Thema&cfeaturesforintertextualanalysis
DigitalClassicistSeminarBerlin10.13.2015
ChristopherW.Forstall,[email protected]ć,[email protected],[email protected]
Intertextuality:plusquamverba
D.BammanandG.Crane.“Thelogicanddiscoveryoftextualallusion.”PaperpresentedattheSecondWorkshoponLanguageTechnologyforCulturalHeritageData(LaTeCH2008),Marrakesh,Morocco.D.Bamman.“IntertextualitybeyondWords”,blogpostedonFebruary17,2014onthewebsitehWp://tesserae.caset.buffalo.eduN.Coffee,J.-P.Koenig,S.Poornima,R.Ossewaarde,C.Forstall,andS.Jacobson.“IntertextualityintheDigitalAge.”Transac;onsoftheAmericanPhilologicalAssocia;on142.2(2012):318-419.OngoingworkbyMemorataPoebsandeTRAP
Verbaltextre-useanddigitaltools:
Searchingforwords
Booleansearching
-MusisquedeoquehWp://www.mqdq.it/mqdq/home.jsp-PHI(PackardHumani;esIns;tute)hWp://labn.packhum.org/-BibliothecaTeubnerianaLa;nahWp://www.degruyter.com/view/db/btl
-BrepolisLLT-A/LLT-BhWp://apps.brepolis.net/BrepolisPortal/default.aspx
Verbaltextre-useanddigitalsearching:Comparingtexts
• ComparingonetexttomanyMusisquedeoquehWp://www.mqdq.it/mqdq/cooccorrenze.jsp
• Comparingtwotexts
TesseraehWp://tesserae.caset.buffalo.edu/index.phpTLGhWp://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/Iris/inst/ngram.jsp
• Comparingtwotextsagainsttherestofthecorpus
Tesserae(mulb-textsearch)hWp://tesserae.caset.buffalo.edu/mulb-text.php
Tesserae
• Goalsincludeboth– Detecbonofallusions,asincommentaries– Developinggeneralmodelofintertextuality
• Currentfeaturesets– Principallyword-based(incl.lemmata)
• Experimentalfeaturesets– Semanbcallyrelatedlemmata– Character-leveln-grams– Paragraph-levelthemes
TestcaseI:
intertextualityandgenreinSta&us’Achilleid
• HowdoesStabusdeployallusionstoepicandelegiacsourcesinbook1oftheAchilleid?
• Isthetoneofthesourcetextrelevanttoreadersofthelater,alludingtext?
• DoesStabus’workitselfcontain“epic”and“elegiac”passages?
• Ifso,whatrelabonshipdoesthelater,alludingcontextbeartothesourcecontext?
Excursus:DigitalHumani&esintheclassroom
• 8students• Tradibonalexegebcalwork,
translabon• Datacollecbonfrom
commentaries• Workwithdigitaltools(Tesserae)
MastersseminaronStabus’AchilleidatUniversityofGeneva
• Eachsessionbeganwith15minutesummaryofworkinprogress• Onlineincrementalreportsappeared(belatedly)onTesseraeresearchblog
hWp://tesserae.caset.buffalo.edu/blog/
Stylis&cmarkersforgenre,I
Corpus
FeatureSet
• 21,000termfrequencies• PrincipalComponentsAnalysis
SampleSize
• Wholetexts
Elegies Epics
OvidAmoresOvidArsAmatoriaOvidRemediaOvidHeroides
VergilAeneidOvidMetamorphosesStabusThebaidStabusAchilleid
Stylis&cmarkersforgenre,II
Corpus
FeatureSet
• 2,000termfrequencies(beginningfromrank51)• PrincipalComponentsAnalysis
SampleSize
• 50(consecubve)verselines
Elegies Epics
TibullusElegiesProperbusElegiesOvidAmoresOvidArsAmatoriaOvidRemediaOvidHeroides
VergilAeneidOvidMetamorphosesLucanCivilWarStabusThebaidStabusAchilleidSiliusItalicusPunicaValeriusFlaccusArgonau;ca
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elegyepicOv. Met.
Stylis&cmarkersforgenre,II
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elegyepic (no Ovid)
Stylis&cmarkersforgenre,II
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−20
−15
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−50
5
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PC2
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Stylis&cmarkersforgenre,II
−15 −10 −5 0 5 10
−20
−15
−10
−50
5
PC1
PC2
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Statius' Achilleidscene−divisions of Ripoll−Soubiran
Stylis&cmarkersforgenre,II
Elegy-epicmetricandnarra&vedevelopmentel
egia
cep
ic
Exor
dium
Invo
catio
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onol
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Prep
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in G
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bacc
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of D
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.'s C
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D. a
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Lyc
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the
girls
Con
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L. a
nd U
.Th
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veal
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d Ly
com
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Dei
dam
ia's
lam
ent
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Stylis&cmarkersforgenre:
ausefulcontextualfeature?
• Howdoesthismetriccorrespondwiththemabccontext?• Doesitenrichourinterpretabonofverbalallusions?
• Ifso,canitbeusedtoimproveTesseraescores?
Elegy-epicmetricandnarra&vedevelopmentel
egia
cep
ic
Exor
dium
Invo
catio
nTh
etis
see
s th
e sh
ips
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is' m
onol
ogue
Arriv
al o
f Nep
tune
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is a
ddre
sses
Nep
tune
Nep
tune
's an
swer
Thet
is v
isits
Chi
ron
Thet
is a
nd C
hiro
n ta
lkAr
rival
of A
chille
sAc
hille
s' pa
stim
esD
ecis
ion
to h
ide
Achi
lles
Dep
artu
re o
f Th.
and
A.
Arriv
al o
n Sc
yros
Youn
g gi
rls o
f Scy
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Dis
guis
ing
Ach.
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ntru
sts
A. to
Lyc
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wells
Prep
arat
ions
in G
reec
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ulis
The
arm
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lls A
chille
sPr
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es a
nd U
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esAc
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s an
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bacc
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mon
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f Dei
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of D
. and
U.
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.'s C
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Lyc
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the
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lam
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Measuringelegiaccomponents
Deidamia’slament(Ach.927-960)• Specificvocabulary:maritus(husband),dulciafurta(sweet
thems),flere(tocry),lacrimas(tears),nimisimprobus(toosly)• Newmeaningofepicvocabulary:occupareartus• Verbalandthemabcintertextualitywithelegiacpoems(Prop.
4.3;Ov.Her.6and13)• Verbalandthemabcintertextualitywith‘elegiac-erobc’
secbonsofepicpoems(Catull.64;Verg.georg.4;Aen.4;Ov.met.11;Stat.Theb.2)
Stat.Ach.1.927
IlliusanteoculosnovabellaetXanthusetIde/Argolicaequeratesatqueipsascogitatundas/auroramquebmet:
n.3121Ov.met.11.563
illammeminitquerefertque,/illiusanteoculosutagantsuacorporafluctus,/optatetexanimismanibustumuleturamicis.
Score7
n.2782Ov.met.11.566
Dumnatat,absentem,quobenssinithiscerefluctus,/nominatAlcyonenipsisqueinmurmuratundis.
Score7
Stat.Ach.1.927
IlliusanteoculosnovabellaetXanthusetIde/Argolicaequeratesatqueipsascogitatundas/auroramquebmet:
ATesseraesearch:Achilleid/Ovid’sMetamorphoses=7555matches
eleg
iac
epic
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Exor
dium
Invo
catio
n
Thet
is s
ees
the
ship
s
Thet
is' m
onol
ogue
Arriv
al o
f Nep
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Thet
is a
ddre
sses
Nep
tune
Nep
tune
's an
swer
Thet
is v
isits
Chi
ron
Thet
is a
nd C
hiro
n ta
lk
Arriv
al o
f Ach
illes
Achi
lles'
past
imes
Dec
isio
n to
hid
e Ac
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Dep
artu
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f Th.
and
A.
Arriv
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n Sc
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Dis
guis
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A. to
Lyc
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Thet
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rewe
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intertexts/verseepicelegy
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Thema&ccontextandverbalallusion
Elegyvs.epic:preliminaryresults
• Binaryclassificabonreasonablystraighrorward• Atcoarsescale,themabcmetricsupportsourintuibons• Canbeusedtosupportclosereading• Relabonshipbetweenverbalallusionsandcontextisnota
simpleone
“Atypescenemayberegardedasarecurrentblockofnarrabvewithidenbfiablestructure”MarkW.Edwards.”HomerandOralTradibon:TheType-Scene”.Oraltradi;on,7/2(1992):284-330
Apollonius,VergilandValeriusFlaccus Apollonius,Argonau/ca2-3
2.815-898 Mariandyni;deathandburialofIdmonandTiphys;Ancaeuschosenashelmsman.
2.899-1259
DepartureandvoyagealongsoutherncoastofBlackSea;ArgonautspassCarambisandPrometheus.
2.1260-1285
NightandarrivalinthePhasis.PrayerofAncaeus.
[BOOKDIVISION]
3.1-5 InvocabonoftheMuseErato.
3.6-166
Divineintervenbon:Hera,Athena,AphroditeandEros.Love.
3.167-212 ArgonautsmaketheirwaytothecityandpalaceofAietes.
Vergil,Aeneid7[BOOKDIVISION]
7.1-7
DeathandburialofCaieta;departure.
7.8-24
Voyagealongthecoast;TrojanspassCirce’sland.
7.25-36
DawnandarrivalinTiber.
7.37-106
InvocabonoftheMuseEratoandthesituaboninLabum.
7.107-147
Meal.PrayerofAeneas;sacrifice.
7.286-640
TrojansmaketheirwaytothecityandpalaceofLabnus.
ValeriusFlaccus,Argonau/ca5[BOOKDIVISION]
5.1-70a Mariandyni;deathandburialofIdmonandTiphys;Erginuschosenashelmsman.
5.70b-176 Departure,voyagealongsoutherncoastofBlackSea;ArgonautspasstheChalybes,CarambisandPrometheus.
5.177-216 EveningandarrivalinthePhasis.PrayerofJason.
5.217-277 InvocabonofaMuse(dea)andthesituaboninColchis.
5.278-295 Divineintervenbon:JunoandMinerva.War.
5.296-328 ArgonautsmaketheirwaytothecityandpalaceofAietes.
TestcaseII:newchallenges
• Featuresetfortypicalscenesorthemes?• Withinratherthanbetweengenres• Needmorethantwoclasses
Corpus
Themabcallysimilar• OvidHeroides• SenecaMedea
Epic• BaebiusItalicusIliasLa;na• Catullus64• CorippusJohannis• Enniusfragments• LucanCivilWar• OvidMetamorphoses• SiliusItalicusPunica• StabusThebaid• StabusAchilleid• ValeriusFlaccusArgonau;ca• VergilAeneid
Features
• ca.8,000termfrequencies(termscommontoatleast2,notmorethanhalfofallsamples)
• TF-IDFweighbng• LDAwith50topics
• Allabove+k-meansclustering
Samplesize
• 30(conbguous)verselines
Theeffectofauthorship:TF-IDF
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Effects of authorshipTF−IDF by author
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baebius_italicuscatulluscorippusenniuslucanovidsenecasilius_italicusstatiusvalerius_flaccusvergil
Theeffectofauthorship:LDA
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02
4
Effects of authorshipLDA by author
PC1
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baebius_italicuscatulluscorippusenniuslucanovidsenecasilius_italicusstatiusvalerius_flaccusvergil
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k−means classification of lda
PC1
PC2
classificationclass 1class 2class 3class 4class 5class 6class 7
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authorshipbaebius_italicuscatulluscorippusenniuslucanovidsenecasilius_italicusstatiusvalerius_flaccusvergil
Unsupervisedclassifica&onofLDA
FF
FF
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FF
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F
FF
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FF F
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F FF F
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VVV V
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V VV V
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Close−up: Vergil vs. Valerius Flaccus
PC1
PC2
classificationclass 1class 2class 3class 4class 5class 6class 7
FV
authorshipvalerius_flaccusvergil
Unsupervisedclassifica&onofLDA
23
45
67
Vergil Aeneid 7
first verse of sample
clas
s
6.88
77.
167.
467.
767.
106
7.13
67.
166
7.19
67.
226
7.25
67.
286
7.31
67.
346
7.37
67.
406
7.43
67.
466
7.49
67.
526
7.55
67.
586
7.61
67.
646
7.67
67.
706
7.73
67.
766
7.79
6
23
45
67
Vergil Aeneid 7
first verse of sample
clas
s
6.88
77.
167.
467.
767.
106
7.13
67.
166
7.19
67.
226
7.25
67.
286
7.31
67.
346
7.37
67.
406
7.43
67.
466
7.49
67.
526
7.55
67.
586
7.61
67.
646
7.67
67.
706
7.73
67.
766
7.79
6
“War”half?“Peace”half?
Juno’sspeech(Ov.Met.class)
BaWle(Lucanclass)
Locus Descrip&on Humanclass K-meansclass
7,1-4 ApostrophetoCaieta 7
7,5-24 Departureandvoyage(Circe'sland) Voyage 7
7,25-36 Thewindsstopblowing;arrivaltothemouthoftheTiber Voyage 7
7,37-45 Invoca&ontotheMuse Invoca&on 7
7,45-80 Poli&calsitua&oninLa&um;omensofwar Prophecy 6
7,81-106 ProphecyofFaunus Prophecy 6
7,107-134 Meal(fulfilledprophecy) Sacrifice::Feast::Prophecy 6
7,135-147 PrayerofAeneasandsacrifice Sacrifice::Feast 7
7,148-169 Ambassytotheking Embassy 7
7,170-191 Theking'spalace(descrip&on) Embassy 7
7,192-211 La&nus'speech Embassy 6
7,212-248 Ilionaeus'answer Embassy 6
7,249-285 La&nus'answer;theTrojanscomebacktotheircamp Embassy 6
7,286-322 Divineinterven&onofJuno(speech) Divineinterven&on 4
7,323-340 JunocallstoAllectoforhelp(inordertoprovokewar) Divineinterven&on 6
7,341-372 AllectoinfectthesoulofAmata;Amata'swordstoLa&nus Divineinterven&on 6
7,373-405 AmataseizedwithBacchicfury Divineinterven&on 7
7,406-434 Allectoinoldlady'sclothespushesTurnustobahle Divineinterven&on 6
7,435-444 SardonicanswerofTurnus Divineinterven&on 2
7,445-474 WrathofAllecto,speech:Turnusseizedwithfurorbellicus Divineinterven&on 2/7
7,475-510 AllectoamongtheTrojans;IuluskillsthedeerofTyrrus'children Divineinterven&on 7/2
7,511-539 FirstbahleamongTrojansandItalicpopula&on Bahle::Divineinterven&on 2/3
7,540-571 AllectoreportstoJuno;Juno’sanswer;AllectogoestotheUnderworld Divineinterven&on 3/2
7,572-600 FuryofTurnusandofhisalliesagainstLa&nus;wordsofTurnusandLa&nus 2
7,601-640 Thedoorsofthewar(descrip&onofthehabit);Junoopensthem;warprepara&ons 2
7,641-645 Invoca&onstotheMuses Invoca&on 2
7,646-654 Catalogue:Mezen&usandhissonLausus Catalogue 2
7,655-669 Catalogue:Aven&nusandhismen Catalogue 2
7,670-677 Catalogue:Ca&llusandCoras Catalogue 2
7,678-690 Catalogue:Caeculuswithfightersfromthecountryside Catalogue 2
7,691-705 Catalogue:MessapuswithFescenniansandAequiFalisci Catalogue 2
7,706-722 Catalogue:theSabinianClaususandseveralitalicpeoples Catalogue 2
7,723-732 Catalogue:Halesusandseveralitalicpeoples Catalogue 2
7,733-743 Catalogue:Oebalus Catalogue 2
7,744-749 Catalogue:Ufens Catalogue 2
7,750-760 Catalogue:thepriestUmbro Catalogue 2
7,761-782 Catalogue:VirbiusfromAricia Catalogue 2
7,783-802 Catalogue:Turnusandhistroops:descrip&onofTurnus'armour Catalogue 2
7,803-817 Catalogue:CamillawiththeVolsci Catalogue
ThankyouUniversityofGenevaMastersSeminar• DianeDahan• FlorianeGoy• BasbenMarquis• AlfonsoNorelli• AdrienPhilipp• JohannSturzinger• MélissandeTomcik• KevinUdrisard
Tesserae• NeilCoffee(Buffalo)• WalterScheirer(NotreDame)• JamesGawley(Buffalo)• CaitlinDiddams(Buffalo)
ContactUs
ChristopherW.Forstall,[email protected]
LaviniaGalliMilić,[email protected]
DamienNelis,[email protected]
Tesserae
hWp://tesserae.caset.buffalo.edu
NeilCoffee,[email protected]