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AVAILABLE FROM
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CE 042 320
Iopolewski, RickUsing and Reading Voltmeters. Fordson BilingualDemonstration Project.Dearborn Public Schools, Mich.Department of Education, Washington, DC.8568p.; For related documents, see CE 042 318-325.Parts of document printed on colored paper.Dearborn Public Schools, 4824 Lois Avenue, Dearborn,MI 48126 ($1.50; more than 10--$1.00 each).Multilingual/Bilingual Materials (171) -- GuidesClassroom Use - Materials (For Learner) (051)English; Arabic
MF01/PC03 Plus Postage.Arabic; Behavioral Objectives; Bilingual EducationPrograms; Bilingual Instructional Materials; ElectricCircuits; *Electricity; *Electronics; EquipmentUtilization; Industrial Arts; Learning Activities;Learning Modules; Limited English Speaking;Measurement; *Measurement Equipment; PretestsPosttests; Pronunciation Instruction; SecondaryEducation; Trade and Industrial Education; VocabularyDevelopment; Vocational Education; *VocationalEnglish (Second Language)*Voltmeters
ABSTRACTThis vocational instructional module on using and
reading voltmeters is one of eight such modules designed to assistrecently arrived Arab students, limited in English proficiency (LEP),in critical instructional areas in a comprehensive high school. Goalstated for this module is for the student enrolled in electronicscourses to use and read voltmeters. Each module consists of theseparts: title; program goal and performance objectives; apronunciation koy; a language page which offers the pronunciation,definition, and usage of key terms in English and in Arabic; apretest; bilingual (English and Arabic') language (vocabulary andusage) activities; evaluation; pretest and activity answer sheets;and a list of supplementary materials and their location. For each ofthe six activities in this module the objective, a list of materialsneeded, procedure, and evaluation are provided in addition to thenecessary activity sheets or pages. (YLB)
************************************************************************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made ** from the original document. ************************************************************************
BEST COPY MIAMI
FR S N Ii31LINGUALDEMONSTRATION
LT, PROJECT
do.:64 6.0.4_41,14,)
:401chf11
USING and READINGVOLTMETERS
J 416.11u_.40 j_134
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION
EOUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER f ERICI
Le/This document has been reproduced asreceived from the person or organizationoriginating itMinor et anges have been made to enemas
reproduction quality
Points of view or opinions stated in this docu
ment do not necessarily represent official ME
position or policy.
2
"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS /BEEN GRANTED BY
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."
ABOUT THE PROJECT'
The Fordson Arabic Bilingual Demonstration Project is designed to assist
recently arrived Arab students, limited in English proficiency (LEP), to
adapt to a large and comprehensive high school. The project consists of
academic and vocational instructional modules, reading services to teachers
and'students, bilingual aide and resource services, computer and television
modules, staff development activities, and home - community liaison.
ABOUT THE INSTRUCTIONAL MC3CULESThe modules were designed to assist LEP students in critical instructional
areas throughout the school curriculum. These areas of focus were determined
by a needs survey of the entire Fordson school community. Each module con-
sists of seven parts: title, objectives, pretest, language (vocabulary and
usage) activities, evaluation, and supplementary materials. Modules were
translated, duplicated, and field tested.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Rick Topolewski did his undergraduate work at Western Michigan University
and his graduate training at the University of Michigan. Rick has worked in
the Industrial Education area at Fordson High School for the past 16 years.
The stills developed in this unit were those he and his students defined as
critical, for a better understanding of the reading of voltmeters.
CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
Special Assistance:
Jean H. Miller, Ed.D. - Editor
Pat Coulter - Reading Consultant
Susan Field - Special Needs Coordinator
Albert R. Harp - Translation Editor
Wendy Sample - Graphics
Christine Rdjda - Typist
Tahsine Bazzi - Translation
Demonstration Staff:
Clark Burnett - ESL Instructor/Audio-Visual Consultant
Albert Harp - Bilingual Resource Coordinator
Fouad Moawad - Bilingual Instructor
Jim Petrie - Facilitator
Wafa Unis - Instructional Aide/Home Community Liaison
Issaaf Beydoun - instructional Aide
Elham Hamdan - Instructional Aide
Karim Michael - Instructional Aide
Rihab Ahmad - Secretary
Dearborn Board of Education:
Agnes Dobronski - President
Kathleen Walsh - Vice President
Mary Bugeia - Secretary
Suzanne McIlniny - Treasurer
Ronald Chapman - Trustee
David MacKenzie - Trustee
Ruth Sample - Trustee
Administration:
Dr. Thomas McLennan - Superintendent
Dr. Fred Schrieber - Director, Division of Instructional Services
Mr. John Dutton - Coordinator, Project Development
Mr. Bill Letsche - Principal, Fordson High School
Special Acknowledgement:
The interest, concern, and committment of Mr. Harvey Failor, Principal of
Fordson High School from 1964-1982, to the Demonstration Project was a source
of strength and inspiration to us all.
Portions of or the entire instructional module may be reproduced
except for commercial purposes without the permission of the author
or the Fordson Bilingual Demonstration Project.
This Project was supported by the United States Department of
Education.
The contents of this instructional module were developed under a
grant for the United States Department of Education. However,
those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of that
agency, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal
Government.
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METERS
VOLTMETERS: HOW THEY ARE USED AND READ
Developed By: I .1.e I
Richard R. Topolewski
6
1
This bilingual module has been developed to assist limited English
proficiency students in electronics to use and read voltmeters. This
unit is designed for students enrolled in electronics courses.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
The student will:
1. understand how meters are to be used;
2. know how to read the meter to determinevarious electrical measurements;
3. apply the knowledge and skill in meterusage with electrical circuitry.
The student will:
1. identify and label the various parts,scales, and voltage measuring rangesof the volt-ohm-milliammeter (multimeter)with 90% accuracy;
2. acquire and follow precautionary pro-cedures in using voltmeters at alltimes;
3. describe how a volt-ohm-milliammeter isconnected to an electrical circuit as avoltmeter to the satisfaction of theteacher;
4. understand and use basic vocabularyrelated to the voltmeter and itsusage to the satisfaction of theteacher;
III5. read voltage measurements with 80%accuracy.
PRETEST PAGE
Part I of the Post Test will be used as the Pre Test.
Give the student Part I of the Post Test at the end of the Module.
2
411PRETEST
To the teacher: for Part I you can use SCAN -IRON for easy scoring and
item analysis.
Part I:
1. The term voltage means:
a. electrons
b. protons
c. force or electricalpressure
d. power in watts
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2. Direct current is an electricalflow that moves in:
a. two directions
b. one direction
3. A voltmeter is aused to measure an electricalpotential in volts.
a. ruler
b. generator
c. measuring instrument
d. electrical component
e. switch
4. A voltmeter is connected to thecircuit or battery into measure the voltage.
a. series
b. parallel
c. both in series andparallel
Go on to next page.
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PRETEST (continued)
5. A meter that can measure voltage,electrical current and electricalresistance is called a
a. watt meter
b. ohm meter
c. current meter
d. volt-ohm-mulliammeter(V.O.M.)
6. Deflection on a meter means:
a. the amount the pointer will
move
b. polarity of the voltage
c. the current movement
7. The markings on the meter facethat represent differentvoltage levels is called the:
a. meter ruler
b. voltage ranges
c. voltage scales
8. A meter control which can beset to different measuringlevels found on a voltmeter
is called the:
a. meter ruler
b. voltage ranges
c. voltage scales
d. range switch
Go on to next page.
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PRETEST (continued)
9. A positive or negative conditionthat may exist across two dif-ferent points in an electricalcircuit is called:
a. current
b. power
c. resistance
d. polarity
10. Checking that the correctpolarity is observed when usinga D.C. voltmeter is connecting:
a. the positive test lead tothe positive point andnegative test lead to thenegative point.
b. the positive test lead tothe negative point and thenegative test lead to thepositive point.
11. If correct polarity is notobserved when using a volt-meter:
a. the pointer will move downscale
b. the pointer will move upscale
c. the pointer will not move
12. When measuring a D.C. voltage, the
D.C. polarity function switch mustbe set on:
a. -D.C.
b. A.C.
c. +D.C.
Go on to next page.
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PRETEST (continued)
13. The maximum voltage you canmeasure on a 50 vollt range is:
a. 10 volts
b. 50 volts
c. 25 volts
d. 30 volts
14. Full scale deflection on ameter scale indicates:
a. minimum value
b. zero value
c. maximum value
d. medium value
for the voltage range themeter is set on.
15. When setting the voltmeter onthe proper range for a voltagelevel to be measured, makesure the voltage range is:
a. lower than the voltage tobe measured
b. higher than the voltageto be measured
16. A parallel connection is anelectrical hook-up that has:
a. two or more electricalcurrent paths
b. only one electricalcurrent path
Go on to next page.
12
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PRETEST (continued)
17. The wires used to connect ameter to an electric circuitor battery are called:
a. cables
b. electric power wire
c. test leads
d. power cords
18. Terminal jacks on a meter arethe points where the test leadsare connected to the meter?
a. true
b. false
19. The positive (+) test lead is
colored red and the negative (-)test lead is colored black.
a. true
b. false
20. When measuring D.C. voltage,the terminal jacks to useare marked positive(+) andnegative (-) common.
a. true
b. false
13
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IIIPRONUNCIATION KEY
/a/ as in Adam
/3/ as in cake
/e/ as in let
/6/ as in meet
/i/ as in sit
/T/ as in ice cream
/o/ as in hot,
/6/ as in Coke
/u/ as in Seven up
/LW as in blue
/b/ as in boy
IIIc equals /s/ as in cents (100
/k/ as in cat
/d/ as in day
/f/ as in four
g equals /g/ as in go/dz/ as in page
/h/ as in he
j equals /dz/ as in fail
/k/ as in kick
/1/ as in Cola
14
/m/ as in man
/n/ as in man
/p/ as in Dr. Pepper
qu equals /kw/ as in sift
/r/ as in run
/s/ as in sun
/t/ as in ten
/v/ as in van
/w/ as in woman
/x/ as in extra
/y/ as :in yet (sometimes 161 asin many.)
/z/ as in zebra
/shi as in shut
/ch/ as in church
/ng/ as in sing.
/th/ (voiced) as in this
/th/ (unvoiced) as in thing
oo equals /0/ as in food/u/ as in good
411
LANGUAGE PAGE
1. alternating current (A.C.)
(ol' fir nat fng kur' ant)
electrical current that changes
direction and flows back and
forth in a circuit; electric
current that changes polarity
The electric circuits in your
home operate on alternating
current.
2. deflection (de flak' shim)
the amount a pointer (meter
needle) will move in an
electric meter to show a
reading
The voltmeter indicated a
deflection of 10 volts.
3. direct current (D.C.)
(dl rekt' kur' ant)
electrical current that
flows in only one direction
from a negative to a positive
polarity
Batteries supply direct
current to the flashlight.
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LANGUAGE PAGE (continued)
4. electric meter
(i lek' trik me ter)
an electrical measuring instru-
ment that can be used to measure
voltage or current or electrical
resistance
The electric meter was connected
to the circuit to measure voltage.
5. full scale (fOO1 skal)
the maximum value or deflection
a meter can indicate
The voltmeter shows full scale
411
deflection to indicate maximum
value.
6. linear scale (lin' a e'r skil)
an equally divided scale where
the divisions are the same
distance apart
The voltmeter has a linear scale
because the divisions are evenly
spaced.
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LANGUAGE PAGE (continued)
7. multimeter (mill' ti meld's)
single measuring instrument that
measures volts, electric current,
and ohms
The volt-ohm-milliammeter is a
multimeter because it can measure
more than one item.
8. non-linear scale
(non lin' a er skil)
a scale that is not equally
divided and the scale divisions
do not have equal value at all
points on the scale
An ohmmeter has a non-linear
scale.
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LANGUAGE PAGE (continued)
9. parallel connection q..)1J=J uric JLI I
(par' a lel ko nek' shun)
an electrical connection that
has two or more electrical
current paths
When one electrical component is
attached across another component
the connection will be parallel.
10. polarity (pot i ti)
a positive (+) or negative (-)
condition that may exist across
two different points in an
electric circuit
The polarity of the battery
terminal was positive.
11. range switch (rinj swich)
a meter control which can be
positioned into different
measuring levels or ranges
The voltmeter range switch
was positioned to the 50 volt
range.
12. series connection*I %I
(sir' ez ko nek'shun)
an electrical connection that has
only one electrical current path
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18
LANGUAGE PAGE (continued)
13. terminal jack (tur' mi nal jak)
a point where an electrical
connection is made
The terminal lacks on the D.C.
voltmeter are marked negative
(-) and positive (+).
14. test leads (test lids)
wire used to connect a meter
to an electric circuit
The wire test leads are about
six (6) inches long.
15. voltage (vol' tij)
force that exists between a
positive and a negative polarity;
electrical pressure that causes
electrons to flow in a circuit
The battery voltage is 1.5 volts.
16. voltage scale (v511 tij skal)
a marked meter face that represents
different voltage levels
A voltage scale of 10 volts was
used to take the measurement.
19
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LANGUAGE PAGE (continued)
17. voltmeter (volt me ter)
measuring instrument designed
to measure an electrical
potential in volts
The voltmeter measured 2 volts
across the lamp in the electrical
circuit.
18. volt-ohm-milliammeter (V.O.M.)
(volt Om mil' i am' miter)
meter that can measure voltage,
or electric current, or electrical
resistance.
A multimeter is also a
volt-ohm-milliammeter.
13
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41, For the student: L6A
You are going to learn:
the various parts, scales, and voltage
ranges of a volt-ohm-milliammeter (V.O.M.).
In order to do this you will be given:
a. a volt-ohn-milliammeter (V.O.M.);
b. a diagram of a V.O.M. with thelabeled parts;
c. a diagram of a V.O.M. withoutthe labeled parts;
d. a writing instrument.
You will be doing the following:
completing activity 1 in you module.
We will know you can do this when:
you are able to name and spell the
parts of the V.O.M. meter correctly.
21
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STUDENT ACTIVITY 1
Using the labeled diagram on the
following page, locate and observe
those same parts on the actual V.O.M.
meter.
22
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pointer (needl )
voltage sc les
olj.. J1 J'Is1,1-11J1
linear scale
tr..1.0J1 LA.'J1
D.C. polarityfunction switch
STUDENT ACTIVITY 1
non linear scale
tr.10.11 . Le:16J' 1
16
meter case
meter face41.130 aaJ
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DIAGRAM OF VOLT-OHM-MILLIAMMETER (V.O.M.)
WITH LABELED PARTS
23
range switchcl-z-14J1
STUDENT ACTIVITY 1 (continued)
Using the unlabeled diagram on the
following page, fill in the names of
the parts with correct spelling.
Do not refer to the labeled diagram.
17
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DIAGRAM OF V.O.M.
LABEL THE PARTS INDICATED
25
For the student:
You are going to learn:
to read the 0-250 volt scale
found on the meter face.
In order to do this you will be given:
information pertaining to 0-250
volt scale and a diagram showing
voltage scales. Refer to Diagram
number 1. See page 21.
19
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.-1,,,,4611 (145 To* -z-.1 J11.:4.. 1.71:; of
-. .11.1.30 ,!..j uris
(.64,...i 'c o . , 4. ) A Q.t....A.. um::..;,-, c.-.1-.."-La.4
. st....,..u.......el.....i... ....,J.s. uLL,_. 1........, ta
1 F.5,.) 1.4.}.4A uA _ALI
STUDENT ACTIVITY 2
The instrument used to measure
voltage is called a voltmeter. The
meter that you will be using in class
is actually three (3) meters in one:
a voltmeter which measures voltage,
an ammeter which measures current,
and an ohm meter which measures
electrical resistance. This meter is
called a multimeter V.O.M.
20
JI ai÷J10.1..1.5J
d.111 .11 ...WI r . Jr Jr ..1.=
J r r. tri y Sri
JAJ voltmeter
jt..Lui joj ammeter
jAj ohmmeter
27
.
.51 multimeter JIJAM
CITE JI V.G.M. AII.L.LeJA .1.1A.t,AA .11.1AM
G. 000O'
J.1 Le.JI ..)..,ZILIJI44
STUDENT ACTIVITY 2
21
smaller markings whichhave no n bers
7A.44.).41
DIAGRAM # 1 yLl...4 F....A
to be used with STUDENT ACTIVITIES 2, 3 & 4.
E ir , T r-i..) 7.-1 WI 0-re..)1"
28
STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)
In this activity you will be
using the meter only as a voltmeter.
Therefore the scales on the meter
face will be read as voltage values.
The D.C. voltage scales which you
will be using are shown in Diagram 1.
Note there are three different D.C.
voltage scales:
0-250, 0-50, and 0-10.
Find these scales on Diagram 1.
Referring only to the 0-250 volt
scale on Diagram 1, you will
notice the values of voltages would
be between zero and a maximum of
250 volts. At deflection point A
of the scale, there is a 50 volt
mark. At deflection point B of the
scale, there is a 100 volt mark.
22
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134 voltmeter 6z1 uls
44,5 L,J.g v.L...11 I
1' (St
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B 61j.L111 ..6Jj.i 0. &..)L .4jz
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29
STUDENT ACTIVITY*2 (continued)
Note that between 50 and 100 and
150.on the scale are smaller marks
which have no numbers. These smaller
marks which have no numbers represent
5 volts each on this scale. Therefore,
as an example for Diagram 1, the
pointer deflection at C indicated
105'volts. The pointer deflection
at D indicated 125 volts, and the
pointer deflection at E indicated
180 volts.
What is the voltage value on the
0-250 volt scale at deflection
point:
A
F
G
23
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30
To. - Lrls 44:11 L.
aLs 14.0
volts
volts
volts
volts
24
STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)
What is the maximum voltage you can crs--e --6 1 Jt° L.
read on the 250 volt scale?
volts
What is the value. of each of the
smaller markings (which have no
numbers shown) on the 0-250
volt scale?
volts
31
S' yo J1
J. croa LA
Lris " 47.:J1,51
T o . J1
STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)
Refer to Diagram 2 on the next page.
Indicate the voltage readings at the
various pointer deflections marked
with letters on the 0-250 volt
scale.
pointer deflection
A
B
C
D
E
F
H
I
J
25
"T" rs, rA 0A eji
z.),.11) J5 v I ..1_10 To. A L.I. "AC I
. j.. L.A.. M I . J.= ki I I j5 a J5.11
32
voltage reading
volts
volts
volts
volts
volts
volts
volts
volts
volts
volts
JL,zA
te- %54
A
DIAGRAM # 2 T 4LL.0.41
to be used with STUDENT ACTIVITIES 2, 3, & 4.
.r,
33
26
J J'401 ; 1:)O
For the student:
You are going to learn:
to read the 0-50 volt scale
found on the meter face.
In order to do this you will:
a. read the information given
b. refer to Diagram 1.See page 21.
27
34
ra fy.. 01 J.>1
e.0 Tja:, _ I
yzi.m Q,J1
411STUDENT ACTIVITY 3
In this activity, you will
be using the voltage scale 0-50
volts from Diagram 1. Find this
scale on the diagram. You will
notice the values of voltages
would be between zero and a
maximum of 50 volts. At de-
flection point A of the scale,
there is a 10 volt mark. At
deflection point B of the scale,
there is a 20 volt mark.
Note that between 10 and 20 and
30 again there are the smaller
markings which have no numbers.
These smaller markings now will
represent 1 volt each on the
0-50 volt scale.
Therefore as an example from Diagram
1, the pointer deflection at C
indicated 21 volts. The pointer
deflection at D indicates 25
volts and the pointer deflection
at E indicates 36 volts.
28
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.,-1.x A5...11 Lb I Jam.I 0 L..s " I I j T o 011
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35
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)
What is the voltage value on the
0-50 volt scale when the deflection
point is at:
29
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IL1:0 eaut (0. LTA t:)-
aLJL,JI Li I yr,YI
A = volts
B = volts
F = volts
G = volts
What is the maximum voltage you 01 04.A.,. u-ILO 1A ,J L.L.
can read on the 50 volt scale? . July 0 . JI u_la Lot j-k.:
volts
What is the value of each smaller
marking (which have no numbers
shown) on the 0-50 volt scale?
volts
36
J:J
Isrei4.11 a4.2..11 aAYX yA L.
uJa (ljsbLL
o JI ue.1..14
J:J
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)
From Diagram 2 indicate the volt-
age readings at the various
pointer deflections on the 0-50
volt scale.
pointer deflection
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
...)45.4Jh.20,...p...,1
30
prvA urls 14,-i 0. ,.... JI,I.LeJLA 1.4.2.:-.1
J-5 ai-e-J1 Ls-ei t.ril ,,..-t-1-1* r -i..) t : L Le-41
1...J 1.---11 Li I .7.N.:, i I I Li:. cr. 'a.12.i.:.
voltage reading
. volts
= volts
= volts
= volts
= volts
= volts
volts
volts
= volts
= volts
0 i AGRAM 4 2 T Pk) 1,r1-....a r*.ri
37
..s.t.a.11 Os 1 .7:4
For the student:
You are going to learn:
to read the 0-10 volt scale found
on the meter face.
In order to do this you will:
a. read the information given
b. refer to Diagram 1.
31
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(143 ,1 .... .1 140 1.711x
38
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JAI 14,
4,:16.11CI.Lapj..6.6A ljj:
.1 (1.3.) --e
STUDENT ACTIVITY 4
In this activity, you will be
using the voltage scale 0-10 volts
from Diagram 1.. Find this scale on
the diagram. The value of voltages
on this scale would be between zero
and a maximum of 10 volts. At
deflection point A of the scale,
there is a 2 volt mark.. At
deflection point B of the scale,
there is a 4 volt mark.
Note that between 2 and 4 and
O6 there are the smaller markings
whith again have no numbers. These
smaller markings now will represent
.2 volts each (2/10 of a volt) on
the 0-10 volt scale.
As an example from Diagram 1,
the pointer deflection at C indicates
4.2 volts. The pointer deflection at
D indicates 5 volts and the pointer
deflection at E indicates 7.2
volts.
33
32
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33
STUDENT ACTIVITY 4 (continued)
Look at Diagram 1. What is the
voltage value on the 0-10 volt
scale when the pointer is at:
yp L. .irs, 4r:A...11 (...,A um J12:.:4
1LALA als J1.5.M 0.15.e L4aLs
A = volts
B = volts
F = volts
G = volts
What is the maximum voltage you can tjsz or 0S... ai.> L.,-61.54 L.
SIJ,..., A . . JI 0.1...iiu upacread on the 0-10 volt scale?
volts 1.4.,..4
What is the value of each smaller
marking (which have no numbers
shown) on the 0-10 volt scale?
volts
4O
V.A US Lam,-i ys 1-.
STUDENT ACTIVITY 4 (continued)
From Diagram 2 indicate the voltage
readings at the various pointer
deflections on the 0-10 volt scale.
pointer deflection
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
34
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1LAL st..?. J5 1....3
. 14.0 1. . uris JJJJ
_11.4 asijJ
voltage reading
vol is
vol ts
vol ts
vol ts
vol ts
vol ts
vol ts
vol ts
vol ts
vol ts
DIAGRAM 4 2 r 14,
41
35
For the student: L,..J1-1011
You are going to learn:
how to use the various voltage ranges
on the V.D.M. multirange voltmeter.
In order to do this you will:
a. read the information given
b. refer to Diagram 3. See page 37,
42
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V.O.M aasx.AJ
t4-t 01 J?! Cr*
O.0 c. j.126.-11 JAZ 1
.r (Lt...11 ejz Le
STUDENT ACTIVITY 5 0
Often you will need to measure
voltage levels much smaller or high-
er than what the voltage scales on
the meter face may indicate. For
this purpose, a multirange voltmeter
is used. It has two or three meter
scales and a range switch. Which
scale to use is determined by the
setting of the range switch. The
range to use will be determined by
how high a voltage you want to
measure.
Refer to Diagram 3. In order to
measure a voltage level between zero
and 250 V. the range switch would be
set at the 250 V. setting (position
Y. on Diagram 3). Then the voltage
scale you would take your readings
from would be the 0-250 volt scale.
(You have already become familiar
with this scale in student activity
2).
36
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01 a..,:zqal
43
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eLeJis 144 (To. - .1
14p To. Lias teja-IJ j$Jz 01
yLL,..4 Lyle Y q11
.14.÷J1 ue. L.4.. 0 Li u. L-11 t ,la urls
To. . jtb
J.94 ralb ols
(T fj.J
STUDENT ACTIVITY 5 0 14)4T.J...1
DIAGRAM # 3 r 14, yLt...x ,x
Meter scales
37
!RANGE SWITCH
CHART A 1.
RANGE SWITCH POSITION VOLTAGE VALUE AT POINTER POSITION
SETTING RANGE SCALE A 8 C 0
1.4 V 2.1 V
10 V 0-10 1.2 V 3 V c A V R d V
X 50 V 0-50 6 V 15 V 28 V 42 V
210 VY 25f1 V n-.2cn in V 75 V 140 V
1000 V 0-10 120 V 300 V 560 V
I840 V
44
STUDENT ACTIVITY 5 (continued)
If you are measuring voltage levels
much smaller than 250 volts, as an ex-
ample, let us say voltages between
zero and 2.5 volts, then you would
set the range switch to the 2.5 volt
setting (position Y. on Diagram 3).
The voltage scale you would use would
still be the 0-250 volt scale, but
the full scale.
Likewise if you are measuring
voltage levels between zero and 10
volts, you would set the range switch
to the 10 volt setting (position W on
Diagram 3) and use the meter scale
marked 0-10 volts. The maximum voltage
that would deflect the pointer full
scale is 10 volts.
If it becomes necessary to measure
volt levels much higher than 10 volts,
as an example, let us say voltages
between zero and 1,000 volts then you
would set the range switch to the 1,000
volt setting (position Z on Diagram 3).
The voltage scale you would use would
still be 0-10 volts, but the full scale
deflection would be read as 1,000 volts
and not 10 volts. Once again the maximum
voltage you can measure on the 1,000
volt range is 1,000 volts and the
numbered values on the meter scale
take on new values.
38
lal
vac To
Tsc j kA.504.7..4
it..Ai:, 01 31.3.L.c 4,-1..c,i)j.)-LJI v. gl-Jj.i
Al 145-4 1 .0 JI 1,saj t,4J.ir 11ai...N.11.1...3... 01 (.1., r:;, r.J.11
AL13 yb 63A
0.5,J, ."1.6.1j_i To.
&LI u1s
u.,,.azcL.5 131 411..1:1.5 T.0
114.0 .,""
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qjjsrOJI ir. r,,01 131
J.ILJ .11jj %. 0.4
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a .7. tJa1.5-i t . az 1
01 JJJ at.?. 0,10 01
01j Ili.; %... use 1... JI
. ty,
45
STUDENT ACTIVITY 5 (continued)
Do you get the idea? It requires a
little thought. Let us see how well
you understand.
To provide some practice readings,
the meter pointer (needle) in Diagram
3 is shown in position A, B, C, and
D. The values of the indicated
voltage for each range switch set-
ting appears in chart A below the
diagram. You are to read the meter
first, then compare your readings
with the answers given in Chart A.
After you have checked your voltage
readings from Diagram 3 and chart A,
complete the voltage readings for
chart B using Diagram 4 on the next
page.
39
aa. (41 u.11
43 J.4.5....11 j+14.e astjJ
A,B,C,D, 11.3.J1 r (.3j (4.1.M r-jm
jSj uas 4 .:.4 N 01
of "lit ja-1 A jja,,,m1.,J>IL.e&alli1j3 JA.3z 1.4,31.12M it
. A jja4 u4s
u4s st.,JJ oi.x.1s1j3 IN0 oi
jrnsi, A uag, r ps, wL Jl 1...11
'Et j.p.14 urilA
.1.JUJI GIs F 1.3j t4L1.......41r...j..11.-e
STUDENT ACTIVITY 5
DIAGRAM # 4
r-3J
r-k)
40
CHART B
RANGE SWITCH
RANGE SWITCH POSITION
----
VOLTAGE VALUE AT POINTER POSITION
SETTING RANGE SCALE
V 2.5 V 0-250
W 10 V 0-10
X 50 V 0-50
0-240Y 950 V
J 1000 V 0-10
47
STUDENT ACTIVITY 5
DIAGRAM # 4 i rj...) t:r:A--,-0 r.....ril
41
Le....,,,11 e?.....0-
Answer Key
CHART B
RANGE SWITCH c l..z...i..11fis.z....JI
RANGE SWITCH POSITION VOLTAGE VALUE AT POINTER POSITION
.SETTING RANGE SCALE A B C 0
V 2.5 V 0-250 .25V j v
4V
1 6V
A 4V
2__3v____
9 *9VW 10 V 0-10 1V
X 50 V 0-50 5V 22/12y461_100V 160V 230VY 250 V 0-2c0 25V
Z 1000 V 0-10 100V 400V 640V 920V
For the student:
You are going to learn:
how to connect a V.O.M. multimeter
to a circuit in order to make a
voltage measurement.
In order to do this you will be giventhe following:
a. a real V.O.M. multimeter;
b. a flashlight battery (1 cell);
c. two (2) test leads - one red
41 one black.
In order to do this activity you will:
a. read the information given;
b. refer to Diagram 5 on next page;
c. do whatever the activity statesstep by step;
d. hook up the real V.O.M. meteracross the battery as indicated
in Diagram 5.
42
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-14-? J.? 0- "4-el 3.)yLL,vi-5
crLe L. Lk,. I .11_, P.!'`' c4J
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LT!. c 1-,42- ( -4.%) 1-6,.1 a. 3-t 11-0
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. *1.0 .1>ljj ji.z3,1 .51
3,14L.JLe
°
L". crej.z._11 I34, rj_ilz 45J
t,LJI c.I JUJ )/ I 1 _ 7
u-Ls 0 rj rastli. 1,JUJI
Le-LAcya.:..e L. J.5, rjJz
Asp c.me joiz. J
r'w.)-11 L.7-6 ..tfe" ..1b LS
DIAGRAM # 5 (0) H..) fm,.)
Student Activity 6 (1)
Meter Scales
Set D.C. Polarityfunction switch to + D.C.
1-,.AJ I , u-Lt t1-"1441
r "". k .40 4 4,
41. e 4 4leS .)4t.
T
Meter Terminal Jacks
Black test
43
Set Voltagerange switchto 2.5V range
kfria-t-LA Lezi, eiReds ( +) test lead
t
Batter/ cell1,1,)44-4
Meter Connections To MeasureVoltage of Battery (1 cell)
tj v.. 1- J t
Lamp(flashlight bulb) (q-/-1'm tt-"24-11
50
STUDENT ACTIVITY 6
To measure voltage a voltmeter
must be connected properly to the
circuit or battery. The connection
must be in parallel; that is, across
the circuit or across the battery
terminals. Refer to Diagram 5. Also
polarity must be observed in order
for the pointer to deflect up-scale.
If polarity is connected wrong, the
pointer will move in the opposite or
wrong direction.
STEP 1:
The red test lead is connected to
the positive (+) terminal jack on
the meter, and the other end con-
nected to the positive terminal or
point on the battery. The black
test lead is connected to the
negative (-) or common terminal
jack on the meter and the other end
connected to the negative terminal
or point on the battery.
44
at ax 0.2,. 01 t,..?! ,"1.1.1.:>cSz y5
lij1.4J1. c.,,,NO J5.1, "1).0.}4
0.24.e 01 (r+.14..e lapoj uds J1.0.:41
ykl.r.JA J1 kj1.1A r,s JLA:11
y4J .(11.,01.7. IlLej4
y.:414
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I
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41.,,...z11. .21 v...5.2_1L, JZ5AJ10Li .13-La
. alaAM vie Ls1 1_10
+ t_i-d*,.11 04Ix I
jt.,=>11 tiLluo crk),10 J>1 0.54.e
, .31.4.3a a.r...2.11 (+1 47.?,...".J1,,....1.J1.
L.4)2..r " .5.4o ,>51 t 4..)0.11 0.';0
a>1 Z.1.1.11
k_3.)b_11 yrIc a..2>JAA (-1
J,..0.2xJ1 "
STUDENT ACTIVITY 6 (continued)
STEP 2:
Because the voltage of a single cell
battery is between 1.5 volts to 2
volts, set the range switch on the
meter to the 2.5 volt range. With
the range switch set to the 2.5 volt
range, you will be using. the 0-250
volt scale but remember the maximum
reading on this scale is 2.5 volts.
All of, the markings on this scale
take on new values as learned in
student activity 5..
STEP 3:
Set the D.C. polarity function switch
to +D.C. position. (This switch
should be left in this position all
of the time.)
Note: Remember these three precautions
when using a V.O.M. multimeter to make
voltage measurements:
1. Connect the volt meter in parallel
across the points of a circuit or
battery.
2. Check for correct polarity.
Positive red test lead attaches
to the positive (+) terminal
point of the battery. Negative
black test lead attached to the
negative (-) terminal point of
the battery.
3. Check the voltage range switch
setting. Make sure the switch
is set to the voltage range high
enough to measure the voltage
level.
45
: T P5J ;.7"
:-:w1 44 st.i..11 1....4 01 LA,.
to single cell battery 1.1!..0
,r' J. y j ,0
d.L.; 14,4 y J1 J1-?... L,-Le
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STUDENT ACTIVITY 6 (continued)
STEP 4:
Now, connect the V.O.M. meter test
leads and battery as shown in
Diagram 5 and actually hook-up the
circuit as indicated in the diagram.
Example: Measuring 2 volts, you
should have it set for the 2.5
volt range, always use the proper
voltage range for the voltage you
are going to be measuring.
***********************************
Never use a smaller voltage range
than the level of voltage you will
be measuring. This may damage the
meter.
***********************************
You could not measure 50 volts on a
10 volt range setting. You must set
the range switch to the proper
voltage range. In order to measure
50 volts, the range switch would
be positioned to the 50 volt
setting.
46
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53
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STUDENT ACTIVITY 6 (celtinued)
STEP 5:
Measure the voltage from the single
cell battery by reading the deflec-
tion of the pointer from the meter.
What is the measured voltage of
the single cell battery?
S
I
volts.
47
; 1 r-3 o,k
single cell battery
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54
POST TEST
DIAGRAM #6
PART I
PART II
55
48
POST TEST
To the teacher: for Part I you can use SCAN-TRON for easy scoring and
item analysis.
Part I:
1. The term voltage means:
a. electrons
b. protons
c. force or electricalpressure
d. power in watts
2. Direct current is an electrical
flow that moves in:
a. two directions
b. one direction
49
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3. A voltmeter is a . al_?..11 alas - r
used to measure an electricalpotential in volts.
a. ruler
b. generator
c. measuring instrument
d. electrical component
e. switch
4. A voltmeter is connected to thecircuit or battery into measure the voltage.
a. series
b. parallel
c. both in series andparallel
Go on to next page.
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56
POST TEST (continued)
5. A meter that can measure voltage,electrical current and electricalresistance is called a
a. watt meter
b. ohm meter
c. current meter
d. volt-ohm-mulliammeter(V.O.M.)
6. Deflection on a meter means:
a. the amount the pointer will
move
b. polarity of the voltage
c. the current movement
7. The markings on the meter facethat represent differentvoltage levels is called the:
a. meter ruler
b. voltage ranges
c. voltage scales
8. A meter control which can beset to different measuringlevels found on a voltmeteris called the:
a. meter ruler
b. voltage ranges
c. voltage scales
d. range switch
Go on to next page.
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POST TEST (continued)
9. A positive or negative conditionthat may exist across two dif-ferent points in an electricalcircuit is called: .
a. current
b. power
c. resistance
d. polarity
10. Checking that the correctpolarity is observed when usinga D.C. voltmeter is connecting:
a. the positive test lead tothe positive point andnegative test lead to thenegative point.
b. the positive test lead tothe negative point and thenegative test lead to thepositive point.
11. If correct polarity is notobserved when using a volt-
meter:
a. the pointer will move downscale
b. the pointer will move upscale
c. the pointer will not move
12. When measuring a D.C. voltage, the
D.C. polarity function switch mustbe set on:
a. -D.C.
b. A.C.
c. +0,C.
Go on to next page.
51
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POST TEST (continued)
13. The maximum voltage you canmeasure on a 50 volt range is:
a. 10 volts
b. 50 volts
c. 25 volts
d. 30 volts
14. Full scale deflection on ameter scale indicates:
a. minimum value
b. zero value
c. maximum value
d. medium value
for the voltage range themeter is set on.
15. When setting the voltmeter onthe proper range for a voltagelevel to be measured, makesure the voltage range is:
a. lower than the voltage tobe measured
b. higher than the voltageto be measured
16. A parallel connection is anelectrical hook-up that has:
a. two or more electricalcurrent paths
b. only one electricalcurrent path
Go on to next page.
52
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POST TEST (continued)
17. The wires used to connect ameter to an electric circuitor battery are called:
a. cables
b. electric power wire
c. test leads
d. power cords
18. Terminal jacks on a meter arethe points where the test leadsare connected to the meter?
a. true
b. false
19. The positive (+) test lead iscolored red and the negative (-)test lead is colored black.
a. true
b. false
20. When measuring D.C. voltage,the terminal jacks to useare marked positive(+) andnegative (-) common.
a. true
b. false
60
53
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EVALUATION
54
For the teacher: The pretest (Part I) should be used along with post testevaluation (Part II).
DIRECTIONS:
Use Diagram 6 on the following page.
The meter pointer (needle) is shown
on positions A, B, and C, and D.
Fill in the values of the indicated
voltage for each range switch setting
that appears in Chart C below
Diagram 6.
You are to read the voltage values
from the meter scales for the
various pointer positions first,
then write your answers in Chart C.
There are 20 answers total.
(JJ11
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1*.eSJI Sl.t . D, C, B, A
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61
... (T.) 0....)4.c Lbaas
PART II
crIL.t...ii ....?...J1
Post Test..),,..i.91 40..),.:-..11
DIAGRAM #6(11 1-3,,,,rLL,.,.-11 t...,Jt
0
ANSWER KEY FOR STUDENT ACTIVITIES
Student Activity #2
Referring to Diagram 1 L Deflection of pointer at point:
A = 50 volts
B = 100 volts
F = 215 volts
G = 240 volts
Maximum voltage you can read on the 250 volt scale is 250 volts.
The value of each smaller marking (which have no numbers shown) on the
0-250 volt scale is 5 volts each.
Referring to Diagram 2 - Deflection of pointer at point:
A = 25 volts
B = 60 volts
C = 75 volts
D = 95 volts
E = 135 volts
F = 150 volts
G = 170 volts
H = 185 volts
1 = 225 volts
J = 235 volts
63
56
ANSWER KEY FOR STUDENT ACTIVITIES
STUDENT ACTIVITY #3
Referring to Diagram 1 - Reflection of pointer at point:
A = 10 volts
B = 20 volts
F = 43 volts
G =.48 volts
Maximum voltage you can read on the 50 volt scale is 50 volts.
The value of each smaller marking (which have no numbers shown) on the
0-50 volt scale is 1 volt.
IIIReferring to Diagram 2 - Deflection of pointer at point:
A = 5 volts
B = 12 volts
C = 15 volts
D = 19 volts
E = 27 volts
F = 30 volts
G = 34 volts
H = 37 volts
I = 45 volts
J = 47 volts
64
57
6 ANSWER KEY FOR STUDENT ACTIVITIESStudent Activity #4
Referring to Diagram 1 - Deflection of pointer at point:
A = 2 volts
B = 4 volts
F = 8.6 volts
G = 9.6 volts
Maximum voltage you can read on the 10 volt scale is 10 volts.
The value of each smaller marking (which have no numbers shown) on the
0-10 volt scale is .2 volts each.
411 Referring to Diagram 2 - Deflection of pointer at point:
A = 1 volt
B = 2.4 volts
C = 3 volts
D = 3.8 volts
E = 5.4 volts
F = 6 volts
G = 6.8 volts
H = 7.4 volts
I = 9 volts
J = 9.4 volts
65
58
ANSWER KEY FOR PART I OF PRETEST AND EVALUATION
Note: The same test is used for the pretest and evaluation.
Part I:
1. c
2. b
3. c
4. b
5. d
6. a
7. c
8. d
9. d
10. a
11. a
12. c
13. b
14. c
15. b
16. a
17. c
18. a
19. a
20. a
Part II: See following page.
66
59
60
ANSWER KEY FOR POST TEST
PART II
RANGE SWITCH
RANGE SWITCH POSITION
. _
VOLTAGE VALUE AT POINTER POSITION
.
SETTING RANGE SCALE A B C 0
V 0 -250 .
W 10 V 0-10
0-50
1.6 V
8 V
4.8 V
24 V
7 V
35 V
9.2 v
46 yX 50 V
Y 250 V__ 0-250 40 V 12O V 175 V 230 V
Z 1000 V 1 0-10 , 160 V 480 V 700 V 920 V
67
ANSWERS
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
BOOKS:
Exploring Electricity and Electronics
by Howard H. Gerrish & William E. Dugger
FILMSTRIP:
Electrical Measurements
Set of 3 filmstripsSet 67212
Classroom library
to be purchased
Meters to be purchased
10 loop setT 89-3917/1
Cartridged Super 8
68
61