Open ScienceDr. Dr.Phil. Rene VON SCHOMBERGTeam Leader-Open science policy coordination and development
European CommissionDG Research & InnovationA.6-Data, Open Access and Foresight
Open Science: a new approach to the research process
Open Science
• Based on cooperative work and new ways of diffusing and sharing knowledge using digital technologies and new collaborative tools
• A systemic change to the way science is organised and research iscarried out
• It affects virtually all components of doing science and research, from conceptual work to publishing, from empirical research to data-analysis.
• Shifting focus from "publishing as fast as possible" to "sharing knowledge as early as possible"
• 2014 Public consultation on ‘Science 2.0: Science in Transition’
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Source : http://ec.europa.eu/research/consultations/science-2.0/background.pdf
Collaborative bibliographies
Analysis
Open Science
Open Science – opening up the research process
Analysis
Publication
ReviewConceptualisation
Data gathering
Open access
Scientific blogs Collaborative
bibliographies
Alternative Reputation
systems
Citizens science Open
code
Open workflows
Open annotation
Open data
Pre-print
Data-intensive
4
Sci-starter.com
Runmycode.org
Impact Story
Openannotation.org
Anemergingecosystemofservicesandstandards
It's real!
11%
22%
26%
28%
32%
36%
34%
30%
43%
47%
76%
33%
40%
45%
44%
41%
39%
42%
46%
43%
43%
22%
6%
6%
3%
3%
6%
2%
6%
4%
3%
34%
22%
20%
19%
15%
16%
14%
17%
9%
7%
2%
16%
9%
6%
6%
6%
7%
4%
3%
3%
2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Citizens acting as scientists
Scientific publishers engaging in 'Science 2.0'
Public demand for faster solutions to Societal Challenges
Growing public scrutiny of science and research
Public funding supporting 'Science 2.0'
Public demand for better and more effective science
Growing criticism of current peer-review system
Increase of the global scientific population
Researchers looking for new ways of collaboration
Researchers looking for new ways of disseminating their output
Availability of digital technologies and their increased capacities
What are the key drivers of 'Science 2.0'?
I totally agree I partially agree I don´t know I partially disagree I totally disagree
26%
44%
43%
43%
35%
47%
43%
46%
50%
53%
44%
32%
37%
38%
46%
35%
41%
39%
38%
35%
6%
6%
4%
6%
5%
6%
4%
5%
4%
3%
17%
13%
13%
9%
10%
10%
9%
9%
7%
8%
7%
5%
3%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
1%
2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Concerns about ethical and privacy issues
Lack of incentives for junior scientists to engage with 'Science 2.0'
Lack of research skills fit for 'Science 2.0'
Legal constraints (e.g. copyright law)
Uncertain benefits for researchers
Lack of financial support
Limited awareness of benefits of 'Science 2.0 for researchers
Lack of integration in the existing infrastructures
Lack of credit-giving to 'Science 2.0'
Concerns about quality assurance
What are the barriers for 'Science 2.0' at the level of individual scientist?
I totally agree I partially agree I don´t know I partially disagree I totally disagree
18%
21%
29%
33%
37%
41%
42%
42%
46%
40%
39%
47%
43%
41%
38%
40%
41%
37%
8%
9%
6%
6%
6%
6%
6%
3%
4%
26%
22%
14%
15%
13%
13%
10%
11%
10%
8%
9%
4%
4%
3%
3%
3%
3%
2%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Crowd-funding an important research funding source
Research more responsive to society through crowd-funding
Science more responsive to societal challenges
Reconnect science and society
Greater scientific integrity
Data-intensive science as a key economic driver
Faster and wider innovation
Science more efficient
Science more reliable (e.g. re-use of data)
What are the implications of 'Science 2.0‘ for society, the economy and the research system?
I totally agree I partially agree I don´t know
I partially disagree I totally disagree
Background
7.4 7.46.9
6.25.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3
4.7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Mea
n r
anki
ng
posi
tion
On what issues within 'Science 2.0' do you see a need for policy intervention?
Mean
Mean - std
Mean + std
Rank : the lowest need (1) to the highest need (11)
Five lines of potential policy actions
Open Science
• Fostering and creating incentives for Open Science
• Removing barriers to Open Science
• Mainstreaming and further promoting Open Access policies
• Developing research infrastructures for Open Science
• Embedding Open Science in society as a socio-economicdriver
Notes:tiamultriciesnisivelaugue.Curabiturullamcorperultriciesnisi.Namegetdui.Etiamrhoncus.Maecenastempus,tellusegetcondimentumrhoncus,semquamsemperlibero,
Open Science: key issues
Open Science
• The European Open Science Cloud
• Advancing Open Access and Data Policies
• Alternative systems to evaluate the quality and impact of research
• Text and Data Mining
• Towards better, more efficient and more Open Science
• Fostering Research Integrity
• Making science more inclusive: Citizen Science
Notes:tiamultriciesnisivelaugue.Curabiturullamcorperultriciesnisi.Namegetdui.Etiamrhoncus.Maecenastempus,tellusegetcondimentumrhoncus,semquamsemperlibero,
Discovery Analysis Writing Publication Outreach Assessment
Elsevier
Springer Nature Digital Science
Wikimedia
Open ScienceSource: http://innoscholcomm.silk.co
Open Science: From Open Access to Open Scholarly Communication
Public or private initiatives at every level of the research process offering specific services to researchers
Layer of "commons"
New initiatives allowing the scholarly process to be carried out differently
Open ScienceSource: http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2015/11/11/101-innovations-in-scholarly-communication/
researchgovernance
changes
technicalchanges &standards
economic& copyright
changes
GOOD
OPENEFFICIENT
Towards ‘better science’ – Good, efficient and Open Science
§ connected tools & platforms§ no publ. size restrictions§ null result publishing§ speed of publication§ (web)standards, IDs§ semantic discovery§ Re-useability§ versioning
§ open peer review§ open (lab)notes § plain language§ open drafting§ open access
§ CC-0/BY
§ declaring competing interests§ replication & reproducibility§ meaningful assessment§ effective quality checks§ credit where it is due§ no fraud, plagiarism
Open Science Policy Platform and European Open Science Agenda
• May 2016 Competitiveness Council:
• "NOTES the establishment of the Open Science Policy Platform by the Commission, which aims at supporting the further development of the European Open Science policy and promoting the uptake by stakeholders of best practices, including issues such as adapting reward and evaluation systems, alternative models for open access publishing and management of research data (including archiving), altmetrics, guiding principles for optimal reuse of research data, development and use of standards, and other aspects of open science such as fostering research integrity and developing citizen science";
• Commissioner Moedas will inform the Council biannually on advances of the Platform (which consist of 25 Key stakeholders-European Branch Organisations)
European Commission
DSM & framework conditions for data:• Copyright - TDM• Data Protection• Free Flow of Data• …
ERA & framework conditions for actors:• European Charter for
researchers • Code of conduct for
Research Integrity• Charter for Access to
Research Infra• …
Open Science Policy Platform
Wide input from stakeholders:• ad-hoc meetings and workshops• e-platform with wider community• reports and independent experts
ü EG on open science cloudü EG on altmetricsü EG on alt. business models
for OA publishingü EG on FAIR open data
opinions
advice
context
European Open Science Agenda:• OA publishing models• FAIR open data• Science Cloud• Alt metrics• Rewards & careers• Education & skills• Citizen Science• Research integrity• …
Open Science Policy Platform
Next-generation altmetrics:responsible metrics and evaluation for open science
EU Expert Group Altmetrics
Development of recommendations
Hearings Call forEvidence6
Experts
• 5 headline findings• 12 targeted recommendations organised
under four of the headings of the European Open Science Agenda:• Foster open science• Remove barriers to open science• Develop research infrastructures for open science • Embed open science in society
Recommendations
• No perfect metrics: neither alternative, nor traditional
• Responsible use of metrics is key
• Open science requires open metrics
Headline findings
Selected recommendationsRecommendations Short Term Goals Long Term Goal
Ground an open science system in a mix of expert judgement, quantitative, andqualitative measures
Provide guidelines forresponsible metrics in support of open science
Fostering open
science
Selected recommendationsRecommendations Short Term Goals Long Term Goal
Ground an open science system in a mix of expert judgement, quantitative, andqualitative measures
Provide guidelines forresponsible metrics in support of open science
Fostering open
scienceMake better use ofexisting metrics foropen science
Assess suitability ofindicators, encouragedevelopment of newindicators
Selected recommendationsRecommendations Short Term Goals Long Term Goal
Open, transparent and linked datainfrastructure formetrics in open science
Use open metrics andreward adoption of open science principles andpractices Removing
barriersto
openscience
Selected recommendationsRecommendations Short Term Goals Long Term Goal
Open, transparent and linked datainfrastructure formetrics in open science
Use open metrics andreward adoption of open science principles andpractices Removing
barriersto
openscienceMeasure whatmatters
Highlight howinappropriate use ofindicators can impedeopen science
Initial endorsement by OSPP-I• Mix of expert judgement, quantitative and
qualitative measures.
• Transparency and accuracy are crucial
• Make better use of existing metrics for open science
• open, transparent data infrastructure
• Measure what matters
Initial endorsement by OSPP-II• clear guidelines for the responsible use of metrics
• development of new indicators and use suitable existing ones for open science.
• adoption and implementation of open science principles and practices should be rewarded
• highlight how the inappropriate use of indicators (whether conventional or altmetrics or next generation metrics) can impede progress towards open science
To conclude with some problems…• -Does Good Metrics for Science 'equals' good
metrics for Open Science? • -Impacts of research is becoming more important,
but what is a good impact?• -metrics can never directly measure 'impact' and
'excellence'(regardless how their definition)- Are metrics not more useful for what they are not created for?)
Hence (RvS): indicators for engagement with Open Science (not focus on individual "productivity" of researchers)