Day 3: The Age of Napoleon
Day 3: The Age of Napoleon
Napoleon takes power
Seen as national hero
Napoleon takes power
Seen as national hero
Napoleon was born in Corsica
Napoleon was born in Corsica
Napoleon’Napoleon’s homes home
•1799 NB uses the army to take over the government
•1799 NB uses the army to take over the government
Coup d'état (Military takeover)
•1804 NB crowns himself Emperor•1804 NB crowns himself Emperor
Napoleon as
Emperor
Napoleon as
Emperor
Napoleon's rule
•Uniform laws inspired by the Revolution•Civil Code was most important – preserved individual rights•But…
•Uniform laws inspired by the Revolution•Civil Code was most important – preserved individual rights•But…
The Napoleonic
Code
The Napoleonic
Code
Many laws restrict rights (especially
women) & restores slavery in Caribbean
Many laws restrict rights (especially
women) & restores slavery in Caribbean
•NB creates a new, efficient government•Promotion based on ability - not rank or birth
•NB creates a new, efficient government•Promotion based on ability - not rank or birth
A New Bureaucracy
A New Bureaucracy
NB Sells Louisiana to US in 1803 for $15
m.
NB Sells Louisiana to US in 1803 for $15
m.
Needs money for war in Europe & too far away to
control
Needs money for war in Europe & too far away to
control
•Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia and Sweden unite against NB
•Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia and Sweden unite against NB
The CoalitionThe Coalition
Napoleonic Warfare
Napoleonic Warfare
1. Rapid Movement
2. Divide and Conquer
3. Object not to outmaneuver, but to destroy enemy army
1. Rapid Movement
2. Divide and Conquer
3. Object not to outmaneuver, but to destroy enemy army
4. Massed formations firing at short range
5. Mobile artillery
5. Mobile artillery
By 1812, NB’s Empire consists of three major parts:
- French Empire - dependent
states- allied states
By 1812, NB’s Empire consists of three major parts:
- French Empire - dependent
states- allied states
Continental System
The Invasion of Russia
The Invasion of Russia
Alexander I of Russia refuses to stop trade with Britain
Alexander I of Russia refuses to stop trade with Britain
http://members.tripod.com/~shadojak/march.jpg
•1812 - 400,000 French invade•1812 - 400,000 French invade
Russians use scorched-earth
policy
Russians use scorched-earth
policy
Russians burn Moscow before
retreating
Russians burn Moscow before
retreating
Napoleon Takes Moscow
Napoleon Takes Moscow
http://www.museum.ru/museum/1812/English/Painting/ver/index.html
Winter falls = NB must retreat
Winter falls = NB must retreat
Russians attack & only 10,000 French
escape Russia
Russians attack & only 10,000 French
escape Russia
Napoleon in
Defeat
Napoleon in
Defeat
Napoleon exiled to Elba off the coast of
Italy
Napoleon exiled to Elba off the coast of
Italy
The 100 DaysThe 100 Days•Louis XVIII returned to throne by Allies•March 1, 1815 - NB escapes to Europe, welcomed by French
•Louis XVIII returned to throne by Allies•March 1, 1815 - NB escapes to Europe, welcomed by French
Waterloo (Belgium)Waterloo (Belgium)
NB's final defeat to English under theDuke of Wellington
NB's final defeat to English under theDuke of Wellington
http://members.tripod.com/~shadojak/square.jpg
WaterlWaterloooo
Reasons for Defeat
• Britain’s survival and strength
• Nationalism – unique cultural identity of a nation. (Patriotism against France)
Final exile - NB sent to St. Helena
Final exile - NB sent to St. Helena
Napoleon’s House on St. Napoleon’s House on St.
HelenaHelena
Dies 6 years later of cancer (???)
Dies 6 years later of cancer (???)
Napoleon’s TombNapoleon’s Tomb