at http://www.learndirect-ltw.co.uk/
Learning Through Work Degree Programme
Individualised, developed by learners themselves
Internet LtW platform providesmaterials to support the learning process;
The WEB providesspecialist materials, networks etc;
University providesonline tutor, quality assurance, final award
Work providesprojects and opportunities for learning;
Exploration Online tasters, is it for me, what’s involved
Design Examples, level statements, procedures, ideas, expert advice, content areas, activities
Negotiation Registration of personalised programme with
a university
Implementation Pursue registered programme with university support
Demonstration Show achievements against agreed criteria to
gain award
Structure of Learning Through Work Programme
2,500 learners have successfully registered programmes
Online Learning Through Work - some beneficiaries
John’s
Control centre
Activities- ongoing- recent
Personal log- goals- achievements- credit bank- private - reflections
Resource library- assembled by ‘back office’ in response to stated / inferred interests / company interests
Plans - strategic,- immediate, progresspriorities
Networking - peers, employer, wider specialistcommunity
Pooled experience - knowledge bank, specialist help
Awards and qualifications - help with levels, assessment
The future - user managed portals?
Learner Managed University Awards
Imagine a course where the University does NOT provide the content
The student ENGAGES withresources,
issues, problems,
opportunities
from the Web,in society,
at the work-place, libraries and
life.
Roles of participants in Learner Managed university awards
Teachers Help learners in the above
Support, feedback
Advise on sources, progress
Universities Clarify level criteria for qualifications
Quality assurance
Learners Articulate plans, Justify proposals
Negotiate approval
Demonstrate achievement
Tutoring online for Learner Managed Programmes
Based on analyses of student / tutor online exchanges,students raised issues related to:-:
Control seeking, asserting, taking, assuming
Relevance of activity to course, self, aspirations
Affirmation am I doing the right thing
Reassurance am I good enough to do this
University culture is this what is expected, level?
Clarification possibilities, plans, constraints
Tutoring online for Learner Managed Programmes
Based on analyses of student / tutor online exchanges,tutors are helpful when their responses are:-
Empowering yes, it really is up to you
Enabling this will help you
Reassuring yes, you can do it
Facilitating I’ll see what I can do for you
Extending have you thought of taking it further
Confirming you are on the right track
Explaining procedures, levels, requirements
Content is cheap and widely available.
Feedback and guidance are essential.
Academic support is expensive.
So……
Use the most expensive resource on the most valuable service
Financial arguments usually prevail!
E-Learning
Quality is in the control it givesto the end user
EDUTEC CONFERENCE
Tarragona, September 2006
John StephensonEmeritus Professor, Middlesex University, London, UK
Most of these slides are available on the internet at:
http://www.johnstephenson.net/edutec06.pdf