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DOVER BEACH
(Victorian Era)
By:
Ms. Kumkum Gupta,
Associate Professor,
Govt. College,Sector-1,
Panchkula.
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ABOUT VICTORIAN AGE
Science or Faith:
Despite its surface complacency, theVictorian period was fraught with religious,
scientific and social doubts.
Darwinism brought in its wake a number of
serious questions regarding long held religiousbeliefs.
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People believed they had now
to choose between science andfaith and were not comfortable
with this choice. They no longer
had refuge in nature (so
important to the romantics).
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Phrases such as Survival of
the FittestandThe Struggle forExistencepropagated by the
biologistCharles Darwin led
Victorians to view nature as
hostile to humans.
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MATHEW ARNOLD
1822-1888
Mr. Arnold was a poet and critic of Victorian
Age.
His works include:
The Strayed Reveller and other Poems.
Empedocles On Etna and other Poems. Culture and Anarchy.
Essays in Criticism.
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MATHEW ARNOLD
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AGE OF DOUBTS AND QUESTIONS
The mid century writers were saddened
by what seemed to them to be the
withdrawal of the divine from the world.
The materialism, Secularism, Vulgarity
that accompanied progress led some
writers to wonder if their culture was
really advancing by any measure,.
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THE DOVER BEACH THE SOUTHERN ENGLAND
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Mathew Arnold wrote the poem
shortly after a visit he and hiswife made to the Dover region of
southern England in 1851.
They got married in June the
same year.
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Arnold is standing by the seashore and
watching the gentle waves splashing the
sandy shores of the Straits. There is a
weak breeze that blows gently and the sealooks calm for the night. The tide is full of
potential yet under self control and the
moon looks bright as it shines its beamson the quiet sea.
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Come to the Window
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Then he shifts to first personpoint of view when he includes
his wife and the reader as co
observers line 18 we, line 29 us.
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Frances Lucy Wightman
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Central Message
Challenges to the validity of
long standing theological andmoral precepts have shaken the
faith of people in religion and
God.
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THE SHAKEN FAITH IN GOD
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There was a doubt on the
existence of God and a loss of faith
in religion. The poet, who wasdeeply religious, lamented the dying
of the light of faith as symbolized by
the light he sees in Dover beach onthe coast of France which gleams
one moment and is gone the next.
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Literary Terms
Elegy:
A somber poem or a song that praises or laments the
dead ....dramatic
Monologue:A poem that presents a moment in which the speaker
discusses a topic and in doing so reveals his feelings
and state of mind to a listener/reader .
Only the speaker talks hence the term monologue -mono means single and logue means discourse
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Alliteration:
Repetition of consonant sounds:
tonight ,tide
Full, fair
gleams,gone
gleams and glimmeringcoast cliff
.
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In the third stanza the sea is
turned into a metaphoric sea of faitha symbol for a time when religion
could still be experienced without
doubts brought about by progressand science (Darwinism).
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Now the sea of faith and thus
the certainty of religionwithdraws itself from the human
grasp and leaves only darkness
behind.
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COMMENTS
Reference to French Revolution-False
dawn with Napoleon winning but then
resorting to dictatorship.
Beginning of the poem some what
pleasant but deceptive.
Comparison to the armies fighting by
night stands for in-distinguishability
between the friend and foe.
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Napoleon BonaparteFrench military and political leader
(15 August 1769 5 May 1821)
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The sea of faith receding refers
to the changing world and lossof faith.
Naked shingles refers to theunprotected masses.
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THANK YOU