What We Are Learning from COVID-19 and How it Could Impact Transportation Planning in the San Diego RegionBoard of Directors Meeting | July 24, 2020
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Regional Plan and Transportation Projects: State and Federal Laws
Climate change and air quality: greenhouse gas emissions, smog, localized air pollution
Social equity: compliance with federal civil rights requirements (Title VI) and environmental justice considerations
SB 743: shift to vehicle miles traveled to evaluate impacts of transportation projectsDRAFT
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Learning from the COVID-19 Crisis:Re-envisioning Transportation Investments
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Auto Crisis
Sub-Prime Mortgage Crisis
Global Financial Crisis
Economic Crises in the 21st Century R
eces
sion
Gre
at
Rec
essi
on
CO
VID
-19
Rec
essi
on
2001
2000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
CoronaVirus“Dot-Com”
Bubble
September 11Attacks
Housing Market Bubble
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Unemployment
Communities
Economic Sectors
Small Business
Taxable Sales
COVID-19 Impacts Many Aspects of the Lives and Communities in our Region
CoronaVirus
• Families• Geographies• Mental Health• Race & Ethnicity• Transportation
• Tourism & Entertainment• Hospitality• Restaurants/Food & Beverage• Retail
• Closures• Layoffs• Inability to pay bills
• Reduction in Savings• Inability to Pay Mortgage• New Career
• Sales Tax Revenue• Local Jurisdictions• TransNet RevenueDRAFT
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Tracking the Reopening
Pre-Covid March April May June July
Unemployment 3% 3% 4% 5% 10% 15% 18% 21% 22% 24% 25% 23% 22% 20% 19% 17% 16% 14%
VMT 100% 101% 93% 70% 54% 54% 49% 54% 58% 62% 66% 69% 72% 72% 75% 81% 83% 85% 81% 84%
Overall Mobility DataRetail and Recreation 100% 103% 98% 71% 54% 55% 49% 45% 41% 46% 51% 51% 54% 57% 60% 66% 67% 67% 69% 69%
Grocery and Drugstore 100% 102% 108% 102% 79% 79% 73% 75% 80% 83% 90% 88% 89% 90% 91% 93% 92% 91% 93% 88%
Foot traffic by type of businessSupermarket 100% 100% 123% 92% 75% 75% 68% 66% 70% 71% 78% 72% 75% 75% 76% 75% 76% 75% 78% 71%
Apparel Stores 100% 96% 81% 35% 23% 22% 20% 21% 23% 25% 26% 26% 29% 37% 45% 58% 60% 61% 57% 55%
New Car Dealers 100% 93% 84% 55% 48% 44% 36% 42% 50% 51% 55% 60% 66% 66% 66% 67% 68% 74% 68% 66%
Building Material and Supply 100% 95% 93% 72% 73% 75% 54% 69% 84% 88% 90% 92% 94% 96% 97% 96% 92% 98% 91% 90%
Home Garden and Equipment 100% 100% 78% 61% 71% 76% 52% 72% 91% 106% 123% 123% 126% 119% 113% 114% 117% 119% 100% 109%
Personal Care Services 100% 88% 76% 49% 40% 39% 31% 33% 39% 40% 42% 43% 44% 49% 52% 52% 51% 55% 58% 58%
Golf Courses and Country Clubs 100% 90% 74% 41% 30% 32% 20% 23% 28% 34% 40% 44% 51% 54% 59% 64% 72% 69% 70% 67%
Fitness and Rec Sports Centers 100% 99% 84% 36% 24% 23% 19% 20% 23% 26% 28% 29% 32% 34% 38% 46% 49% 53% 50% 50%
Airport 100% 96% 80% 40% 15% 10% 7% 6% 8% 9% 11% 13% 17% 19% 20% 24% 26% 31% 34% 38%
Restaurants 100% 98% 84% 39% 33% 33% 28% 32% 35% 39% 41% 41% 46% 51% 55% 61% 61% 63% 64% 63%
Hotels 100% 91% 76% 38% 26% 23% 18% 19% 23% 32% 34% 35% 41% 45% 45% 57% 57% 63% 68% 66%
OthersRestaurant Reservations 100% 99% 70% 13% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 18% 23% 30% 36% 43% 36% 34%
SANDAG is monitoring key variables to determine how far each one is from returning back to normal (pre-COVID-19 levels)
Source: SANDAG based on Applied Geographic Solutions, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; Caltrans PeMS, Google mobility, SafeGraph COVID-19 Response Dataset - Weekly Patterns
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Significant Impact on Taxable Sales
Visits to restaurants, cafes, shopping centers, theme parks, museums, libraries, and movie theaters
-70-60-50-40-30-20-10
01020
2/15 3/1 3/16 3/31 4/15 4/30 5/15 5/30
San Diego Regional Economy
$
$200,000,000
$400,000,000
$600,000,000
$800,000,000
$1,000,000,000
$1,200,000,000
$1,400,000,000
3/9 3/16 3/23 3/30 4/6 4/13 4/20 4/27 5/4 5/11 5/18 5/25 6/1 6/8
PRE-COVID-19
MARCH AVERAGE, -25%
APRIL AVERAGE,-44%
MAY AVERAGE,-35%
San Diego Gross Regional Product
-7.1%
4.7%4.1% 2.6% 2.2%
2.0%
2018 2019 2020 2021Source: BEA, SANDAG estimates
Source: SANDAG
Source: Google mobility report
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UnemploymentImpact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis
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Population and Employment in the San Diego Region
1,000,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,500,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
Jan2000
Jan2001
Jan2002
Jan2003
Jan2004
Jan2005
Jan2006
Jan2007
Jan2008
Jan2009
Jan2010
Jan2011
Jan2012
Jan2013
Jan2014
Jan2015
Jan2016
Jan2017
Jan2018
Jan2019
Jan2020
# Employed Civilian Labor Force
Peak(Jul-07)
Recovery (Nov-13)
76 Months
120 Months
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), All Employees: Total Nonfarm in San Diego-Carlsbad, CA (MSA); SANDAG 2019 Estimates (2010-2019), SANDAG 2010 Intercensal Population and Housing Estimates (2000-2009)
Gre
at
Rec
essi
on
COVID-19 Stay Home Order
Trough(Mar-10)
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March 7, 2020 May 9, 2020 June 27, 202014.3% Avg3.3% Avg 25.0% Avg
Impact of COVID-19 on Employment in the San Diego Region
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Unemployment EstimatesNumber of Unemployed and Rate
3.1% 3.3% 3.6%4.5%
9.9%
14.6%
18.0%
20.7%22.3%
23.9%25.0%
23.5%21.7%
20.1%18.6%
17.0%15.7%
14.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Une
mpl
oym
ent R
ate
52,000 56,000
61,000 77,000
169,000
248,000
305,000
351,000 379,000
407,000 425,000
399,000 369,000
341,000 315,000
289,000 266,000
243,000
Source: Applied Geographic Solutions, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, Weekly Release July 6, 2020DRAFT
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San Diego Region Employment by Race and Ethnicity and Frontline WorkersShare of ethnic group in selected industries relative to their share of all employed residents
Esse
ntia
l -fro
ntlin
eN
on-e
ssen
tial
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Other frontline
Health Care
Child Care and Social Services
Grocery, Convenience, andDrug Stores
Retail
Food Service
Personal Care
Other (not frontline or highcontact)
Under-represented Over-representedBlack Hispanic Asian White
Asian over-represented
Asian over-represented
Hispanic over-represented
Hispanic over-represented
Hispanic over-represented
Hispanic over-represented
Hispanic over-represented
Black over-represented
Black over-represented
Black over-represented
SANDAG estimates based on Census Bureau ACS PUMS 5 Year 2014-2018 and the methodology by Hye Jin Rho, Hayley Brown, and Shawn Fremstad (2020) approach. See https://cepr.net/a-basic-demographic-profile-of-workers-in-frontline-industries/. Other frontline include employees in Public Transit, Trucking, Warehouse, and Postal Service and Building Cleaning Services.
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CommunitiesImpact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis
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Communities Most Impacted as of May 30An assessment of communities most impacted by both COVID-19 cases and unemployment
• 91910 (Chula Vista N)• 91911 (Chula Vista S)• 91917 (Dulzura)• 91932 (Imperial Beach)• 91950 (National City) • 91977 (Spring Valley)• 91978 (Rancho San Diego)• 92020 (El Cajon)• 92021 (El Cajon)• 92102 (Golden Hill)• 92105 (City Heights)• 92113 (Logan Heights)• 92114 (Encanto)• 92115 (College)• 92139 (Paradise Hills)• 92154 (Nestor)• 92173 (San Ysidro) DRAFT
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COVID-19 Cases and Estimated Unemployment by Race and Ethnicity
Hispanic
AsianWhite
Black
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Impact of COVID-19 and Unemployment by Race and Ethnicity in the San Diego Region
67%
52%
45%
70%
49%
42%43%
32%
24%
44%
18%14%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Black Hispanic Asian White
Unemployment COVID-19 CasesUnemployment and
COVID-19 Cases
Source: SANDAG Annual Estimates 2019; Applied Geographic Solutions, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; County of San Diego, Health and Human Services AgencyDRAFT
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Economic SectorsImpact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis
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San Diego Region Employment by Key Economic Sector
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
13%
10%
8%
11%
9%
7%
16%
16%
5%3%2%
Tourism
Innovation
Military
Healthcare
Education
Government
Retail
Finance, Insurance, Real EstateManufacturingConstructionTransportation
High Impact
TourismRetailTransportation
Moderate Impact
HealthcareEducationGovernmentManufacturing
Low Impact
InnovationMilitaryFinance Insurance Real EstateConstruction
31%
37%
32%COVID-19 Impacts
31%
27%
42% DRAFT
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80
90
100
110
120
130
92
113
125127
123
100
Employment Sector Forecast
Source: CA Employment Development Department (EDD), Labor Market Information Division, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages; SANDAG
Supporting Sectors• Health Care• Education• Government
Driving Sectors• Tourism• Innovation• Military
Traditional Sectors• Retail/Wholesale
Trade• Professional• Construction• Manufacturing• Transportation &
Utilities2007Peak
2010Trough
2014Recovery
2019
Inde
x 20
07 =
100
This forecast assumes about a loss of 100,000 jobs in 2020 resulting in 9% unemployment rate DRAFT
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COVID-19 Impacts to Local Industries
-100%
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
1/20 2/10 3/2 3/23 4/13 5/4 5/25 6/15
General Retail
Apparel Stores Department Stores
Florists Furniture and Appliance Stores
Pharmacies Recreation Products
-100%
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
1/20 2/10 3/2 3/23 4/13 5/4 5/25 6/15
Transportation
Auto Dealers Auto Repair/Maintenance Gas Stations
-100%
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
1/20 2/10 3/2 3/23 4/13 5/4 5/25 6/15
Food and Beverage
Coffee and Snack Bars Fast Food Restaurants
Grocery Stores Sit Down Restaurants
-100%
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
1/20 2/10 3/2 3/23 4/13 5/4 5/25 6/15
Construction Materials
Home and Garden Equipment Repair and MaintenanceHome Centers/Hardware Stores
Source: SafeGraph COVID-19 Response Dataset - Weekly Patterns, v2
Down 35% Down 35-40%
Down 25-45%
Up 10-15%DRAFT
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High-Contact-Intensity Occupations
387,950 Jobs27%
Low contact-intensity
702,360 Jobs49%
Medium contact-intensity
337,570 Jobs 24%
High-contact-intensity
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
105,550
56,16024,83092,470
58,560
337,570 High Contact-Intensity JobsRequiring Close Contact by SectorHealthcare – Moderate Job LossMost considered “essential workers” job loss in non-essential healthcare, e.g. dentistry, elective surgeries
Education – Moderate Job LossTechnology like Zoom, enables remote learning and allows for social distancing
Transportation – High Job LossAirline workers, taxi drivers, chauffeurs, delivery drivers and other occupations in transportation are significantly impacted
Food & Beverage Services – High Job LossRestaurant and bar closures, catering companies, social events canceled, significantly impact occupations in this sector
Personal care and services – High Job LossNon-essential services requiring close proximity like fitness workers, childcare, nannies, barber shops, hair dressers, manicurists ordered to curtail operations.DRAFT
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Small BusinessImpact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis
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Impacts to Small Business in San Diego Region
76%72%
67%
61%
53% 51%47%
39% 41%
4% 5%10% 11% 10%
15%
22% 25%21%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
5/2 5/9 5/16 5/23 5/30 6/6 6/13 6/20 6/27
Change in Revenuein the Last Week
Decreased Revenue in the Last Week Increased Revenue in the Last Week
Source: U.S. Census Small Business Pulse Survey, Week Ending June 27, 2020DRAFT
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COVID-19 Impact on Small Business in San Diego Region
73%
25% 20%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Paycheck ProtectionProgram
Economic InjuryDisaster Loans
Not requested financialassistance from any
source since March 13,2020
Since March 13, 2020, has this business requested financial
assistance from any of the following sources?* Select all that apply:
* Some small businesses applied for both PPP and Economic Injury Disaster Loans Source: U.S. Census Small Business Pulse Survey, Week Ending June 27, 2020
15%
3%
82%
Overall, how has this business been affected by
theCOVID-19 pandemic?
Large & ModerateNegative Effect
Little to No Effect
Large & ModeratePositive Effect
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Taxable SalesImpact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis
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Impact of Recessions on Taxable Sales
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
7019
9019
9119
9219
9319
9419
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
0120
0220
0320
0420
0520
0620
0720
0820
0920
1020
1120
1220
1320
1420
1520
1620
1720
1820
1920
2020
21
Calendar Year
6 ½ years to recover to 2007 level
“Moderate”Recession
“Severe”Recession
“Mild”Recession
Billio
ns o
f Dol
lars
In Y
ear o
f Col
lect
ion
1991
Rec
essi
on
2001
Rec
essi
on
Gre
at R
eces
sion
CO
VID
-19
Rec
essi
on
Down 13%
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COVID-19 Impact on San Diego Region Taxable Retail Sales
-18%
-71%
-47%
-28%
-5%
-36%
-8%
-54%
-50%
-14%
-82%
-57%
-19%
-25%
-48%
-24%
-67%
-57%
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Food Market and liquor stores
Apparel Stores
Service Stations
Department Stores
Construction
Auto repairs and sales
Other retail
Restaurants
Business To Business
Billions of Dollars
Pre-COVID April May-19
Other Retail
Auto Repairs and Sales
Food Market and Liquor Stores DRAFT
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RecoveryImpact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis
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Economic Recovery Outlook
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026Pre COVID-19 Forecast updated V-long 3-month V-long 4 monthsU-4 months Oxford Economics 6/9 IHS 6/4CBO 7/2 Moodys 6/10 Wells Fargo 6/9Goldman Sachs 6/14 Deloitte 6/15 The economist/EIU 6/16FED 6/10 OECD 6/10 Conference Board 6/10
Fiscal Year
Moderate 4M(V-Long)
Moderate 3M(V-Long)
Moderate 4M(U)Pre-COVID-19
Possible lasting effects beyond 2026• Discouraged workers leaving the workforce• Educational disruptions (students drop out rates)• Less investment in the capital stock• Existing capital less productive given restrictions• Real Estate, Commercial Leasing
Shape of the recovery• V ruled out• Assumption: No return to “normal” until a vaccine is available• Most Likely Scenario: V long or U long depending upon the
speed at which all businesses can reopen
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TransportationImpact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis
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Transit Ridership
Trolley MTS Buses COASTER SPRINTER BREEZE
March April May
2020 decrease in ridership (compared to 2019)
-120.00%
-100.00%
-80.00%
-60.00%
-40.00%
-20.00%
0.00%
March April May JuneDRAFT
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• 20% of people who ride transit to work have no vehicles available
• 79% of people who ride transit to work travel 30 minutes or longer
• The median transit travel time is 51 minutes, which is double the travel time for people who drive to work
Essential Workers Depend on Transit
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• 42% of survey respondents reported that they used transit before and after COVID-19
• 36% said they did not use transit before and will not in the future
• 18% did not use transit before but stated they would after a vaccine
• 4% said they used transitbefore but not after COVID-19
Travel Around the San Diego Region Survey: Public Transit
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Freeway Travel Trends
Average Decreases in Daily Traffic Volumes at Freeway Hotspots in the San Diego Region (2019 to 2020)
-27%
-43% -42%
-50%
-42% -40%
-33% -31% -29%-25% -23% -21% -20%
-17% -16% -18%
-60%
-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
May - June June - JulyApril - MayMarch - April
Source: Performance Measurement System (PeMS), CaltransDRAFT
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Vehicle Miles Traveled
-44%-40%
-30%
-22%
-50%
-45%
-40%
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4
Percent Change VMT 2019 to 2020
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Northbound POV CrossingsMay 2020:
-44% below monthly average (Jan 2019-Feb 2020) increase from April 2020 to May 2020:+17% 0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
2019 2020
Tecate‐TecateOtay Mesa‐Mesa de OtaySan Ysidro‐Puerta México/ Ped West‐El Chaparral
Note: Monthly averages are for Jan 2019-Feb 2020 period. Travel restrictions at the border were implemented in March 2020.
Source: U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
0
250,000
500,000
750,000
1,000,000
1,250,000
1,500,000
Tecate‐TecateOtay Mesa‐Mesa de OtaySan Ysidro‐Puerta México/ Ped West‐El Chaparral
May 2020:
-65%below monthly average (Jan 2019-Feb 2020)increase from April 2020 to May 2020: +44%
Northbound Pedestrian Crossings
Border Crossing Volumes
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Travel Around the San Diego Region Survey: Vehicle Travel and Telework
• 89% reported driving less during the health crisis– 81% expect their vehicle travel to increase
over the next six months
• 78% reported using online shopping and delivery more– 42% expect to continue at a higher rate
• 48% reported driving less for work because of telework– About half of those who teleworked said
they saw it continuing
89%
78%
48%DRAFT
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said they have had employees who have teleworked during the COVID-19 health crisis
Employer Telework Trends During the COVID-19 Health CrisisOf the 137 employers surveyed
55%
When asked if they would offer telework after COVID-19
26%Said yes
28%46%Said no Said maybeDRAFT
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Employers' Future Telework Plans
Of those companies who said they would offer telework post-COVID-19, 9% said they would offer it full-time
The most common response (71%) was to offer telework 2-3 times a week
When asked what percent of their workforce would continue to telework, the most common response was less than 25%
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• Increased job satisfaction (67%)• Productivity (55%)• Improved work / life
balance (55%)• Helping the
environment (50%)• Cost savings in leasing
commercial space (30%)
Employers' Top 5 Reasons for Offering Telework
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What is the Potential for Telework in the San Diego Region?
61% Stock photo of construction worker?
Stock photo of grocery worker?
64%
of occupations are not conducive to telework
of occupations are considered essential jobs– 42% of essential jobs
are not conducive to teleworkDRAFT
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Jobs that Can be Done at HomeTypically Earn Higher Wages
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Who Teleworks in San Diego Region?
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Telework Targets in Regional Plans
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2011 RP targets 2015 RP targets 2019 RTP targets Proposed 2021 RPtargets
2035 2050
Alwaysworks
at home (7%)
*2016 Regional Transportation Study (baseline)
Baseline*
Teleworksat least
1 day/week (8%)
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• 23% of households earning less than $50,000/year do not have a broadband subscription
• 20 – 40% of students in many local districts are under-connected or lack home internet access
• 42% of people who live in the County’s rural areas have fixed internet, versus 97% of the people who live in urban areas
Broadband Connectivity and Internet Access
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• 14% are biking more – 85% will continue biking more
for recreation, exercise,shopping, and errands
• 50% are walking more – 82% will continue walking
more for recreation, exercise,shopping, and errands
Travel Around the San Diego Region Survey: Active Transportation
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• 91% increase in bike volumes on eight regional bikeway corridors
• Data collected May 2020 and compared to May 2019 volumes
Source: SANDAG Eco-Counters
Cycling on the Rise in the Region
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San Marcos Inland Rail Trail +211% Solana Beach Coast Highway +109%
Rose Canyon Bike Path +107%Chula Vista Bayshore Bikeway +158%
Cycling on the Rise in the Region
University Avenue +88% 4th & 5th Avenues +63%
Landis Street +52% 30th Street +54%
Source: SANDAG Eco-CountersDRAFT
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• SANDAG Shared Streets Pilot Program awarded$95,000 to 11 jurisdictions to create safe spaces for biking, walking, scooting, and more
Shared Streets
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Toward a more inclusive, sustainable and resilient economy and society
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What We Are Learning from COVID-19 and How it Could Impact Transportation Planning in the San Diego RegionBoard of Directors Meeting | July 24, 2020
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