Copyright 2011 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved.
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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Dimensions of Argumentation in Social Media
Jodi Schneider1, Brian Davis1, and Adam Wyner2
1Digital Enterprise Research Institute, NUI Galway2Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool
EKAW, Galway, Ireland Thursday 11 th October 2012
1
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Want to reuse social media data
Growing amount of social media data Want to reuse data Need to analyse & structure it
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Key Point
The overall popularity of an opinion is not as important as the reasons supporting it
Image: http://www.nickmilton.com/2012/03/when-people-trust-crowds.html
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Arguments
Claim: Jaffa Cakes are cakesJustification: official EU ruling; cakes go hard when
stale
4
https://twitter.com/robeastaway/status/135838892694839296
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Arguments
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Claim: If Canon does not make the repair, you should take them to small claims court.
Justification: it’s easy, cheap, and can be done online; it’s within your rights
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Knowledge bases of social media
Growing amount of social media data Want to reuse data Need to analyse & structure it
Envision:Knowledge bases of social media Query Make a representation we can reason with
– even in the face of inconsistency.
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Oops!
People disagree Inconsistency is bad for knowledge bases! How do we reconcile & resolve the inconsistencies?
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Argumentation to the Rescue!
People disagree Inconsistency is bad for knowledge bases! How do we reconcile & resolve the inconsistencies?
Argumentation! Claims Justifications Contrary Claims & Disagreements…
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Formal Representations
Argumentation Frameworks
Variety of Semantics – can be used to choose best options
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Calculate best options (non-contradictory opinions)
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Wyner, van Engers, & Bahreini. From Policy-making Statements to First-order Logic. EGOV 2010
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Formal Representations
Argumentation Schemes Appeal to Expert Opinion Appeal to Popular Opinion From Analogy Slippery Slope ....
Indicate Relevant “Critical Questions” for a discussion Patterns for Information Extraction (SWAIE 2012)
John Danaher, http://philosophicaldisquisitions.blogspot.ie/2010/03/argumentation-schemes-part-1.html
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Goal
Extract arguments from text. Reconstruct argumentation into formal
representations. Make a representation that we can reason with even
in the face of inconsistency.
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How to automate?
What aspects of social media are relevant to extracting and representing argumentation?
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Dimensions of (Argumentative) Expression
Genre Metadata Properties of users Goals of a particular dialogue Context Informal language Implicit info Sentiment techniques Subjectivity and objectivity
Genre
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Metadata
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Properties of Users
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Goals
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Goals of #election2012 tweets?
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Related Papers
Schneider and Wyner. “Identifying Consumers' Arguments in Text”, SWAIE 2012 at EKAW 2012.
Wyner, Schneider, Atkinson, and Bench-Capon. “Semi-Automated Argumentative Analysis of Online Product Reviews.” In 4th International Conference on Computational Models of Argument (COMMA 2012).
Wyner and Schneider. ''Arguing from a point of view'', Agreement Technologies 2012.
October 9, 201221
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Acknowledgments
Project Funding Science Foundation Ireland Grant No. SFI/08/CE/I1380 (Líon-2) Short-term scientific mission (STSM 1868) from the COST Action
ICO801 on Agreement Technologies FP7-ICT-2009-4 Programme, IMPACT Project, Grant Agreement
Number 247228
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Thanks!
Questions? Contacts:
Jodi Schneider [email protected]@jschneider
Brian Davis [email protected] Adam Wyner [email protected]
Copyright 2011 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved.
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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Examples of Arguments in Social Media
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Arguments
Claim: Jaffa Cakes are cakesJustification: official EU ruling; cakes go hard when
stale
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https://twitter.com/robeastaway/status/135838892694839296
27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Heath_Totten
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Arguments
Claim: does not merit an articleJustification: hasn’t played
since 2008, mediocre record
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http://www.amazon.co.uk/review/R34F9M7871K2W0/ref=cm_cr_rev_detmd_pl?ie=UTF8&asin=B004M8S152&cdForum=FxM7A99WYT0UJ9&cdMsgID=Mx35ZEPGH4SV7JK&cdMsgNo=1&cdPage=1&cdSort=oldest&cdThread=Tx1C124R97075W9&store=photo#Mx35ZEPGH4SV7JK
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Arguments
31
Claim: If Canon does not make the repair, you should take them to small claims court.
Justification: it’s easy, cheap, and can be done online; it’s within your rights
http://www.vangrondelle.com/2010/10/ekaw-2010/
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Arguments
33
Claim: The in-use paper category is important. Justification: Provides a platform for research scaling up
to enterprise scale.
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Enabling Networked Knowledge34
etc
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Using Argumentation
Mark & help resolve inconsistencies Provide justifications & explanations
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Formalism: Abstract argumentation frameworks
AF = hA; attacki, where A is a set of arguments and attack a binary relation on A.
A variety of semantics are available to evaluate the arguments.
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Formalism: argumentation schemes
Presumptive patterns of reasoning
Position To Know 1. Ms. Peters is in a position to know whether Mr. Jones was at
the party. 2. Ms. Peters asserts that Mr. Jones was at the party. 3. Therefore, presumptively, Mr. Jones was at the party.
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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Key Point
The overall popularity of an opinion is not as important as the reasons supporting it
Image: http://www.nickmilton.com/2012/03/when-people-trust-crowds.html
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Key Point
overwhelming numbers of people may not matter
Photograph DAVID GILES/PA NEWS WIRE/AP PHOTO - February 7, 2011 New Yorker via http://www.vincentskeltis.com/blog/2011/2/7/crowd-crush.html
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Key Point
as much as a particular reason against it
http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/crowd-crush-mars-jls-no1-431245
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