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0 DISCOVER THE IGIANTS OFTHE PREIIISTO
IDEN'I'IKI'I'
Learnmore about two prehistoric
animals and a speedy dinosaurTROPEOGNATHUS 1849
DESMOSTYLUS 1852
CHIROSTENOTES 1853
IPREHlSTOIlIcL%,lt,l,‘9WVORLD.I D” DavidN°*‘ma“
DinosaurNeighbours: dinosaur queries
THETRIASSIC 1854
SPO1"I'ER'S GUIDE
STOPPRESS 3... read all the
latest prehistoric news 1862
run:kv nctccnvc t have an airborne
Discoverhow,overmillions of
years,the continents havemoved
around the Earth in
EARTH’S CHANGING FACE 1864
HISTORY IN PICTURESIHIS INHISTORY, I
The story of a fossilhunter1868
weekly quiz
A pair of massive Tropeognathus
@m.@.@;<:afl.D!eayTwo Herrerasaurus are chased
away from their kill
Mgr:More fascinating trivia and the
RIC WORLD-
The last of the prehistoric animals
with namesbeginningY to Z 1872
of Cambridge
University answers more of your
BACK COVER
battle I858
I860
1870
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IDEN'l'IKIfI"
TROPEOGIVATHUSTropeognathuswas one of the largestand strangest of the pterosaurs.
terosaurs were flying reptilesthat soared in the skies inthe Cretaceous Period,whendinosaurs Walked the Earth.
The pterosaurswere the largest flyingcreatures that have ever lived.The fossilsofmany different pterosaurs have beenfound in the area in SouthAmerica that
We now call Brazil.
BIGGEST BEAST
Tropeognathus is one of the biggest
pterosaurs so far discovered. It had a
Wingspan ofover 6m andWould have casta great shadow as it skimmed overthe
wavesin search offishes and
squidtoeat.
SHIP SHAPETropeognathus, meaning ‘kee1—jaw’,was
named after the rounded shape of its
strange bony jaw crest, which lookedverylike a ship’s keel. A ship uses its keel to
ploughswiftly through the sea.
Tropeognathus probably used its jaw crestin a similar way—o slice through theWater when it speared fish.
SKY HIGH
Tropeognathus may have used its greatwings for short bursts offlapping. But
they Were better designedfor soaring. Like a
modern glider, it
may have relied on
risinghot-aircurrents to keep‘it in the air.
1849
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Tropeognathus’
iawwas similar in
shape to a ship'skeel. This shapemay have helped
it to balance its longbody as it skimmedfor fishes.
Larger bonyupper crest
Teeth
Smaller
lower crest
-
Imagine a Tropeognathus is flying straight at
you, neck outstretched. This is the view (above)that youwould have of the beak,with the teeth
in the middle and the weird bony crest stretchingabove and below.
1850
TheAfrican fish
eagle is one of
today's successful
fish catchers.
1'\NO’SCOMPANYA complete skull and a lower jaw are
the only Tropeognathus fossils discovered.The crest andteeth on the skullwere notthe same as those on the lower jaw, so
experts decided that thefossils belonged to two speciesof Tropeognathus. Theynamedthemmesembrinus
and robustus.
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GONE FISHING
Tlppeognathus’longjaws were
linedwith sharp, fish-eating teeth.
It probably speared its prey with
its long, strong front teeth. Itcouldhave held several
o. -
IDEN'I'IKl'|'
l.l"JIl©1ll°FZl\.©‘ll§NAME: Tropeognathus (tr_o|g-ee-og-g:it_h-us)
means ’keel-jaw’GROUP: pterosaurSIZE: 6mwingspanFOOD: FishesLIVED: about l2O million years ago in the
EarlyCretaceous in north-east BrazilOOOO
O
l< em >l
RUBBERNECK
Tropeognathus had a long, flexible neck.It needed to be able tomove its neck easilyand
swiftlyto catch
fast-movingfishes. Its
neckmust have been Very powerfullybuilt, too. Tropeognathus needed to have
strongneckmuscles to use its beak to
spear fish underwater. Imagine catching a
fish in your mouth, then pulling it out ofthe Water andflying up into the a i r again!
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
ms&EfiGROUNDED
Experts disagree about how the
pterosaurs might have moved about onland. Some scientists think theywalked
or ran like birds.Others believe theyshuttled along like bats.
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
1851
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J
lDEN'l'lK|‘l'
DE§M@§7%(//§The giant ‘sea horse’ Desmostylushad two pairs of powerful tusks.
esmostylus paddledaround inA NAME:Desmosly/us (@—mo—s_ti-lus) means
the coastal shallows ofNorth 'Cl”'0i“'Pl“°r'
C
America andAsia 25 million 0 GROUP‘ 530 m°mm°l
years ago in the Miocene5'15‘ UP*0 l.-8'“ l°“9
Epoch. It was built like the hippopotamus X FOOD‘ ‘°‘l‘e”l"°’l‘°f“_l—5e°Wee°l _ ,
We know today’ but it probably livedandKJl.IVED:
about 25millionyears ago
In theMiocene
behaved more like tOday,SWalrus. In Japan and the Paclhc coast ofNorthAmerica
INAND OUT THEWATER HEAVYWEIGHT
Desmostylus grew up to 1.8m long—s big Desmostylushada bulky bodywith four
as a pony. The heavy creature probably pillar-like legs andbroad feet. Each foot
pulled itself alongquite easilywhen had four hoof-like toes.
underwater, but it was a muchmore
clumsymover on land. JUMBOThe headofDesmostylus was similar tothat of a prehistoric shovel-tusked
elephant. Its upper and lower jawswere armedwith a pair of
powerful tusks.Desmostylusprobably used its tusks to
prise shellfish and seaweedoff the rocks. It could also
have plungeddownto the sea bed insearch of things
to eat.
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OIIIROSTENOTESStolen eggs were probably part of
the diet of speedy Chirosrenotes.
hirostenotes looked rather like
Oviraptor, the ‘egg thief’,which raidedother dinosaurs’
nests for its food. Both dinosaurs lived in
the Late Cretaceous Period. Experts think
Chirostenotes couldhavescavenged
in the
same Way as Oviraptor, crushing food in
its toothless, but powerful, beak.
HANDYWEAPONS
Chirostenotes hadthree long, slender
fingers armedwith long, sharp claws.
These would have come in very useful for
catching smallmammals and insects.Chirostenotes certainly had a good, Varied
diet as it may have feasted on fruit, too.
NAME:Chirosfenotes (fix-ros-ten-Q-tees)means ’narrow hands’GROUP: dinosaurSIZE: up to 2m longFOOD: eggs, meat and truitLIVED: about 65 million years ago in Late
Cretaceous Canada and Mongolia
ON THE RUNWith its longhind legs and powerful bird-like toes, Chirostenotesmust have been
fast on its feet. Speedwas probably itsmain defence
against largermeat-eaters likeT rex.
BUMPY BEAK
Chirostenotes hada
long, deep toothless beak, probablycrowned with a smallhorn—like
crest, similar to Oviraptor’s bonybulge. The tip of the beak looked rather
like that of
today’s parrot.
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kimfwoknn
inosaur( r ( l l
n the Triassic Period, one side oftheWorldwas covered by a singlemass ofmainlydry, desert-like
land. Along the valleys and inlets, WhereO l X
,
flQ go/Q
the landmass was slowly cracking up,
at 9 3 é 5 ,L4/ \;/J therewere somemoist areaswithplenty ofi
V <*<%;_’ Vegetation. The first dinosaurs lived there—meat—eaters such as Herrerasaurus and
plant—eaters like '..
r <1 r "
‘ n‘ (7 \ / 2 Ar?”.l_. fl 4 if -j(',':l't_.\('t 1
that desert animals
rarely drink?
Yes. Desert animalsobtain all the moisture
they need trom the animals
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NOT ALONE
The dinosaurs were not the only animalsin the Triassic deserts. Tiny animals
scuttled around the dinosaurs’ feet. TheylookedVery much like the lizards and
smallmammals that live in deserts today.
LIZARD LOOKALIKE
Clevosaurus was a type ofsmall insect-
eating reptile called a sphenodont.p Sphenodonts, which looked like
DESERT PLANT-EATER
Another smallTriassic reptile was
Hypsognathus. It had a squat body and
spikes on its head, and resembled today’shorned toad. It belonged to a group of
animals called procolophonids.Hypsognathus ate the sparse desert
plants.
FLYING REPTILESM? T
A dark shadow, as big as a dinner plate,lizards;wereVery comrrIoIi*in>m..,.._,F.,««~' sometimes swept across the Triassic rocks.
Triassic times are still aroundtoday. But onlylone speciesi d ,etuatara efiremains; It lives (7 ii‘a7i
Was it a bird?No.Birds Were not around. i
Was it a pterosaur?No. It never flapped its
The creature glided on, spread its
5%
E
Wings.
—kegparachutes—a
d betwe"" i T
'- »fiinvz¢. "' i
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©D.@
The dinosaurs could have seen a slim
animal, about the size of a cat, as it
scampered across the sandy Wastes. Its
skinny body,Whip-like tail and longslender legswere quite unlike those of itsrelatives today. This is Terrestrisuchus, akind ofprimitive crocodile. It was built for
runningover dry ground andhuntinginsects and small lizard-like animals.
UNTHE “M
Beneath the dry, limestone Triassic cliffsand the upland desertswere moist valleysWhere streams ran down to the sea. Here,the early plant-eatingdinosaurs—he
prosauropods such as Plateosaurusand Thecodontosaurus—browsedand drank from the oasis pools.
.-. _trait t~
Today's desert lizard,
strangely named the
horned toad, is similar
to Hypsognathus.
C@RE[:\T
Surveying this scene from a safe distanceWa s the triconodont, Morganucodon, oneof the first true mammals.This insect-
eater was probably active at night,whenmost dinosaurs were too cold to hunt. Itlookedjust like a modern shrew—very
insignificant looking creature comparedwith the great dinosaurs.Yet
Morganucodon’s descendants developed to
rule the world longafter the dinosaurs
were gone.
L)
This is what palaeontologists call tinyanimals with backbones —ouse-sized or
newt-sized creatures. Special techniques,using extremely tine instruments and
microscopes, are needed to study Fossils
ofmicro-vertebrates.
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Kuehneosaurus coul
glide iust like today'tiny ’f|yingdragon’from southernAsia.
Flyingdragon
DISTURBANCE V
Adistant
rumbleechoed throughthe air; the tree branches vibrated
violently; ripples ran across the placidsurface of the Water - it was an
earthquake!LittleMorganucodon jumpedup and scampered off through the
undergrowth. Clevosaurus emerged from a SAFE AND SOUND
crack in the rock.Hypsognathus shookoff The earthquake harmednone of them. It
the sand that had fallen on itsback,and was just a sign that the desert landmass
Terrestrisuchus got over its sudden terror had cracked a little more, andwould one
and continued its hunting.
'
day break upinto the different continents.
Terrestrisuchus
Clevosaurus was a small
reptile called a
sphenodont. The onlyspecies of sphenodont
alive today is the tuatara.
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A terrible commotion fills the aitabove the
seasaftEarlyCretaceous Brazil.With a
violent if-lappingoftheir enormouswings,twogiant Tropeoignathusi areFightingover
their catch of fishiflne Tropeognathus has
gotthefishfirmly specified}onits razor~lil<e
teeth and is;_not going to let it go to its rival.But onemuisfgiivevway soon because; unless
they find a hot-air current,tokeep them up in V
the air, theywill crash to the rocks laelowj' inwhere o group of hungry dinosaurswill be
Wéififig to greet them.A
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I7} } I ) I I , .
4«"Jt«3&L~.i’o4¢?a’»2::,’x,«..2 M
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‘.\.J;4F" "7-.=»:‘.\\_. ..‘
In Mid Triassic Argentina, twoHerrerasaurus are feasting on a
kill. Suddenly,twoSaurosuchus
appear. TheHerrerasaurus
speed awaywith thein pursuit.Takingaurosuchus
advantage of this distraction, a
r little dinosaur, Eoraptor,moves1...
T.
:4
__~..¢
1n
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Caecilian’sancestor had le
A caecilian is a tiny amphibialooks l ike a worm. It has no l
eyesand it burrows in the gr
Scientists have oftenwondei ts evolution. Now,a fossilize
caecilian ancestor hasbeen
SincejurassicPark brought the
idea
. dinosaurs from tnenr .news, sc1ent1stS
. - ‘t cars 1180-R
:\ce1ie(l1:t(311fu(e)::tI1l’:llziversity,Belfast» It lived in Early Jurassic Ari
has found some old scientific Like today’s caecilians, Eoca
papers thatclaim to
havens in
was longand thin. Unlike to
fcl>1ur‘1Dddigosgguzlgggof
andspecies, it had eyes and tiny
t C one
Apatosaurus(right)-
I
firstAusfrcnon os$N” °mI'midrRich and Pzhggigound
They have named itim‘ ,IITIUS after their son’ Tgmofhy.
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s' l
c d to i
~
Nadiezctirftltjs‘ LOW).
\NEWLOOKFOR ‘BIGARMS’
For 40 years the only specimenof Therizinosaurus
was a long arm with very long claws. Expertshave
never been sure what the wholeanimal looked £5’!
l ike, but there have been manytheories.
‘
Now,Dr Dale Russell of theCanadian
Museum of Naturehas builtup a
picture of thecreature, using other
\
bones he believes mayhave belonged to
Therizinosaurus. It shows a squat-bodied,
long-necked, plant-eatinganimal that may
havewalked on its knuckles likea gorilla.
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’—he continents——~‘floaton top of this
’Astheilliquid’mantlemoves,.yit*pul1s.‘the
T surfaceioftheEarthaifoundwithwit. 1T 7
p j y
The shape of the landmasses have i
changing faMaps and globes of the world show
the shape and positionof the
continents. But the Earthhas notalways looked as it does today. Let's
look at the evidence suggesting that
the continents havemoved around.
he Earthwas formed about
4,500million years ago.1 For millions ofyears the rocks
andminerals thatmakeupthe Earth
were sohot that theywerealiquid. Very
slowly, the surface of the Earthcooleddown and landmasses formed.
HOTROCKS
Deep beneath the surface ofy
the Earth there is still a layer ofveryhot rocks.This is called the mantle.One part of themantle is still quite
liquid.TheEarth’s
crustand landmasses
liquid they are slowlymoving!
, beens l t w l y
slowly changed overmillions ofyears.
CLUES TOTHE PASTScientists have found clues to suggest thatthe continentswere once joined together. If
two areas have similar types of fossilized
plants and animals, it means that theanimalswere able tomove between thetwo areas and that the landwas probablyjoined at one time.
GONDWANA FOSSILSSome of the best clues come from fossils of
animals andplants from the Permianand
Triassic Periods. Fossils of the fern-like
plantGlossopteris and the reptileLystrosaurus have been found in rocks
throughout the southern continents,suggesting that theywere all joined atone time. Dinosaurfinds have also
i
helped complete the jigsaw. A duckbilled
dinosaur, Secernosaurus, hasbeen found in both
NorthAmericaa
andeastern .
Asia.
n v“ ,
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'I THE LATE TRIASSIC 225 MYA
Scientists are not surewhat
Earth looked likewhen it
was first formed 240million
years ago, but they believe all
the continents were ioined
together. Scientists call this 3supercontinent Pangaea (Pan-
jeg-a). In the Late Triassic it split into two largelandmasses called Laurasia (Lgg-race-ia) and
Gondwanaland (_Ggg.-dwan-g_-land).The land-
masses continued to drift further apart. About
160million years ago,during the Jurassic,
North America began to separate from Europe
and Asia, and South America began to drift
away from Africa. A long, narrow sea formedin the centre of this split.
LANDmksAmuostsans
»Scientists believe that horsesevolved in
North1America andispread toAsia‘and
thenAfricaabout 1.5millionyears ago,
suggecstingthatthese continents. L
I
wereoncejoined;Archelon, a giant*_urtle,thasatbeenjfoundin central
j,that the land-inustyhavebeen:coveredbya shallow sea
“duringtheLate Cretaceous.As Scientistsfindmorefossils;theyfindmore evidence
to support the idea ofmovingcontinents.
Fossilized Glossopteris leaves
(right) have been found in all the
southern continents. This suggests
they were once ioined together.
Z
2 THE LATE
: CRETACEOUS66 MYA
The gaps between the
continents widened. South"iinericaand Africa became
completely separated by the sea,which formed
oceans, including the Atlantic. India andAfrica
continued to drift towards Europe.
3 THE EARTHTODAY
The continents continued to move.About
50 million years ago,Australia separatedfrom Antarctica and began to move north,
and India collidedwithAsia. South America
moved north to join North America.
rthat the Atlantic Ocean
is getting bigger?
\/ Yes. As the continents continue to move
the oceans and the lanolmasses are still
changing shape. The Atlantic Ocean isgrowing byabout 4cm a year and the Pacitic Ocean is
shrinking as North and South America clritt west.
Eventually North America may join with Russia
and eastern Atrica may separate trom the rest otAlrica, torming a giant island.
I 1865
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E[:&Rl.Y TUNE
In the 1500s, the Portuguesemademaps ofSouthAmerica. They noticed a strangething. If the east coast ofSouthAmericaand the west coast ofAfrica were placed
side by side, they fitted together like ajigsaw puzzle.
THE Fl.@©lD3
Many ideaswere put forward to explainthis. One of themost popular in the 1600s
was that the Great Flood, the story ofwhich is told in the Bible,hadsplit a giantarea of land in two.
Then, at the beginning of this century, aGerman scientist calledAlfredWegenerfound fossil evidence that tropical fernshad once grown in Antarctica. He alsofound evidence that Brazilhadbeencovered by icy glaciers. In 1915 he
published a book showinghow thecontinents hadonce fitted together,buthecould not explainhow they moved.
Volcanoes are
formed when liquidrock is forced to the
Earth's surface.
Most other scientists didn’t believe
Wegener’s theories. It wasnotuntil the1950s and 1960s that scientists realisedthe Earth’s surface was not one solid crust
butwas divided up into huge,jagged slabs.These slabs are called plates.
When the platesmove apart, liquid rockWells up from below the Earth’s crust andforms a line ofvolcanicmountains. Liquidrock cools to form new rocks that extendthe edge of the plate.
The San Andreas
Fault (left) in
California, marksthe boundarywhere one plateis sliding postanother. This
movement causesland tremors and
earthquakes in
that region.
The ocean floor moves too. In
the 19505 a mountain range
_ 3km tall was discoveredA
x
running down the centre of the ‘
T.A
Atlantic Ocean. This wasi
formed by volcanoes pushing
up new rocks.
Fault lines occurwhen
one plate is pushedunder another plate.
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@fM:§[:l[N@
When two plates crash into each other, theEarth’s crust is squeezed and buckled.This often results in a mountain rangebeing formed as the rocks are pushed up
between two colliding plates.TheHimalayaswere formedwhen Indiacrashed into Asia.
E{©T
‘Hot spots’ of activity deep in themantle
also force liquid rock to the surface. Thiscan create new volcanic islands.The
Hawaiian islandswere formed in this way,when liquid rock hardenedon the surface.
The plates that
make up the
Earth's crust alsomove apart and
form valleys, suchas the Great Rift
Valley inAfrica.
The northern partof this valley hasflooded to formthe Red Sea (left).
A volcanic island,formed from liquidrock, breaks the
ocean surface.
. ~w"""
Where platesmove apart,hot rocks canwell up from
below.
The mantle is the name for the
. i n W _ _ red-hot, liquid rock deepbeneath the Earth's surface.
Eachcontinent behaves like a giant raft ofrock floating on the liquidmantle of theEarth. As the liquidmoves, the continentis pushed around. The African continental
raft is movingapart near its eastern edge."
:7 ’7F,\.l_l.EY
A giantValley called the Rift Valley is
forming as the two blocks of rock pullapart. The rift is widening by a fewcentimetres a year. In 50 million years’time it may havewidened somuch thatEastAfricawill split away to form anisland. Continental drift is still at work!
The highHimalayanMountains in
Nepal (right)were formedwhen Indiacrashed into Asia,
pushing up the
land.This took
place over
millions of years.
Mountainsare pushed
up when plates collide.'
"Ir
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Improve and test yourknowledge
Dimetrodonholds all the answers.
See how you score in the quiz.
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have fivehorns
Idnotmany
However,apair0;nlYthree.
out from the side:(;il::sstucke frill,
extra horng_y.. \
ia»:‘§»
What kindof dine laidthegianteggs in China?
a tyrannosaur
s)an ankylosaura pterosaur
Between I852and 1854,RichardOwen,aBritish
1 dinosaur expert, joined forceswith a sculptor called‘
Waterhouse Hawkins tocreate some life-sizedmodels
WM , 5,meEarl-his ofdinosaurs and prehistoric animals.When they had
mantle? finished, they decided tocelebrate by inviting20
people todinner—nside the body of lguanadon!) a layer of hot ash
b) a layer of hot rocks
c) the ocean floor
Where didWilliamCutlermakeI
hismost importantfinds?
a) Africa
Is)South Americac) Canada
Zalambdalestes had
legs like a:
a) miniature kangaroo
b)miniature shrew Qc) giant hedgehog
Apatosaurusmeans:
a) ’deceit lizard’
la) ‘patting lizard’
c) ‘truthful lizard’
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L
YOUNGINA260MYANamed after a fossil
collector called Young,
Youngina (young-guynah)was a small
reptile that lived in
the PermianPeriod
in the desert—like
regions of South
Africa. It was about as long as today’s
rabbit, and probably ate insects and snails,which it crushedwith sharp teeth. Younginahad long fingers and toes,which helped it
to grasp rocks and tree trunks as it
moved across the dry, dusty land.
ZZAGLOSSUS 2 MYA
Zaglossus (zar-glci-us) was a giant egg-
layingPleistocene echidna, measuring65cmin length.Not very different to today’s
echidnas, it hada spiny body, long snoutand a long, sticky tongue. Zaglossus could
quickly flick out its
tongue tocapture
Eursrzms
’¢,«.
P
‘ ZALAMBDALESTES 75 MYA-. Zalambdalestes (za-l.'s1:n1-da-
\\ lei-tees) was a tiny shrew-
a‘ like mammal with large eyesand a smallbrain. It lived
alongside the dinosaurs in Mongoliain the Late Cretaceous Period.
Zalambdalesteshad long,powerfulback legs like a miniature
kangaroo. It used them to
run and jump through theundergrowth.At the end
of its long, upturnedsnout it had sharp teethfor chewingup insects.
ZYGOMATURUS
26 MYAAn early relative ofmarsupials such as
today’s kangaroo,Zygomaturus (zy—go-ma-
E-us)had small, bony horns sticking outfrom the top of its nose andhead. It roamedaroundAustralia from LateMiocene timesalmost to the present day. Experts think that
this plant-eater probably preferred coastalareas and forest habitats.
ZYGORHYZASwimming in the Late Eocene seas,
Zygorhyza (Q-go-Q’-za)wasVery similar to
today’s porpoise. It measured about 7m in
length andhad an extra-long snout.
Zygorhyza, which means ‘double-rooted
teeth’,was a powerful swimmerand mayhave come ashore to mate and to give birth.
40 MYA
MYA =MILLION YEARSLAGO
W7).
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Find out whata mammothreally lookedl ike in TIMEDETECTIVE.Relive the Ice
Ages inPREHISTORICWORLD—-t willmakeyou shiver!
Keep your copies safe and neatwith thesefantastic binders.
Your binders have been designed to look good at home or at school. Each is
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Three amazingcreatures in IDENTIKIT
HISTORY IN PICTURES
3-D GALLERY
GIANTS OFTHE PAST3SN0Sfl0
il|:I
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PICTURE CREDITS: Front cover: LusRey. BayerischeStaatssammlung Fur PalaontoBruceColeman/Gerald Cubitt I857 BR; BruceColeman/Peter Davey I85I TL; BruceColeman/CB&DWFrith I857TL; BruceColeman/Steven.C Kaufman I864/65; FLPA/E&DHosking I850 TR; TheMansellCollection I87I TR; TheNaturalHistoryMuseum,London I862 TL, I865 TR;OSF/John Beatty I867 TR; OSF/}.A.L. Cooke I856 TL;Planet EarthPictures I863CL; SciencePhoto Library/NASA I867 TL; Science Photo Library/USGeologicalSurvey I866 C‘Artwork: Back Hat I872 TR, TL, BL;RobinBouttell/WLAA I852;Wendy Bramall I854/55,I856 TR, BLBR, I857 BC, TR; R.CarIer/WLAA I864 TR,I865 TL, TC; EdwinaGoldstone/WIAA I864; PhilipHood/WLAA I849, I850/SI BC;DeidreMcHaIe: backcover;Nick Film/WLAA I862 BR, I863 TL, BR; Luis ReyI853;Graham Ros_ewarne I863TR;MI<eSaunders
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DrDavidNormanofCambridgei‘
University answers your 1dinosaur questions
WhywasApatosaurusgiven aname thatmeans‘deceptivereptile’?
I am not entirely sure, so Iwill have tomake anintelligent guess. It may bethat the name,which
Whatha penswhen a inosaur /-
isgiven twodifferent names?If one palaeontologistfinds a part of adinosaur and anotherfinds a different part of literally means ‘deceit
it, they may give lizard’,wasthe dino different names. There is intended toa set of rules, called the International give the impressionCode ofZoologicalNomenclature, used for that, even though
namingnew species. If there is a dispute Apatosaurus J
aboutwhich name should be used, a panel seems to’
"——é
of expertsmakes a decision. have ""
been a
, re tileCould small dinosaurshave inlihe «snatched pterosaurs from the sky? strictest uigag
anatomicalV
Small carnivorous dinosaurswere very sense,When you consider the size of its
quick. They had light bodies, bigbrains bones, there seems to be no Way that it
and good eyesight. I would imagine that, could be thought of as like any reptilejust as a cat is able to catch a bird, today. So, giving it a ‘saurus’ ending to itsthese name, which meansdinosaurs ‘reptile’, actually givescould catch the wrong impressionpterosaurs, and is deceptive.particularlywhen not in
flight—n the
ground they
78