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HTMLConcepts and Techniques

Fifth Edition

Chapter 2

Creating and Editing a Web Page

Chapter 2: Creating and Editing a Web Page 2

Chapter Objectives

• Identify elements of a Web page• Start Notepad and describe the Notepad

window• Enable word wrap in Notepad• Enter the HTML tags• Enter a centered heading and a paragraph of

text


Chapter Objectives

• Create an unordered, ordered, or definition list• Save an HTML file• Use a browser to view a Web page• Activate Notepad• Identify Web page image types and attributes


Chapter Objectives

• Add an image, change the background color of a Web page, and add a horizontal rule

• View the HTML source code in a browser• Print a Web page and an HTML file• Quit Notepad and a browser

General Project Guideline – Plan Ahead

1. Complete Web page planning

2. Analyze the need for the Web page

3. Choose the content for the Web page

4. Determine where to save the Web page

5. Identify how to format various elements of the Web page

6. Find appropriate graphical images

7. Establish where to position and how to format the graphical images

8. Test the Web page for XHTML compliance


Elements of a Web Page

1. Windows Elements• Includes title, body, background

2. Text Elements• Includes normal texts, list, headings

3. Image Elements• Include inline image, image map, hotspot,

animated image, horizontal rules

4. Hyperlink Elements• Include link or hyperlink


Defining Web Page Structure

• To create an HTML document, you use a text editor to enter information about the structure of the Web page.

• Before you begin entering the content, you must start by entering texts that define the overall structure of the Web page.

• You do this by inserting a <!DOCTYPE> tag and five tags <html>, <head>, <meta />, <title> and <body>.

• The <!DOCTYPE> tag is used to tell the browser which HTML or XHTML version and type the document uses.


Defining the HTML Document

• The first set of tags beyond the <!DOCTYPE> tag, <html> and /html> indicates the start and end of and HTML document.

• The Header – the next set of tags <head> and </head>, contains the Web page title and other document header information.

• The Body - the final set of tags, <body> and </body>, contains the main content of the Web page. All text , images, links and other content are contained within this final set of tags.



Starting Notepad

• Click the Start button on the Windows Vista taskbar to display the Start menu

• Click All Programs at the bottom of the left pane on the Start menu to display the All Programs list

• Click Accessories in the All Programs list• Click Notepad in the Accessories list to display

the Notepad window• If the Notepad window is not maximized, click the

Maximize button on the Notepad title bar to maximize it


Starting Notepad


Enabling Word Wrap in Notepad

• Click Format on the menu bar

• If the Word Wrap command does not have a check mark next to it, click Word Wrap

• Notes:– In Notepad, the text entered in the text area scrolls

continuously to the right unless the Word Wrap feature is enabled or turned on.

– Word Wrap cause text lines to break at the right edge of the Windows and appear on the new line, so all the entered text is visible in the Notepad window.

– Word wrap does not affect the way text prints.


Enabling Word Wrap in Notepad


HTML Tags and Their Functions


Defining the Web Page Structure Using HTML Tags• Enter the HTML code shown in Table 2–2 on page HTML

38. Press ENTER at the end of each line. If you make an error as you are typing, use the BACKSPACE key to delete all the characters back to and including the incorrect characters, and then continue typing

• Press the ENTER key once more, leaving one blank line after the </head> tag

• Type <body> and then press the ENTER key twice• Type </body> and then press the ENTER key• Type </html> as the end tag


Defining the Web Page Structure Using HTML Tags


Entering a Centered Heading

• Click the blank line below the <body> tag and type <h1 align=”center”>Please Help!</h1> in the text area, and then press the ENTER key twice


Entering a Centered Heading


Entering a Paragraph of Text

• With the insertion point on line 14, enter the HTML code as shown in Table 2–3 on page HTML 42. Press ENTER at the end of each line in Table 2-3 and use only one space after periods

• Press the ENTER key once more


Entering a Paragraph of Text


Creating an Unordered List

• With the insertion point on line 22, enter the HTML code as shown in Table 2–4 on page HTML 45. Press ENTER at the end of each line and use only one space after periods

• Press the ENTER key after typing line 28


Using Lists to Present Content

• Unordered List - examples: <ul type = “disc”> <ul type = “square”> <ul type = “circle”>

• Ordered List – examples: <ol type = “1”> <ol type = “A”> <ol type = “a”> <ol type = “I”> <ol type = “i”>


Creating an Unordered List


Saving an HTML File

• With a USB flash drive connected to one of the computer’s USB ports, click File on the Notepad menu bar

• Click Save As on the File menu to display the Save As dialog box

• If the Navigation pane is not displayed in the Save As dialog box, click the Browse Folders button to expand the dialog box

• If a Folders list is displayed below the Folders button, click the Folders button to remove the Folders list

• Type fooddrive.html in the File name text box to change the file name. Do not press ENTER after typing the file name

• If Computer is not displayed in the Favorite Links section, drag the top or bottom edge of the Save As dialog box until Computer is displayed


Saving an HTML File

• Click Computer in the Favorite Links section to display a list of available drives

• If necessary, scroll until UDISK 2.0 (G:) appears in the list of available drives

• Double-click UDISK 2.0 (G:) in the Computer list to select the USB flash drive, drive G in this case, as the new save location

• If necessary, open the Chapter02\ChapterFiles folder• Click the Save button in the Save As dialog box to save

the file on the USB flash drive with the name fooddrive.html


Saving an HTML File


Starting a Browser

• Click the Start button on the Windows Vista taskbar to display the Start menu

• Click the Internet icon in the pinned items list on the Start menu to start Internet Explorer

• If necessary, click the Maximize button to maximize the browser window


Starting a Browser


Viewing a Web Page in a Browser

• Click the Address bar to select the URL on the Address bar

• Type g:\Chapter02\ChapterFiles\fooddrive.html to display the new URL on the Address bar. The Web page does not display until you press the ENTER key as shown in the next step

• Press the ENTER key to display the fooddrive.html page as if it were available on the Web


Viewing a Web Page in a Browser


Activating Notepad

• Click the fooddrive.html - Notepad button on the taskbar to maximize Notepad and make it the active window


Adding an Image

• Click after the > symbol in <body> on line 11 and then press the ENTER key

• Type <img src=”fooddrivelogo.gif” width=”601” height=”170” alt=”Food Drive logo” /> and press ENTER to insert the image tag for the logo


Adding an Image


Image Types

1. Graphic Interchange Format (GIF)• Use for images with few color (<256)• Allow for transparent background.

2. Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG)• Use for images with many colors (>256) such as

photographs.

3. Portable Network Graphics (PNG)• Use for all types of images• Newest format for images• Allows for variation in transparency


Image Attributes

1. align – control alignment, can be set bottom, middle, top, left or right

2. alt – alternative text to display when an image is being loaded

3. border – defines the border width.

4. height – defines the height of the image.

5. hspace – defines the horizontal space that separates the image from the text

6. src – defines the URL of the image to be loaded

7. vspace – defines the vertical space that separates the image from the text

8. width – defines the width of the image.


Adding a Background Color

• Click after the “y” but before the closing bracket in <body> on line 11 and then press the SPACEBAR

• Type bgcolor=”#ffff99” as the background color code


Adding a Background Color


Adding a Horizontal Rule

• Click the blank line 23 and then press the ENTER key

• Type <hr /> as the HTML tag and then press the ENTER key

• Click File on the menu bar and then click Save


Adding a Horizontal Rule


Refreshing the View in a Browser

• Close the Notepad window• If necessary, click the Community Food Drive

Home Page button on the taskbar to display the home page

• Click the Refresh button on the Standard toolbar to display the modified Web page


Refreshing the View in a Browser

Validating HTML Code

• Click the Address bar on the browser to highlight the current URL

• Type validator.w3.org to replace the current entry then press the ENTER key

• If necessary, click OK if the browser asks to open a new window

• Click the Validate by File Upload tab• Click the Browse button



• Locate the fooddrive.html file on your storage device and then click the file name

• Click the Open button on the Choose file dialog box and the file name will be inserted into the File box

• Click the Check button. The resulting validation should be displayed.

• Return to the Community Food Drive Web page, either by clicking the Back button on your browser or by clicking the Community Food Drive button in the task bar





Viewing HTML Source Code for a Web Page• Click Page on the Command bar• Click View Source to view the HTML code in the

default text editor• Click the Close button on the Notepad title bar to

close the active Notepad window


Viewing HTML Source Code for a Web Page


Printing a Web Page and anHTML File• Ready the printer according to the printer instructions• With the Community Food Drive Web page open in the

browser window, click the Print icon on the Command bar• When the printer stops printing the Web page, retrieve the

printout. Notice that the background color does not print as part of the document

• Click the Notepad button on the taskbar to activate the Notepad window

• Click File on the menu bar and then click the Print command, and then click the Print button to print a hard copy of the HTML code


Printing a Web Page and anHTML File


Quitting Notepad and a Browser

• Click the Close button on the Notepad title bar• Click the Close button on the Community Food

Drive Home Page title bar


Chapter Summary

• Identify elements of a Web page• Start Notepad and describe the Notepad

window• Enable word wrap in Notepad• Enter the HTML tags• Enter a centered heading and a paragraph of

text


Chapter Summary

• Create an unordered, ordered, or definition list• Save an HTML file• Use a browser to view a Web page• Activate Notepad• Identify Web page image types and attributes


Chapter Summary

• Add an image, change the background color of a Web page, and add a horizontal rule

• View the HTML source code in a browser• Print a Web page and an HTML file• Quit Notepad and a browser

HTMLConcepts and Techniques

Fifth Edition

Chapter 2 Complete

Creating and Editing a Web Page