International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 573
Design of Fixture for Spot Welding Machine Shantanu Pawar*
*(UG Student, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Email: shantanupawar45 @gmail.com)
----------------------------------------************************----------------------------------
Abstract: The project we are going to work is of spot welding machine. The operation being carried out in current
situation is like, there are two operator working alternatively on same machine by sitting on either sides of
machine. The operator has to perform six spot of weld on the workpiece. They have to operate machine by
single foot pedal alternatively.Current fixture requires the hammering action for loading and unloading
purpose . the speed at which it is carried out is very fast which leads to operator fatigue . In this project we
will try to overcome the above problem by designing the new fixture, In which loading and unloading job
will be very easy and accurate. This will also lead to improve the cycle time.
----------------------------------------************************----------------------------------
Introduction : 1. SPOT WELDING
Resistance spot welding (RSW) is a process in which contacting metal surface points are joined by
the heat obtained from resistance to electric current. It is a subset of electric resistance welding. Work-
pieces are held together under pressure exerted by electrodes. Typically the sheets are in the 0.5 to 3 mm
(0.020 to 0.118 in) thickness range. The process uses two shaped copper alloy electrodes to concentrate
welding current into a small "spot" and to simultaneously clamp the sheets together. Forcing a large
current through the spot will melt the metal and form the weld. The attractive feature of spot welding is
that a lot of energy can be delivered to the spot in a very short time (approximately 10–100 milliseconds).
That permits the welding to occur without excessive heating of the remainder of the sheet.
Resistance spot welding is often used in sheet metal production as an important metal joining process. It
has many uses in the automotive, railroad car manufacturing, aerospace and nuclear, electrical and
electronic industries. It can be used in a wide variety of materials, such as low carbon steel, nickel,
aluminum, titanium, copper alloy, and stainless steel, as well as high-strength and low-alloy steel. It also
plays an important role in robotics. Chao stated that the modern vehicle has between 2000 and 5000
welding points. Simplicity, low costs, high speed and automation options are some of the advantages of
this method. Resistance spot welding was invented in 1877 by E. Thomson. It is a method of joining two
or more metal parts by fusing them together at discrete locations on the workpiece interface.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 574
Fig.1Spotwelding
Fig. 2 Process of spot welding
1.1 FIXTURE:
A fixture is a work-holding or supporting device used in manufacturing. Fixtures are used to safely locate
work (place it in a specific location or orientation) and to assist in work to ensure that all parts
manufactured with the template maintain conformity and interchangeability. The use of an apparatus
improves production economics by allowing smooth operation and rapid transition from one part to
another, reducing the need for skilled labor by simplifying assembly of workpieces and increasing
compliance during a work run. production.
The basic purposes of developing and using suitable fixtures for batch production inmachine shops are:
• Toeliminate marking, punching, positioning, alignments etc.
• Easy, quick and consistently accurate locating, supporting andc lamping the blank in
alignment of the cutting tool Guidance to the cutting tool like drill,reameretc.
• Increase in productivity and maintain product quality consistently
• To Reduce operator‘s labour and skill–requirement
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 575
• To Reduce measurement and its cos.t
• Enhancing technological capacity of the machine tools
• Reductionofoverallmachiningcostandalsoincreasesininterchangeability.
Hence, provision of fixtures as production tools provides the following: Manufacture accurately
duplicate and interchangeable parts. Jigs and fixtures are specially designed so that large numbers of
components can be machined or assembled identically, and to ensureinter changeability of
components. Facilitate economical production of engineering components.
1.2.1 Fixture Element Generally, the entire fixture is made up of the following elements Locators:
A locator is typically a permanent component of a fixture. It is used to establish and maintain the position
of a part in a fixture by restricting the part's movement.
Clamps: A clamp is a fixture force-actuating mechanism. The clamps' forces secure a part in the fixture
against all other external forces.
Fixture Body: The fixture body, also known as the tool body, is the main structural element of a fixture. It
keeps the relationship between the fixture elements, such as the Locator, clamps, and supports, and the
machine tool on which the part will be processed, intact.
Supports: A support is a fixed or adjustable component of a fixture. When severe part displacement is
anticipated as a result of imposed clamping and processing.
These modular fixture components can be assembled in a variety of configurations to accommodate a
variety of work pieces
2. Problem Statement
Currently there are two operators working alternatively on a same machine by sitting oneither sides of
machine. The operator has to perform six spots of weld on the work piece manually. The speed at
which the operation is carried out is quite fast, which leads too perator fatigue and also the unloading
of
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 576
workpieceistime consuming.
Fig.3CurrentConditionofWorking
DESIGNANDCALCULATIONS
3.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATION INFIXTURE DESIGN. The fixture's main frame must be strong enough to allow for as little deflection as possible. This fixture
deflection is caused by cutting forces, clamping of the work piece, or clamping to the machine table. The
fixture's main frame should have enough mass to prevent vibration and chatter. Frames can be constructed
from simple sections so that they can be screwed or welded as needed. Welding can be used on parts of the
frame that will be permanently attached to the fixture. Screws can be used to hold parts that need to be
changed frequently. When the body of the fixture has a complex shape, it may be cast from a good grade
of cast iron. Clamping should be done quickly and with as little effort as possible. Clamps should be
placed in such a way that they are easily accessible and removable. Spring-supported clamps should be
used to keep clamps against the bolt head whenever possible. If the clamp is to swing away from the work,
it should be allowed to swing as far as necessary to remove the work piece. All clamps on the locator
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 577
should be easily visible to the operator and accessible for cleaning, positioning, or tightening. Provision
should be made for easy chip disposal so that chip storage does not interfere with operation and chip
removal during operation does not interfere with the cutting process.
3.1 DESIGNDEVELOPMENT
Fig.4FixtureonCREO 2.0
Fig.5Differentviewsoffixture
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development
©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved
3.2 DEVELOPMENTOFFIXTURE
After suggesting no. of design of fixture design one of it is approved by in
that fixture design. As the design was the finalized we modified the
currently used in industry. As there were three pins on the
pins with attachment of toggle clamp as sho
As per the design, the right pin was reshaped from circular to split pin and is
manner that it would not get press it at the time of welding so that the
neglected at the time of ejection.
The centre pin was reduced in diameter by taking no of trials to avoid fixing of
finally it was repositioned and resize. The left pin was repositioned
attachment of toggle clamp. This clamp is been provided
upper plate.
As per the design we developed the
supervisor of that shop and no further problem was developed of the
hammering action were needed due
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5,
Available at www.ijsred.com
©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved
Fig.6DevelopedFixtures
After suggesting no. of design of fixture design one of it is approved by in dustry so
As the design was the finalized we modified the existing fixture which is been
currently used in industry. As there were three pins on the fixture we repositioned and resize the
pins with attachment of toggle clamp as shown infig.14.
As per the design, the right pin was reshaped from circular to split pin and is placed in such a
manner that it would not get press it at the time of welding so that the hammering
reduced in diameter by taking no of trials to avoid fixing of job into fixture and
finally it was repositioned and resize. The left pin was repositioned and modified in diameter with
attachment of toggle clamp. This clamp is been provided to the restriction on the
As per the design we developed the fixture and took trials on it and the design was satisfied by the
supervisor of that shop and no further problem was developed of the job was getting stuck and
to easy removal of job.
, Sep- Oct 2021
www.ijsred.com
so we worked on
existing fixture which is been
fixture we repositioned and resize the
placed in such a
hammering action is
job into fixture and
and modified in diameter with
the movement of
was satisfied by the
getting stuck and no
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 579
3.3 DESIDNOF TABLE
Inthismanualfeedingmechanismitconsistsofbearingandslidingjointcompletethejob.Itbaseismadeofhollo
wshaftinwhichonedeepgrooveballbearingis fitted with fixed outer race. In the inner race shaft is fitted
which flange coupling at other end. This fange coupling is coupled with circular table for easy rotation
of table.
This circular table consists of two stations which means two jobs can be kept at
atime.Amongwhichononestationwillbeundermachineoperationandanotherwillbeof loading and
unloading operation. For rotation of fixture another small dimension bearing is been used which is
fixed in sliding plate. Just at time of spot welding the operator has to slide the sliding plate and rotate
the fixture and carry out six spot weld. After which the job is forward to next station for firstly unload
and then load new jobs. The design is shown in below figure.
Fig.7Assemblydrawing
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 580
3.3.1 DETAILEDDRAWINGOFDIFFERENTCOMPONENTS
Fig.16CircularPlateDrawing
Fig.8SlidingPlateDrawing
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 581
Fig.9ConnectingShaft Drawing
Fig.10HollowShaft Drawin
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 582
Fig.11FlangeCouplingDrawing
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 583
3.4Calculations:
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 584
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 585
Methodology: The project work is bifurcated into various to facilitate independent attention on all
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 586
thebasic details related to design, fabrication analysis & calculations. For this, we
havefollowed a methodology which helped us to counter even the smallest issue related
to anyaspectoftheproject.Thesestepsinclude:
4.1 Datacollection
4.2 Materialselection
4.3 Design&Forceanalysis
4.4 ProcessFlaming
4.5 Fabrication
4.1 DATACOLLECTION:
Thissectionofmethodologyincludestheworkofcollectingdata&researchpapersrelatedandrel
evanttooursubject.Forthis,wehavegonethroughvarioussourcesincluding few search
engines, research portals and websites to gather informationregarding our project and
also communicated with the industry personal for what kind
ofproblemstheyarefacingwhile performingthe operation.
4.2 MATERIALSELECTION:
After the step of design and then comes the step of material selection andprocurement.The
selection of a proper material, for engineering purposes, is one ofthe most difficultwork for
the designer. The best mateiial is one which serves thedesired objective at
theminimumcost.Thefollowingfactorsshouldbeconsideredwhileselectingthematerial:
1. Availabilityofthematerials,
2. Suitabilityofthematerials fortheworkingconditionsinservice,and
3. Thecostofthematerials.
Theimportantproperties,whichdeterminetheutilityofthematerialarePhysical,Chemical and
Mechanical properties. All the materials required for the
componentsThereforethematerialselectedare:
EN8 is the material chosen for the fixture. It is an unalloyed medium carbon steel that is used in
applications that require better properties than mild steel but do not justify the purchase of a steel
alloy. EN8 can be flame or induction hardened to provide a good surface hardness and moderate
wear resistance.
For the table Mild steel is a type of carbon steel with a low carbon content; it is also known as
"low carbon steel." Although ranges vary depending on the source, the amount of carbon found
in mild steel is typically 0.05 % to 0.25 % by weight, whereas higher carbon steels are typically
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 587
described as having a carbon content ranging from 0.30 % to 2.0 %. If more carbon is added, the
steel will be classified as cast iron.
Mild steel is not an alloy steel, so it does not contain large amounts of other elements besides
iron; it does not contain large amounts of chromium, molybdenum, or other alloying elements.
Because of its low carbon and alloying element content.
Because mild steel contains less carbon, it is more ductile, machinable, and weldable than high
carbon and other steels; however, it is nearly impossible to harden and strengthen through
heating and quenching.The low carbon contentalsomeans it has very little carbon and other
alloying elements to block dislocations in itscrystal structure, generally resulting in less tensile
strength than high carbon and
alloysteels.Mildsteelalsohasahighamountironandferrite,makingitmagnetic
4.3DESIGNCONCEPT
For the design and tis calculations, we had to go through the concept of Design
ofMachineelement,Metallurgy&ProductionScience.Thishelpedusinselectingthe optimum design
procedure and precise production plan to fabricate our product. Thecalculations were done
considering the best possible and optimal conditions so as to make
theproductuserfriendlyandeconomical.Alsotofurtherreducethepriceandcomplexity,wedecidedtom
akethe productas‘mechanical’and robust.
4.3.1 Stepsoffixturedesign
Successfulfixturedesignsbeginwithalogicalandsystematicplan.Withacompleteanalysisof
thefixture'sfunctional requirements,veryfewdesign problemsoccur.Fixturedesignisafive-
stepproblem-solvingprocess.Thefollowingisadetailed analysisofeachstep.
Step1:DefineRequirements
To initiate the fixture-design process, clearly state the problem to besolved or needs to
bemet. State these requirements as broadly as possible, butSpecifically enough to define
thescopeofthe designprojectortoimprove existingproduction.
So we got the problem of loading and ejection and proper clamping of part 2 over
theplate (as showninstandardpartdesign)
Step2:Gather/AnalyzeInformation
Collect all relevant data and assemble it for evaluation. The main sources of
informationarethepartprintprocesssheets,andmachinespecifications.Makesurethatpartdocu
ments and records are current. Four categories of designconsiderations need to betaken
into account at this time: work piece specifications,operation variables,
availabilityofequipmentandpersonnel.
So we have gathered the No. of parts produced, time cycle, rejection rate as shown
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 588
intablebelow.
Particulars Collected Data
No.ofpartsproducedperday 2200
No.ofspotsoneachjob 6
Cycletime 26seconds
No.ofoperators 2
No.ofpartsrejectedperday 34
RejectionRate 1.59%
Step3:Develop SeveralOptions
This phase of the fixture-design process requires the most creativity. Atypical work piececan
belocated and clamped several differentways.The naturaltendency is to think ofone solution,
then develop and refine it while blocking outother, perhaps better solutions.A designer
should brainstorm for several good toolingalternatives, not just choose onepath right away.
During this phase, the designer‘sgoal should be adding options, notdiscarding them. In the
interest of economy,alternative designs should be developed onlyfarenoughtomakesure
theyarefeasibleandtodoacostestimate.
And followingareseveralsolutionsdeveloped.
Firstsolution–inthisnesttypefixturepositioningoflowerplateisproperbutsecondor upper plate
isnotgetting exactas itis requiredin assembly . alsowith fixturejamming or adhesion of the
workpiece may take place with the wall and this will not leadtoeasyremovalofworkpiece,
sowemovedtonextsolution.Itisshowninbelowfig.
Fig. 12 TrialFixture1
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development
ISSN : 2581-7175
Second solution – in this the drawbacks of above solution were solved and properplacing of
the jobs were taking place . In this easy ejection of
hammering action needed for existing fixture. But the only problem inthisfixture we came
across was, when spot were being carried out from right side the upperplate was getting
lifted up so we needed to restrict one mo
platesgetlocked.Itisasshowninbelowfigure
Third solution – here in this solution all the drawbacks were over
was been finalized. The detailed
Step 4:Choose the Best Option:
As discussed with our guide and industrial coordinator, the solution third was been fixed
after all the considerations were
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue
Available at www.ijsred.com
©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved
in this the drawbacks of above solution were solved and properplacing of
the jobs were taking place . In this easy ejection of job also successfully donerather than
hammering action needed for existing fixture. But the only problem inthisfixture we came
across was, when spot were being carried out from right side the upperplate was getting
lifted up so we needed to restrict one more movement so that allmovementofboththe
platesgetlocked.Itisasshowninbelowfigure
Fig. 13TrialFixture2
here in this solution all the drawbacks were overcomed and this fixture
detailed in formation and design iscoveredinchapter3.
Fig. 14TrialFixture3
Option:
As discussed with our guide and industrial coordinator, the solution third was been fixed
were studied.
Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
www.ijsred.com
Page 589
in this the drawbacks of above solution were solved and properplacing of
job also successfully donerather than
hammering action needed for existing fixture. But the only problem inthisfixture we came
across was, when spot were being carried out from right side the upperplate was getting
re movement so that allmovementofboththe
d and this fixture
iscoveredinchapter3.
As discussed with our guide and industrial coordinator, the solution third was been fixed
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 590
The reason for finalizing the fixture was all the needs or requirements were fulfilled inthis
case i.e. proper alignment of jobs due to which the rejections of job reduce with it easy
removal of work piece also reduces time cycle.
Step5:Implement the Design
The final phase of the fixture-design process consists of turning the chosen design approach
into reality. The following guidelines should be considered during the final-design process to
make the fixture less costly while improving its efficiency.
These rules are amix of practical considerations.[11]
i. Use standard components: The economics of standard parts apply
totoolingcomponentsas wellas tomanufacturedproducts.
ii. Useprefinishedmaterials:PrefinishedandpreformedmaterialsshouldbeusedWherePossib
le tolowercostsandsimplifyconstruction,
iii. Eliminatefinishingoperations:Finishingoperationsshouldneverbeperformedforcosmeti
c purposes.Makinga fixturelookbetteroftencandoubleitscost.
Byusing thisfixturetheactualtask isperformed andwehavego thefollowing result.
No. of parts
produced
Timerequired No. of parts
rejected
Oldfixture 2200 26 sec 32
Newfixture 2200 24 sec 8
Table2
Step 6:ActuationMethod:
After the successful implementation of fixture we have to its actuation method. As we
have to remove the skill operator and instead unskilled operator should do the task we
have also design the actuation mechanism.
By using this we have reduced the fatigue of operator, rejection rate, cycle time and thus
increased the production rate.
The difference with and without the mechanism is shown in table below.
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 591
No.ofpartsproduced Timerequired
Withoutmechanism 2200 8hours
Withmechanism 2200 6.7hours
Table3
5.0GANTTCHART
Table5:GanttChart
7.0FUTURESCOPE
Our project is manually operated currently but in future this machine can be
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 592
fullyautomated by means of using various modes of actuation i.e rotation of circular table
,rotation of fixture andlifting of table by actuating cylinders eitherhydraulically
orpneumatically. Below are the details of the part which may be used for the means
ofdoingfullautomation.
Full autoamation process this can also be integrated in three methods.
Basicscomponents will remain same i.e. servo motor , stepper motor , pneumatic
actuators
orhydraulicactuatorsanddifferentkindsofsensors.Butonlychangeinthereconfrigrationswillb
rtheresoastomake the process easier.
Followingarethemethodsoffullautomationprocess,
First method will be consisting of one servo motor one stepper motor and
onepneumatic actuator. Among which servowillbe usedforrotating table
stepperforrotatingfixture and actuator for lifting of table.This all will beintegrated
tomachinewith PLC along with this many sensors will be used like timmer sensor,
positioningsensor,proximitysensor,etc.The arrangementasshowninbelowfig.
Fig.15Method1
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 593
Second methods will be consisting of four motors with no need of actuator in
thismethod. If we keep three stations i.e. three fixture on the table so each station
willemployed with one stepper motor for purpose of rotating fixture individually. This
willfulfill thepurposr of rotatingfixtureandremainingrotatingtablewill
achievedbyanotherstepper motor.But the drawback of this system is that the system
becomeshighlycomplexandbulky.Anddueitscomplexstructureitscontrollingandprogrammi
ngbecomes difficult.
Fig.16Method2
Third method consists of only one stepper or servo motor along with
infrareddedsensor for getting positioning of job. This is the most simplestmethod of
matching thearc of the circle of table with arc of the job andusing only onemotor for
rotation oftable. Its programming alsogets easier as the no. of components gets
reduced.Thearrangementas shown inbelowfigure.
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 594
Fig.17Method3
8. CONCLUSION
The main objective of the project was to unskill the operator and making the operation
abit easier for operator. So as to reduce the stress level as well as the co-ordination
levelbetween the two operator. So as a result of our study, we weresuccessfully able
toeliminate one skill operator and also making operation easier. Along with this we
haddone development of fixture which tends to reduce the work for operator resulting
inreduce in cycle time also. Two operators which are required now in which one is for
onlyloadingandunloadingthejob,soforany unskill personis suitable andremainingoperation
is done by skilled person or we can say semiskilled person. The skill levelwhichwas
expectedbeforeis notrequirednow.
Due to implementation of new fixture the accuracy so job also increased which leads
toreduction in rejection rate , due to whichproduction also increased. This will
alsoreduce the costing of job as the time, skill operator and power consumption gets
reduce.Thefollowingobservationswererecordedasbelow,
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 595
SR NO PARAMETER BEFORE
PROJECT
AFTER
PROJECT
1 Partsproduced 2200 2618
2 Productionrate 19%
3 Rejectionrate 1.59% 1%
3 Cycletime 26 sec 21 sec
4 Timerequired 8hours 6.7hours
5 Trainingperiod 45days 5days
6 Powerconsumption 13817units 11572units
7 Electricitycost Rs.98106 Rs.82409
8 Labourcost Rs.249600 Rs.211200
TOTALCOSTSAVING Rs.54097/year
Table.6
REFRENCES
[1] “JigsandFixture”thirdedition,PublishedbyTataMcGraw-
HillEducationPvt.ltd.,2010,byP.H.Joshi.
[2] “AReview onDesignofFixtures”,Volume
2,Issue2,InternationalJournalofEngineering Research and General Science, Feb-
Mar 2014, Shailesh S. Pachbhai,LaukikP.Raut.
[3] “Design and development of Fixture for eccentric shaft”, Vol. 3, Issue
1,InternationalJournalofEngineeringResearchandApplications,February2013.Sh
rikant.V.Peshatwar,L.PRaut.
[4] “ An Advance Exploration on Fixture Design” Volume 5, Issue 6 (Part-
3),Internationaljournalofengineering researchandapplication,June2015,V.R.Basha,J.
J.Salunke.
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 5, Sep- Oct 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 596
[5] “Astudyonfixturedesign forcomplexpart”,Volume1 (01),International
journaloffuturistictrends inengineeringandtechnology,2014,R.D.Makwana, N. D.
Gosvani.
[6] “Development, fortification and analysis of fixture”, Volume 3, Issue 4,
Internationaljournal of innovative research in science, April 2014, Kiran Valandi, M.
Vijaykumar,KishorKumarS.
[7] B.VijayaRamnath1*,C.Elanchezhian1,S.Rajesh2,S.JayaPrakash3,B.ManojKumaar3,
K. Rajeshkannan3 1*Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SriSai Ram
Engineering College,Chennai- 600 044, India.“Design and Development
ofMillingFixtureforFrictionStirWelding”.2017ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Selectionand
Peer-review under responsibility of International Conference on Processingof Materials,
Minerals and Energy (July 29th – 30th) 2016, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh,India.
[8] Prof. Mr.Uday C. Agashe1, Mr.Adwait Ranpise2, Mr.Mayur Mahajan3, Mr.
AnilShrirame4 1, 2, 3, 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute
ofEngineeringandTechnology,Pimpri,Pune-411018.“StudyofFixtureanditsModifications”.
International Journal for Research in Applied Science &
EngineeringTechnology(IJRASET)ISSN:2321-
9653;ICValue:45.98;SJImpactFactor:6.887
[9] Volume6IssueIV, April2018.Shailesh S.Pachbhai1, Laukik P.Raut
21Research Scholar,
Department of MechanicalEngineering, G.H.Raisoni college of Engineering, Nagpur
4400162Assistant Professor,Department of Mechanical Engineering, G.H.Raisoni college
of Engineering, Nagpur440016
“A Review on Design of Fixtures”.International Journal of Engineering Research
andGeneralScienceVolume 2,Issue2,Feb-Mar2014ISSN2091-2730.
[10] Zeshan Ahmad1,2,*, Tipu Sultan1, Muhammad Asad3, Matteo Zoppi2 and
ReziaMolfino21SchoolofEngineering(SEN),DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,Unive
rsity of Management& Technology,C II Johar Town Lahore 54770,
Pakistan.2Department of Mechanical Engineering (DIME), University of Genoa,
Italy.3College
ofEngineering,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,PrinceMuhammadBinFahdUniversit
y,KSA
“Fixture layout optimization for multi pointrespot welding of sheet metals”.Journal
ofMechanicalScienceandTechnology32(4)(2018)1749~1760www.springerlink.com/conte
nt/1738-494x(Print)/1976-3824(Online)
DOI10.1007/s12206-018-0331-5
[11] T.Papastathisa,O.Bakkera,S.Ratcheva,A.Popov,“Design Methodology
forMechatronic ActiveFixtureswithMovableClamps”.