DNA, Genes & Chromosomes
DANILO V. ROGAYAN JR.Faculty, Department of Natural Sciences
We are all
UNIQUE!
What are
responsible for the
different traits that
make us unique as
a person?
DNA
GENES
CHROMOSOM
ES
What
is
DNA?
DNA• Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• molecules are large and complex
• carry the genetic code that
determines the characteristics of a
living thing
• located in the cell nucleus
• small amount of DNA can also be
found in the mitochondria
GENE
• basic physical and functional
unit of heredity
• segments of DNA, act as
instructions to make molecules
called proteins.
• There are about 20,000 to 25,000
genes in our cells.
Chromosomes• They carry all of the information
used to help a cell grow, thrive,
and reproduce.
• made up of DNA
• found inside the
nucleus of the cell
• Chromosomes are not always visible.
They usually sit around uncoiled and as
loose strands called
• When it is time for the cell to reproduce,
they
chromatin
very tightly
WRAP&CONDENSE
OBSERVE AND EXPLAIN
How many
chromosomes
do humans
have?
Organisms have
different number of
chromosomes
Humans have 46
chromosomes
Peas have 12 chromosomes
Dogs have 48 chromosomes
A crayfish has 200
chromosomes
The number of chromosomes
is NOT related to the
intelligence or complexity of the
creature.
The sad part is..
• There are genetic disorders
caused by abnormalities in
our chromosome number or
structure.
How should we treat
people with genetic
disorders?
Lakô hã salamát!Maraming salamat!