1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
Does e-health damage the relationship
patient-general practitioner?
Sabina De Rosis Phd in Management | [email protected]
Sara Barsanti Research Fellow | [email protected]
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
A wide debate in the scientific community
• There are ambiguous evidences about how use of e-health can impact on the relationship empowered-patient/practitioner.
• There is a wide debate in the scientific and professional community about the role of e-health in the evolution of patient-practitioner relationship.
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
A wide debate in the scientific community
Less “information asymmetry”. More
balance in who knows what.
Other channels of communication,
together with face-to-face.
More productive consultations.
Empowerment and improved capabilities
of patients’ self-healthcare (chronic
deseases).
Collaborative approach to the
decision process.
More efficiency in the use of time by GPs.
Increase of distances between patients and physicians.
The physician is the only and unique sourch and gatekeeper
of informations.
High risks because:
• Information online is not accurate, or not comprehensible, or not correct…,
• Privacy,
• Less equity of access to care and of empowerment (digital divide, capabilities to use the internet, …).
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
Which is the PROFILE of the e-health user?
Which are the determinant factors of use of e-health?
Illustration by Thomas James
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
Which are the PURPOSES OF E-HEALTH USE and relative
determinants? satisfaction and experiences of Primary Care
Illustration by Thomas James
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
Banksy “Peace and Love Doctor ”
Which are the OUTCOMES of e-health ( relationship between
user-patient and general practitioner) and their determinants?
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
Data
Database of results of “INDAGINE POPOLAZIONE TOSCANA 2012”, a survey about the satisfaction of inhabitants of Tuscany Region for primary care, local services, information and communication about health services.
The sample is casual and stratified for areas (zona-distretto) with a confidence interval of 95%.
The survey was tested and then administered by CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews) between November 2012 and February 2013.
The number of respondents is about 7,800 persons.
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
Methodology
After a co-linearity analysis, descriptive statistics and logistic regression model, using odds ratio for interpretation of results.
Socio-demographic Age Gender Education
Health needs (perceived) Chronic diseases Health status
Enabling resources Internet access at home
Satisfaction for
Time spent with their GP
Explanations offered by their GP
Involvement by GP in the decisions
Suggestions of GP about life style
Overall, for the GP
Knowledge of local care services
Overall, for the local health care
Experience
Number of GP visit per year
Number of times they return to health care offices for the same
purpose
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
The most likely profile of the Internet-
user in Tuscany Region:
o Young (44% between 18-45 yrs ;
p<.001) or an adult (47.4%
between 46-65 yrs ; p<.001)
o Medium-high level of education
(77.4%; p<.001)
o With a positive perception of
their health status (95%; p=.003)
o Do not suffer of chronic
diseases (67%; p=0.0002)
Of the sub-sample of 2,036 individuals 34% says they use e-health
Results | The e-health user
Illustration: Tracy Walker
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
Results | The purposes of use
Illustration by Emmanuel Polanco
•Deep info received during a visit
•Look for a service or a doctor
• Self-diagnosis
•Look for a better life style
•Deep info received during a visit 66,4%
•Look for a service or a doctor 46,4%
• Self-diagnosis 25,4%
•Look for a better life style 10,7%
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
Results | The purposes of use
Factor/characteristic Look for a service or a doctor Deep info received during a visit Look for a better life style Self-diagnosis Satisfaction for GP Explanations not satisfied 1 1 1 1
quite satisfied 0.838 0.335 2.093 0.7050 0.861 0.370 2.004 0.0671 0.241 0.060 0.963 0.1440 1.622 0.440 5.976 0.4674
full satisfied 0.930 0.365 2.370 0.8794 0.709 0.301 1.673 0.1149 0.385 0.092 1.608 0.1906 1.278 0.335 4.878 0.7194 Participation not satisfied 1 1 1 1
quite satisfied 0.536 0.270 1.063 0.0743 0.983 0.524 1.843 0.9569 0.675 0.201 2.267 0.5254 0.902 0.360 2.262 0.8261 full satisfied 0.527 0.270 1.028 0.0603 0.965 0.520 1.791 0.9092 0.532 0.159 1.782 0.3063 0.875 0.352 2.173 0.7734
Suggestions about life style
not satisfied 1 1 1 1
quite satisfied 1.018 0.724 1.431 0.9183 1.319 0.981 1.773 0.7291 1.508 0.792 2.871 0.2114 1.050 0.679 1.626 0.8258 full satisfied 0.961 0.692 1.334 0.8098 1.258 0.946 1.672 0.4329 1.545 0.827 2.887 0.1722 0.914 0.596 1.403 0.6821
Experience with GP Number of GP visits per year
Never or 1 time 1 1 1 1 2-3 times 0.808 0.521 1.252 0.3394 0.855 0.577 1.269 0.4378 1.137 0.469 2.759 0.7762 0.920 0.521 1.626 0.7741
> 3 times 0.848 0.547 1.316 0.4628 0.780 0.525 1.159 0.2196 1.263 0.520 3.063 0.6061 1.165 0.664 2.044 0.5946
Satisfaction for LHS Overall satisfaction
not satisf. at all 1 1 1 1 not very satisf. 0.524 0.229 1.199 0.1258 0.521 0.248 1.095 0.0852 1.892 0.230 15.585 0.5533 0.511 0.190 1.378 0.1848
quite satisfied 0.468 0.212 1.031 0.0596* 0.449 0.221 0.914 0.0272* 2.079 0.265 16.279 0.4858 0.525 0.207 1.335 0.1761
very satisficed 0.394 0.180 0.862 0.0198* 0.393 0.195 0.796 0.0094* 1.032 0.130 8.187 0.9763 0.533 0.212 1.341 0.1813
full satisfied 0.314 0.103 0.961 0.0425* 0.275 0.103 0.731 0.0096* 1.325 0.110 15.994 0.8249 0.611 0.168 2.225 0.4547 Knowledge about LH services
not satisf. at all 1 1 1 1 not very satisf. 0.980 0.606 1.584 0.9346 1.171 0.759 1.806 0.4748 0.678 0.311 1.479 0.3291 0.858 0.482 1.526 0.6017 quite satisfied 1.123 0.692 1.823 0.6374 1.473 0.954 2.274 0.0804 0.617 0.277 1.376 0.2381 0.782 0.433 1.412 0.4145 very satisficed 1.148 0.555 2.375 0.7098 1.867 0.993 3.510 0.0626 0.852 0.241 3.012 0.8038 0.637 0.232 1.750 0.3819 full satisfied 0.452 0.089 2.309 0.3402 0.717 0.180 2.850 0.6364 <0.001 <.001 >999.999 0.9861 0.910 0.177 4.686 0.9102
Experience with LHS Return to LHS offices
never 1 1 1 1
sometimes 1.291 0.893 1.867 0.1750 0.999 0.439 2.273 0.9985 0.776 0.378 1.590 0.4880 0.854 0.505 1.445 0.5568 always 2.152 0.953 4.864 0.0653 1.514 1.102 2.080 0.0106* 0.946 0.203 4.411 0.9440 2.712 1.111 6.625 0.0285*
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
92% of e-health users
said that they
DISCUSS
WITH THE GP
what they find
on the Internet.
Results | The outcome of e-health use
Illustration by Keith Negley
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
Factor/characteristic Report to GP the e-health findings
Satisfaction for GP
Explanations not satisfied 1
quite satisfied 0.518 0.133 2.018 0.3432
full satisfied 0.520 0.129 2.092 0.3572
Participation not satisfied 1
quite satisfied 5.664 2.091 15.340 0.0006*
full satisfied 3.460 1.344 8.912 0.0101*
Suggestions about life style not satisfied 1
quite satisfied 1.214 0.699 2.107 0.4919
full satisfied 2.687 1.446 4.993 0.0018*
Experience with GP
Number of GP visits per year Never or one time 1
2-3 times 0.739 0.369 1.481 0.3940
more than 3 times 1.386 0.665 2.888 0.3840
Satisfaction for LHS
Overall satisfaction not satisfied at all 1
not very satisfied 2.516 0.685 9.243 0.1645
quite satisfied 1.563 0.464 5.259 0.4709
very satisficed 2.088 0.615 7.088 0.2376
full satisfied 6.264 0.522 75.224 0.1480
Knowledge about LHS not satisfied at all 1
not very satisfied 1.057 0.450 2.479 0.8994
quite satisfied 1.049 0.449 2.450 0.9119
very satisficed 0.461 0.147 1.445 0.1843
full satisfied >999.999 <0.001 >999.999 0.9889
Experience with LHS
Return to LHS offices due to
inefficiencies/similar
never 1
sometimes 1.028 0.533 1.984 0.9791
always 1.487 0.307 7.201 0.9791
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
E-health and relationship with GP
Patients and e-health users INVOLVE THEIR OWN GP about what they find on the internet MORE IF THEY FEEL MORE INVOLVED by their own GP about decisions related to their healthcare and wellness (life-style).
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
Some conclusions
Who is the health-information seeker online?
E-health user: young, literate and healthy.
A problem of EQUITY... or an OPPORTUNITY for a tailored
communication and health literacy and for the promotion of
new media?
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
Some conclusions
Are SATISFACTION and EXPERIENCE of
primary care determinant factors of e-health?
YES, but only satisfaction and experience of LOCAL
HEALTH CARE!
Satisfaction and experience of the GP are significant
determinants not of e-health use, but only of e-health
outcome…
1171- De Rosis ID:EFPC20141171
Some conclusions
Does e-health damage the relationship
patient-general practitioner?
NO, if the patient is satisfied for the previous relationship with
the GP.
NO, if the GP involves the patient in the decisions about
healthcare and wellbeing.
NO, if the patient-EMPOWERMENT process stars in the
ambulatory of the GP.