Development

of Engineering

Sector in

BangladeshProf Munaz Ahmed Noor

Pro-Vice-Chancellor

National University and Prof

Department of Civil

Engineering BUET

Bangladesh - Youngest South

Asian Nation

Progressing from war devastation in 1971. Atraditionally agrarian economy, to a Textile and readymade Garment powerhouse of the world. Mixed economy.

On track to achieve MDG’s

Largely food secured

Noticeable Rural development and poverty reduction

Labour or capital intensity is evolving into knowledge intensity.

ICT is the vehicle of the knowledge economy

A Growing economy

GDP growth rate more than tripled

Food production increased three-fold

Population growth rate declined from around 2.9% to 1.4% per annum from 1974 to 2013

Life expectancy at birth increased 71(2014) from 42(1971)

Upper MIC by 2021 and advanced economy by 2041

Once ‘bottomless basket case’ in early 1970s is now is a ‘model for economic development’

GDP per Capita [since 2006]

Theme21st century – human, social and economic progress through engineering. Focus is not to the new technology or innovation but how we are using it.

Bangladesh’s core competency lies in

transforming and brokering

innovations for local and

global consumption —

instead of merely inventing

new things just for the sake of

inventing them

Sectors in Development

Industry

Service

Agriculture

Engineering Education

Sector wise Contribution

Sector wise growth contribution

Service sector 49.3

Industry 31.99

Agriculture 18.7

Sector Wise labor force

Service 40

Industry 13

Agriculture 47

Shift of employment

Sub Sectors in Development

Industry

Manufacturing

Construction

Power, gas and water

Service

Transport, Information Communication

Agriculture

Machinery, Irrigation

Industry: Manufacturing

Contribution of Manufacturing

sectors to GDP growth

Number of establishments In 1973-74: 1427 no.

In 2013

Manufacturing Growth %

Share of large and small

manufacturing to GDP

Light engineering

Apprx. 40,000 enterprises; 89,632 employees

Market size: Tk 51,510 million (US$ 748.7 million) for local manufacturers

Provides support

Machinery and spares Parts - transport, agricultural & power sector

Consumer Items

Indigenous Mini Hydroelectricity

Mechanized brick crusher

Furniture Manufacturing, Ceramics, Leather

Light Engineering

80’s, duty free import of diesel engine driven

pumps for irrigation. Local innovative

technicians successfully made

boat engines using the driving power of these

diesel.

3-wheeler automobile from irrigation pump

engines. Such vehicles could provide cheap

transport for poor rural people

Light engineering

Motorcycle industry-Growth > 25%.

Potential to grab significant portion of

Asian market

Importers, assemblers, manufacturer

Bicycle industry – 7.5 % of total engineering

export. Starts in 1970

Light Engineering

Electrical switches and accessories

Compact florescent light (CFL)

Samsung is the global leader in Consumer

Electronics, mobile phones and imaging

technologies decided to set up a global

software R&D center in Dhaka

Semi-Conductor

Cell Phone Assembly

Product map

Industry: Manufacturing -

Shipbuilding

Productivity and labor cost

Shipbuilding orders

Industry: Construction

Cement

Cement installed capacity: 30 mn MT

Production: 18 mn MT

Before 2000 mostly imported

In 1971 two cement factories production

capacity were .29 mn MT

Steel

Steel installed capacity: 7 mn MT

Production: 4 mn MT

In 1971 one steel re rolling mill - 0.35 mn MT

Industry: Power, gas and

Water

Industry: Power

In 1971 installed capacity: 200 MW

At present: 10817 MW

Maximum generation in 2015: 7194 MW

Derated capacity March 2015: 10375 MW

Access to electricity 1971: 3%

At present 68%+

Per capita generation in 1971: 10.37 kWh

At present: 348 kWh

System loss in 1971: 30%

At present: 11.%

Distribution Line: At present 3,00,000 km

Nuclear power by 2018 1000 MW and by 2020

2000MW

2011

Per capita generation

Energy production

Kilogram of oil equivalent

Renewable energy

Renewable energy to reach 500 MW currently 80 MW installed. Sustainable and renewable energy development authority (SREDA) Micro hydropower plant : Barkal

Solar home system by IDCOL, UNDP, LGED and others.

Grameen sakti

Biogas

Biofuel: Briquette

Energy- mix : bio-mass fuel, commercial fuels & renewable energy technologies Brick burning-modern process

Cross border

Cross Border 500 MW

Industry: Water and

Sanitation

Water and sanitation late 1960s - Oral Rehydration Solution - reduce

diarrhea deaths of children under 5 by 86 % in 30 years. (260,000 in 1971 compared to 36,000 in 2004)

1970s - large-scale safe water supply

Overall safe water coverage is only 74 % because of naturally occurring arsenic contamination of groundwater. [MDG target 86%]

Sanitation coverage remains low at 56 %, [MDG target 60%]

Innovative approaches: community-led total sanitation and new management models for piped rural water supply

Service: Transport

Infrastructure

Padma Bridge Project

Metro rail

Bus rapid transit

Besides, the plans to construct smaller link

and approach roads, bridges, flyovers,

underpasses and tunnels,

PPP projects

Dhaka-Chittagong Access Control Highway

Dhaka City Elevated Expressway,

Dhaka-Narayanganj-Gazipur-Dhaka

Elevated Expressway

Rail

Total rout length: 2885 km

BG 507 km

MG 1785 km

DG 364 km

Formulation of BR Master plan is finished

Road

In 1971: 2500 km road network

At present: 21156 km road network

National Highway: 3812 km

Regional Highway: 4247 km

Number of Bridges: 4507

Number of Culverts: 13751

Many Mega Development projects are underway

Port

Five Container Terminal

Two sea ports

New Mooring Container terminal

Paira Sea port

Deep see port: Sonadia

Airline passengers

Service: Information

Technology

Information economy

Despite less developed countries, a pioneer

in reaching out to the larger population

through technology

Mobile phone penetration one of the highest

in the developing economies with a

teledensity of over 75%.

Internet penetration rate is estimated to be at

7% - with most people using mobile internet

Over 2.1 million Facebook users

Internet users

Mobile phone subscribers, in millions

Information economy -

Outsourcing

Bangladeshi outsourcing pioneers comprises less complex projects

Data Processing

Software Development

Graphics design,

Website development,

Mobile content development,

2D/3D animation,

Desktop publications and

Call centers.

Agriculture: Machinery

Agriculture

Triple rice production 40 yrs since

independence

Green Revolution technology with chemical

fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, credit,

product procurement, storage, and

marketing facilities

Irrigation - Treadle Pump, AWD method,

Buried Pipe Irrigation,

Agricultural machinery and

spares

Pumping of water for irrigation buried pipe water distribution systems rubber dams to trap river water for irrigation

high speed rotary tillers and power tiller operated seeders

BARI developed 100% maize shelling is done by maize sheller

bed maker cum seeder

Urea Super Granule (USG) Applicator

rice-wheat thresher, open-drum thresher, wetland weeder and winnower

Agriculture - Adaptation to

impacts of climate change

Zero or minimum tillage crop and system

Char land

Modified sorjan system (zuzubi garden) with vegetable cultivation

Cultivating foxtail millet (koan)

Supplementary irrigation from mini ponds

Year-round homestead vegetable cultivation

Dhap Cultivation or Floating method

Aquaculture

Saline resistant crop

Fibre

Jute: Industrial Application

Jutin, for example, is an innovative building

material based on jute fiber and which is

lightweight, heat-insulating, and rust-proof

Bio-composite

Geotextile

Engineering Education

At Present

Public University 35

Private University 80+

Public Engineering University 5 + IUT

Polytechnic College: Govt 50+ Non Govt 90+

Engineering College 9+

Technical and vocational institution Govt 248

Non Govt 3518

In 1971

Public University 6

Private University Nil

Public Engineering University 1

Polytechnic College: G-17 NG-Nil

Engineering College G-4

Technical and vocational institute G-58 NG-Nil

Conclusions

Noticeable progress in the last 45 years. This Growing economy will in future.

Talented youths and cheap labor forces are the main strength.

Focus on

heavy industry and ITES.

power, energy, SDG and climate change resilience.

reducing gap between R&D and industry

quality and future looking education

Thank you