Diversity of Living Plant Collections in German Speaking Countries – Assessment, Problems
and the Concept of ‘National Collections’
Frank Klingenstein, Marliese von den Driesch & Wolfram LobinBGCI-Germany
c/o Bonn Botanic Gardens
Botanic Gardens Conservation International Botanische
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Regionalbüro Deutschland der Universität Bonn
Diversity of Plant Collections in German Diversity of Plant Collections in German Speaking CountriesSpeaking Countries
Background
Botanical collections and “their problems”
Activities and results
Future perspective: National Collection Scheme
Botanic Gardens Conservation International Botanische
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Regionalbüro Deutschland der Universität Bonn
• since 1996
• funded by Federal Ministries for Environment and for Research
• on behalf of the Association of Botanic Gardens in German speaking countries
Research Projects at Bonn Research Projects at Bonn
Botanic GardensBotanic Gardens
topics: • networking Botanic Gardens• implementation of the CBD• national collection scheme
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new political framework for biodiversity conservation, research and public awareness building
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)(Rio 1992)
Contradiction in regard to collections:
obligation to maintain biological collections and to make them accessible (§ 12, 17)
increased difficulties for collecting and exchanging material due to sovereign rights of states over their genetic resources (§ 15: prior informed consent, mutually agreed terms, benefit sharing)
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Scope of Biological CollectionsScope of Biological Collections
last living specimen of Zamia verschaffeltii
in BG Zürich
Collections: ex-situ-Resources forCollections: ex-situ-Resources for
ScienceScience & Conservation& Conservation
Shop Window for Nature (Protection)Shop Window for Nature (Protection)
German Botanic Gardens have 14 Mio. visitors p.a.
(= 20% of the population)
Historic Value & Cultural HeritageHistoric Value & Cultural Heritage
Typ specimen of Fockea cispa Jacqu.
cultivated in Schönbrunn (Vienna) since 1785
No SustainabilityNo Sustainability
Loss of collections due toLoss of collections due to• personnel changes personnel changes (direction, scientific naintainance, hort. staff)(direction, scientific naintainance, hort. staff)• change of scientific interestschange of scientific interests• organisational or financial changesorganisational or financial changes
Lack of Information:Lack of Information:The lost tree of the Easter islandsThe lost tree of the Easter islands
Toromiro Toromiro ((Sophora toromiroSophora toromiro))
Uneven Representation of Diversity Uneven Representation of Diversity
16 gardens for 95 gardens
50.000 taxa
600.000 accessions
38.000 taxa
100.000 accessions
beta-diversity-dilemma of Botanic Gardens
data fromdata from
different accessions different taxa
Diversity of Plant Collections in German Diversity of Plant Collections in German Speaking CountriesSpeaking Countries
Background
Botanical collections and “their problems”
Activities and results
Future perspective: National Collection Scheme
Botanic Gardens Conservation International Botanische
Gärten
Regionalbüro Deutschland der Universität Bonn
ActivitiesActivitiesrecording special collections
research institutions
ofBotanic Gardens
horticultural institutionsnurseriesprivate collectors/amateurs
inGermanyAustriaGerman speaking Switzerland
voluntary records
N O evaluation
Call to commit collections
Send out of questionnairs, visits of collections (partly by other exerts), telephone interviews
by
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Recorded DataRecorded Data
basic information for 101 collections
only the name for 76 collections
43 items about• collecting institution and contact persons• content of the collection• size (taxa, accessions, type specimens)• utilisation and future perspective• horticultural conditions and genetic purity• documentation and determination• accessibility and cooperation
for 372 collections
meta-dataN O
object data
standardised database for
taxonomy, geography, etc.
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ResultsResults
13
14
1271
others private coll. Bot. Gardens in A and CH Bot. Gardens in D
holder of collections (n=110)
17 1680
436
proportion of collections (n=549)
64 % 79 %
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Diversity of Taxonomic CollectionsDiversity of Taxonomic Collections
0
5
10
15
20 Collections of the Family
Collections of a Genus
Orchidaceae
Bromeliaceae (19)
Ericaceae (17)C
actaceae (15)Begoniaceae (9)
Cycadopsida (11)
Crassulaceae (9)
Geraniaceae (9)
Onagraceae (8)
Rosaceae (8)
Araceae (7)Asphodelaceae (7)
Salicaceae (7)Piperaceae (5)Theaceae (5)(30)
Artenzahl Taxon Sammlungen 4.200 Melastomataceae 0 4.300 Acanthaceae 1 5.000 Asclepidaceae 0 6.500 Lamiaceae 2 8.000 Euphorbiaceae 2 9.300 Cyperaceae 0
10.000 Poaceae 3 10.700 Rubiaceae 1 11.300 Fabaceae 0 23.000 Asteraceae 2 20.000 Orchidaceae 30
Fam
ilies
> 4
.000
S
pesi
esdiversity in
nature
diversity in
culture
Fa
milies
8 C
ollections
1.520 Bromeliaceae 19 3.300 Ericaceae 17 1.500 Cactaceae 15 123 Cycadatae 11 900 Begoniaceae (Begonia) 9
Crassulaceae 9 300 Geraniaceae (Geranium) 9 105 Onagraceae (Fuchsia) 8
Rosaceae 8
1.500
3.400
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Standard versus Exotic CollecionsStandard versus Exotic CollecionsCollections of Functional Types
Succulents and Xerophyts (21)
Rock and Arctic Plants (11)
Carnivorus plants (11)
Ant Plants Bee Nutrition Plants
Oil Flowers
Geographical Collections
Canary Islands and Macronesia (8) Madagaskar (5)
Alps (5)
Sardinia Himalaya Sokrota
Collections of Habitats Pastures and Dry
Grasslands (8) Fields (7)
Serpentinit resistant Plants semiterrestrial Vegetation
of the Bodensee
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Redaktion Stand: 01. Dezember 2001
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Suchabfrage: Botanische Gärten
Taxon:
ok
Region:
Sammler/Begründer:
Lebensraum:
Funktionstyp:
f
f
Wählen Sie:
OrchidaceaeOrchidaceae
SüdamerikaSüdamerika
Webased Webased Collection FinderCollection Finder
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Orchideen Botanischer Garten der Universität Erlangen/NürnbergOrchidaceae Botanischer Garten der Universität HamburgNeotropische Orchideen Botanischer Garten der Universität HeidelbergMasdevallia-Arten Südamerikas Botanischer Garten der Universität Marburg Orchidaceae Zoologisch-Botanischer Garten Wilhelma StuttgartOrchideen Botanischer Garten der Universität Ulm
Suchabfrage: Botanische Gärten
Ihre Suche brachte 6 Ergebnisse:
Neotropischen Orchideen
www.genres.de/zefod
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Was ist ZEFOD?
1. ZEFOD-Workshop
Programm Bericht
2. ZEFOD-Workshop
Programm Bericht
Sammlungen
Zoologische Gärten Zoologische Sammlungen Botanische Gärten Herbarien
Erfassungsbögen
Zoologische Sammlungen Botanische Sammlungen Kommentare / Kontakt
PT-Umwelt-Info BIOLOG BMBF
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Redaktion Stand: 01. Dezember 2001
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Adresse des Sammlungshalters:Botanischer Garten der Universität Heidelberg Link zur InstitutionIm Neuenheimer Feld 340 69120 Heidelberg
Suchabfrage: Botanische Gärten
Neotropische Orchideen
Schwerpunkte: Aerangidinae, Angraecinae, Odontoglossum s.l., Oncidium s.l., Pleurothallidinae
Gründungsjahr: 1960
Arten: 2269 Sorten: 246
Akzessionen: 5900 Typen: 20
Online-Datenzugriff: ja (Link)
Öffentlich zugänglich: teilweise
Beschreibung: Die Sammlung stellt die Basis für zahlreiche Publikationen zu einzelnen Arten und Gattungen
sowie zur 2. Auflage des Orchideen-Handbuchs von Schlechter dar.
Weitere Angaben zur Sammlung Neue Suche
www.genres.de/zefod
developed since 1997 by representatives of German speaking Botanic Gardens
Future Perspective: Future Perspective: The Concept of „National Collections“The Concept of „National Collections“
Objectives:• conservation of plant diversity and cultural heritage• sharing of work and responsibility; by this more efficient use of work and money• improve the profile of single gardens
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for• all types of botanic living collections (taxonomic, geographic ...)• all institutions and holders
Evaluation of collections by independent experts
Contracts with holders of collections about• compliance with the criteria• regular reports about the collection• feedback if the collection should be sold, given away or dissolved
Steering committee with representatives from science, horticulture, media, economy and policy
quality based criteria as basis of labeling
The Concept of „National Collections“The Concept of „National Collections“
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Thank you for your Thank you for your attention attention