Diesel, petrol, h ybrid en gin es an d all e lectric h ave th eir advan tages for tow in g.D iesel, petrol, h ybrid en gin es an d all e lectric h ave th eir advan tages for tow in g.

B en efit from free tow -m atch in g w h en you B en efit from free tow -m atch in g w h en you join th e C lu bjoin th e C lu b ..

The re have been b ig change s in the ca r

ma rke t ove r re cent yea rs . Fo l low ing the

'd ie s e lga te ' s canda l o f 2015, in w hich

Vo lksw agen w as found to have chea ted

em is s ions te s ts in the U S, d ie s e l ca rs have

de cl ined in popu la rity. Pe t ro l pow e r now

take s the l ion 's s ha re o f new ca r s a le s , and

e le ct ric veh icle s and p lug-in hybrids a re

taking a grow ing sha re o f the ma rke t .

A lthough pe t ro l ca rs a ccount fo r a round 65

pe r cent o f U K new ca r s a le s (2019), tow ca r drive rs s hou ldn 't d ism is s d ie s e l. Th is type o f e ng ine

s t i l l ha s m any advantage s fo r tow ing, and the la te s t gene ra t ion o f d ie s e ls em it much le s s than

o lde r d ie s e ls .

In the longe r te rm , bo th pe t ro l and d ie s e l fue ls look s e t to be rep la ced by ba t te ry e le ct ric ca rs

(and pos s ib ly hydrogen fue l ce l l veh icle s ), w ith a move to hybrids and p lugg ing hybrids bridg ing

the gap be tw een the inte rna l combus t ion eng ine and the fo s s i l-fue l fre e future .

Grow ing numbe rs o f hybrids a re homo loga ted fo r tow ing, and e ven s ome pure e le ct ric veh icle s .

So , how do you s epa ra te ant i-d ie s e l fa ct from fict ion? A re mode rn pe t ro ls jus t a s capab le o f

tow ing a s the ir d ie s e l counte rpa rts ? And a re hybrids and e le ct ric veh icle s now capab le tow ca rs ?

W hich type o f fue l is be s t fo r tow ing?

D iesel versus petro lA lthough a lte rna t ive te chno log ie s a re ga in ing popu la rity, mos t tow

ca r drive rs a re choos ing be tw een d ie s e l and pe t ro l. He re is a look

a t the pros and cons o f e a ch.

D ie s e ls a re a lm os t a lw ays more fue l-e ff icie nt than the equ iva lent

pe t ro l ca r, and tha t can le ad to b ig s avings a t the pumps . W e have

taken a ba ske t o f thre e popu la r ca rs (the BMW 5 Se rie s Touring ,

the K ia Spo rtage , and the Skoda Ka roq) and compa red the fue l b i l ls

o f a pe t ro l and d ie s e l mode l. O ur ca lcu la t ions a re ba sed on the o ff icia l combined f igure , unde r

the new W orldw ide Ha rmonis ed L ight Veh icle Te s t P rocedure (W LTP ) s tanda rd . The re su lt s o f

the se new te s ts a re much clo s e r to the e conomy drive rs a re l ike ly to a ch ie ve in re a l-w o rld driving

than the o ld NEDC (New European Driving Cycle ) te s ts .

The d ie s e l ve rs ions s aved be tw een £209.51 and £411.42 fo r a drive r cove ring 10,000 m ile s pe r

yea r, a lthough th is mus t be s e t aga ins t the h ighe r cos t o f d ie s e l ca rs : e xpe ct to pay a prem ium

o f a round £1,000 to £2,000.

D ATA SH EET#2 3 C h o o sing a to w car - W h ich#2 3 C h o o sing a to w car - W h ichFu el?Fu el?

#23

It w i l l ta ke many m ile s to make up fo r the h ighe r price in fue l s avings , but the grea te r your

tow ing m ile age the m ore you a re l ike ly to s ave . In 2013, The Camping and Ca ravanning C lub

com pa red fue l e conomy w hen tow ing w ith pe t ro l and d ie s e l ca rs , w o rking w ith P ra ct ica l Ca ravan

and W ha t Ca r? . The re s ea rch show ed tha t e conomy w ors ened fa r more fo r pe t ro l ca rs than

d ie s e ls w hen tow ing a ca ravan.

It is no t jus t tha t d ie s e ls w i l l co s t le s s to run than pe t ro ls . The w ay the eng ine s re spond w hen

the drive r p re s s e s on the a cce le ra to r is a ls o impo rtant . D ie s e ls gene ra l ly have more to rque than

pe t ro ls , and th is is de l ive red a t low e r eng ine re vo lut ions . Th is means tha t d ie s e l e ng ine s

re spond more s t rong ly in the m idd le o f the re v range than pe t ro ls , and a re be t te r ab le to pu l l in

a h igh gea r w hen tow ing.

By cont ra s t , pe t ro l e ng ine s o ften have more pow e r a t the top o f the re v range . Th is means the

drive r needs to ho ld on to a low e r gea r fo r longe r w hen a cce le ra t ing to ge t the be s t from the

eng ine . To ma inta in s peed on h i l ls o r ove rtake w hen tow ing, a drive r w i l l ne ed to change gea r

more o ften w hen driving a pe t ro l ca r.

A lthough th is gene ra l is a t ion s t i l l ho lds t rue in mos t ca se s , the re is a s t rong t rend in pe t ro l

e ng ine de s ign fo r sma ll capacity turbocha rged un it s . By us ing turbocha rg ing to fo rce a ir in to the

com bus t ion chambe r the se eng ine s a re more e ff icie nt and have to rque cha ra cte ris t ics tha t make

them be t te r s u ite d to tow ing than mos t non-turbo pe t ro l un it s .

Fo r e xam ple , the 1.5 TSI 150PS eng ine in the Skoda Ka roq and many o the r VW Group ca rs ha s

250Nm o f to rque . Tha t 's more than Mazda 's non-turbo Skyact iv-X eng ine in the 3 ha tchback and

the CX-30 SU V , w hich ha s 224Nm.

It 's no t jus t tha t the turbocha rged pe t ro l ha s more to rque , it 's a ls o de l ive red low e r in the re v

range . The Skoda 's TSI puts out it s maximum from 1,500-3,500rpm , w he rea s the Mazda eng ine

de l ive rs peak to rque a t 3,000rpm .

How eve r, e ven an e ff icie nt and punchy turbocha rged pe t ro l s t rugg le s to pu l l a s w e l l a s a

turbod ie s e l. The equ iva lent d ie s e l in the Skoda Ka roq range ha s 340Nm o f to rque . Tha t 's a 36

pe r cent incre a se ove r the turbocha rged pe t ro l, e nough to be cle a rly no t ice ab le w hile tow ing.

D iesel versus petro l tow cars: w h ich w eighm ore?As w e l l a s having more to rque , d ie s e l e ng ine s tend to be heavie r than the ir pe t ro l e qu iva lents .

Th is e xt ra w e ight he lps w ith s tab i l i ty w hen tow ing.

Take the BMW 5 Se rie s Touring from our fue l co s t compa ris on. The 520d Touring ha s a

ke rbw e ight o f 1,735kg, w he rea s the 520i Touring ha s a ke rbw e ight o f 1,705kg. Tha t g ive s an

85% m a tch f igure o f 1,475kg fo r the d ie s e l (s e e the Ma tch ing Ca r and Ca ravan Da ta Shee t) , and

1,449kg fo r the pe t ro l.

O ften, d ie s e ls w i l l have a h ighe r le ga l tow ing l im it than the equ iva lent pe t ro l. The K ia Spo rtage

d ie s e l in our com pa ris on ha s a 1,900kg l im it , w he rea s the pe t ro l ha s a 1,600kg maximum. In the

ca se o f the Skoda Ka roq, the d ie s e l 's maximum is 1,800kg, the pe t ro l is 1,500kg. The BMW is

the on ly ca r o f the thre e w ith ident ica l tow ing l im its fo r bo th d ie s e l and pe t ro l mode ls (2,000kg).

R easons to choose a petro l tow carO n the fa ce o f it , tha t make s qu ite an open and shut ca se fo r a d ie s e l e ng ine , but pe t ro l mode ls

have the ir advantage s . The mos t obvious is p rice . As ment ioned above , the d iffe rence in cos t can

be a s m uch a s £2,000, w hich w il l ta ke many m ile s to make up in fue l s avings .Tha t is one re a son

w hy pe t ro l ca rs can m ake more s ense fo r low m ile age drive rs .

In the pa s t , d ie s e ls have tended to ho ld the ir va lue be t te r than pe t ro l ca rs . How eve r, a s the

popula rity o f d ie s e l ha s w aned, tha t pa t te rn ha s changed. Acco rd ing to W ha t Ca r? , the K ia

Spo rtage pe t ro l in our fue l e conomy compa ris on re ta ins 51% o f it s o rig ina l p rice a fte r thre e yea rs

and 36,000 m ile s , s ome 8% more than the d ie s e l In the ca se o f the Skoda , the pe t ro l hangs on

to 51% , the d ie s e l 46% .

If you a re buying a new ca r, tha t means you bene fit tw ice from choos ing a pe t ro l – no t on ly w il l

you pay le s s up front , depend ing on the make and mode l you may hang on to more o f w ha t you

pa id w hen you e ventua l ly s e l l the ca r on.

Fo r us ed ca r buye rs , it make s d ie s e l a more a ffo rdab le cho ice , a s the price prem ium fo r a new

d ie s e l is e roded ove r t ime .

A lthough s e rvice in te rva ls on many mode rn ca rs a re ident ica l w he the r you choose pe t ro l o r

d ie s e l, s e rvicing b i l ls a re gene ra l ly cheape r i f you ow n a pe t ro l ca r. Then the re is no is e to

cons ide r. Pe t ro l e ng ine s a re gene ra l ly qu ie te r and smoo the r than d ie s e ls .

W hich is m ore realib le petro l or d iesel?Resea rch by the consume r group W hich? s ugge s ts tha t - cont ra ry to popu la r be l ie f - d ie s e l

eng ine s a re le s s re l ia b le than pe t ro ls . In pa rt icu la r the re is one common prob lem w ith

today’s d ie s e ls : they do no t l ike s ho rt journeys . Mode rn d ie s e l e ng ine s a re f it te d w ith D ie s e l

Pa rt icu la te Fi lte rs (DPFs ) tha t remove s oo ty pa rt icle s from the e xhaus t . O nce in a w hile the

DPF burns o ff the pa rt icu la te ma t te r it ha s t rapped, but it needs to re a ch a h igh ope ra t ing

tempe ra ture to do s o . I f your driving mos t ly cons is ts o f b rie f tow n journeys , the DPF can

be come clogged. I f th is is no t cove red unde r w a rranty it may cos t a four-f igure s um to put

right .

Manufa cture rs have been w orking to ge t round th is

prob lem , but it is a draw back tha t ha s no t been

e l im ina ted comple te ly.

Pe t ro l ca rs a ls o have s ome environmenta l advantage s

ove r d ie s e ls . W hile d ie s e ls p roduce le s s ca rbon d ioxide

(CO 2), one o f the ga se s l inked to cl ima te change , they

do no t burn a s cle an ly a s pe t ro ls .

D ie s e ls p roduce m ore s oo ty em is s ions , w hich DPFs a re

de s igned to t rap . I f inha le d , the se pa rt icu la te s can be ha rm fu l to the lungs and hea rt .

O lde r d ie s e ls a ls o produce more n it rogen oxide (NO x), w hich a re a ls o ha rm fu l to human hea lth .

But the be s t b rand new d ie s e ls now produce ve ry l i t t le NO x.

C leaner d ieselsA ll e ng ine s mus t m ee t ce rta in European regu la t ions , but d ie s e ls a re a l low ed to em it more o f

s ome po l lu tants than pe t ro ls . How eve r, the Euro 6 s tanda rd , w hich came into fo rce fo r new

mode ls in Septembe r 2014 (and e xis t ing ca rs from Septembe r 2015), ha s na rrow ed the gap in

w ha t ’s a cceptab le fo r the tw o fue l type s . U nde r Euro 5 ru le s , d ie s e ls cou ld em it thre e t imes a s

much NO x a s a pe t ro l ca r. U nde r Euro 6, the NO x l im its have s tayed the s ame fo r pe t ro l e ng ine s

but d ie s e l l im its have dropped to jus t a th ird more than fo r pe t ro l ca rs .

U pda te s to the Euro 6 s tanda rd have a ls o pushed manufa cture rs to make cle ane r pe t ro l and

d ie s e l e ng ine s . Since Septembe r 2017 ca rs have been te s ted to the toughe r and more re a l is t ic

W LTP s tanda rd , ra the r than the o ld NEDC s ys tem . So w hile the pe rm it te d le ve l o f em is s ions

hasn 't changed, the te s t me thod ha s .

The W LTP te s ts a re s upp lemented by RDE (Rea l Driving Em is s ions ) te s ts on the road. The se a re

de s igned to che ck tha t ca rs a re no t p roducing s ign if icant ly more po l lu t ion in re a l-w o rld cond it ions

than in the labo ra to ry, and to make it more d iff icu lt fo r a manufa cture r to chea t the te s ts .

To he lp a ch ie ve Euro 6 unde r more s t ringent te s t cond it ions , manufa cture rs have looked a t a

va rie ty o f new te chno log ie s . O ne o f the mos t impo rtant is Se le ct ive Ca ta lyt ic Reduct ion (SCR),

w hich use s a ca ta lys t and a urea s o lut ion ca l le d AdB lue (o r D ie s e l Exhaus t Flu id) to remove NO x

em is s ions from the e xhaus t .

The AdB lue is s to red in a s epa ra te tank and w il l ne ed topp ing up from t ime to t ime .

Vo lksw agen’s Pa s sa t us e s AdB lue in s ome mode ls and VW says a fu l l 13-l it re AdB lue tank shou ld

la s t fo r approxima te ly 5,600 m ile s .The drive r re ce ive s a w a rn ing mes sage on the da shboa rd to

ind ica te the tank is runn ing low . Rep la cement AdB lue is a va i la b le through ca r dea le rs and many

fi l l ing s ta t ions . P rice s va ry, but e xpe ct to pay a round £1.50-£2 pe r l i t re .

W hicheve r te chno logy is employed, the new la te s t gene ra t ion o f d ie s e ls is much cle ane r than

ea rl ie r e ng ine s . How eve r, independent te s t ing by companie s l ike Em is s ions Ana lyt ics s ugge s t

the re a re s t i l l s ign if icant d iffe rence be tw een the cle ane s t and d irt ie s t ca rs , e ven those w hich

mee t the Euro 6 s tanda rd .

Petro l versus d iesel: w h ich is best fortow ing?Fo r the right d rive r, LPG make s a s ens ib le a lte rna t ive fue l and hybrid and e le ct ric ca rs a ls o have

the ir p la ce . Hydrogen pow e r is a ls o on the ho riz on, a lthough fo r the next few yea rs the re s t ricte d

re fue l l ing ne tw ork w il l l im it it s appea l. Fo r mos t tow ca r drive rs , the cho ice s t i l l comes dow n to

pe t ro l o r d ie s e l.

So , the re a re cle a rly pros and cons to bo th o f the ma jo r fue l type s . W hich is be s t depends la rge ly

on how m any m ile s you drive , w ha t you need to tow and how o ften you tow it .

The low e r your annua l m ile age and the l ighte r your ca ravan o r t ra i le r, the more s ense pe t ro l

make s . How eve r, fo r re gu la r tow ing – e spe cia l ly i f you ho l iday in a s ubs tant ia l ca ravan – the

ext ra pu l l ing pow e r o f a d ie s e l e ng ine make s it a be t te r cho ice fo r mos t drive rs . And the be s t

new d ie s e ls em it fa r le s s than the ir 'd irty' re puta t ion w ould have you be l ie ve .

S hou ld I convert m y tow car to LP G ?A few yea rs ago LPG (l iqu if ie d pe t ro le um gas ) w as touted a s the

next b ig th ing . Le s s e xpens ive to buy than pe t ro l, LPG s eemed l ike

the idea l fue l fo r ow ne rs o f pe t ro l ca rs – e spe cia l ly b ig 4x4s –

looking to keep a l id on the ir runn ing cos ts . The re a l ity is a l i t t le

more com plica ted , a lthough fo r the right tow ca r and drive r LPG s t i l l

ha s a lo t go ing fo r it .

Mos t pe t ro l ca rs can be conve rted to run on LPG. Th is invo lve s

ins ta l l ing a s e cond fue l tank, o ften in the s pa re w hee l w e l l . The ca r

can then run on LPG w he re ava i la b le , o r on pe t ro l i f you s t rugg le to

f ind an LPG f i l l ing s ta t ion. How eve r, a cco rd ing to the d i l l lpg .co .uk w ebs ite , the re a re 1,873

re fue l l ing s ite s in the U K, s o it s hou ld no t be too much o f cho re to f ind one .

The bene fit o f LPG is no t improved fue l e conomy – e ven LPG ’s keene s t advoca te s adm it tha t

fue l e conomy is l ike ly to w o rs en by a round 20 pe r cent – but be cause the price o f LPG is s o

much low e r than pe t ro l, your fue l b i l ls s hou ld fa l l d rama t ica l ly.

Fo r e xample , a pe t ro l-pow e red 4x4 tha t re turns 25mpg fue l le d by un le aded pe t ro l m ight

re turn 20m pg us ing LPG. T rave l l ing 10,000 m ile s fue l le d by un le aded w ould mean a b i l l o f

£2,302 (ba sed on a fue l co s t o f £1.266 pence pe r l i t re ). Driving the s ame d is tance us ing LPG

w ould cos t £1,452.50 (ba sed on 63.9pp l). Tha t is a s aving o f £849.50., o r jus t ove r 8p fo r

e ve ry m ile driven.

O f cours e , the re is the cos t o f the conve rs ion it s e lf to cons ide r. Th is va rie s depend ing on

the make and m ode l and the company do ing the conve rs ion, but is l ike ly to be a round

£1,200 (take a look a t the Drive LPG (w w w .drive lpg .co .uk) w ebs ite fo r a l is t o f approved

ins ta l le rs ). U s ing tha t f igure and the e s t ima ted fue l b i l ls above it w ould ta ke 14,126 m ile s

to m ake ba ck the cos t o f the conve rs ion in fue l s avings . Tha t is i f you a re ab le to drive

exclus ive ly on LPG, s o in pra ct ice the t rue m ile age is l ike ly to be h ighe r.

So , i f you p lan to keep a ca r fo r a w hile an LPG conve rs ion s hou ld pay fo r it s e lf and

u lt im a te ly le ave you be t te r o ff. How eve r, the re a re s ome d is advantage s to be aw a re o f. Jus t

a s mpg w ors ens w hen us ing LPG, s o pow e r is a ls o reduced. Many ow ne rs s ay they can ’t te l l

the d iffe rence , but it is the re .

A ls o , i f your ca r is s t i l l unde r the o rig ina l w a rranty an LPG conve rs ion may inva l ida te it fo r

the re la ted components , a lthough th is is no t a conce rn w ith an o lde r veh icle . Y ou w il l a ls o

no t be ab le to ta ke your ca r through the Channe l Tunne l (a lthough it can be taken on cros s -

Channe l fe rrie s .)

The lo s s o f the s pa re w hee l w e l l is a rguab ly a b igge r is s ue . Drive rs can ca rry a s pa re

se cured in the boo t , but th is le ave s le s s room fo r luggage s o ca rrying the s pa re ove r the

axle in the ca ravan may be an opt ion.

O ve ra l l , though, i f you ow n an o lde r pe t ro l ca r and p lan to hang on to it fo r a good few

yea rs , an LPG conve rs ion cou ld s ave you hundreds o f pounds in the long run.

T im e to sw itch on to a hybrid or e lectric?Hybrids and e le ct ric ca rs a re no longe r n iche veh icle s , and now a ccount fo r a round thre e pe r cent

o f ca rs s o ld . An incre a s ing numbe r o f hybrids – and e ven s ome pure e le ct ric veh icle s – a re

approved fo r tow ing.

B road ly s peaking , the re a re tw o kinds o f hybrids . Convent iona l hybrids conve rt kine t ic e ne rgy into

e le ct ricity through regene ra t ive braking s ys tems and can a ls o top up the ir ba t te rie s us ing the

pe t ro l o r d ie s e l e ng ine a s a gene ra to r. Th is doe s aw ay w ith the need fo r p lugg ing the ca r in to

cha rge the ba t te rie s , but the d is tance s s uch ca rs can t rave l on e le ct ric pow e r a lone a re re la t ive ly

sma ll. Hybrids o f th is type homo loga ted fo r tow ing include the Lexus NX and RX hybrids ,and the

Range Rove r and Range Rove r Spo rt Hybrids .

Increa s ing ly, manufa cture rs a re turn ing aw ay from convent iona l hybrids in fa vour o f p lug-in

hybrids tha t can be re cha rged from domes t ic s ocke ts o r s pe cia l cha rg ing po ints , a s w e l l a s us ing

regene ra t ive braking o r ta king pow e r from the eng ine . The se t rave l furthe r on e le ct ric pow e r

a lone than regu la r hybrids (more than 30 m ile s in idea l cond it ions , depend ing on the mode l).

Ca rs o f th is type tha t have h igh enough tow ing l im its to pu l l a ca ravan include the M its ub is h i

O ut lande r PHEV and the Vo lksw agen Pa s sa t GTE.

Bo th kinds prom is e good fue l e conomy and ve ry low o ff icia l ca rbon d ioxide outputs . Be cause o f

the w ay the o ff icia l fue l and em is s ions f igure s a re ca lcu la ted , p lug-in hybrids in pa rt icu la r

a ch ie ve e xcept iona l numbe rs in the lab , a lthough manufa cture rs adm it the re a l-w o rld e conom y is

un l ike ly to be qu ite s o good.

The se ca rs a re e spe cia l ly appea l ing i f you have a company ca r, s ince Bene fit -In-K ind (B IK) ta x

b i l ls depend on a veh icle ’s p rice and CO 2 output .

As tow ca rs , p lug-in hybrids a re a t the ir be s t w hen the

ba t te ry is fu l ly cha rged. In te s ts ca rrie d out by The

Camping and Ca ravanning C lub in a s socia t ion w ith

P ra ct ica l Ca ravan and W ha t Ca r? , the Vo lvo V60 P lug-

In Hybrid a ch ie ved 44.9mpg tow ing a tw in-axle toure r

w ith a fu l l cha rge , d ropp ing to 29.6mpg runn ing w ith a

low ba t te ry.

Pe t ro l-e le ct ric p lug-in hybrids a re more common than

d ie s e l-e le ct ric hybrids l ike the Vo lvo , w hich is no longe r on s a le . The se tend to de l ive r poo r

e conom y once the ba t te rie s a re low .

So , the se ca rs m ake mos t s ense fo r company ca r drive rs w ith s ho rt commute s , w ho shou ld be

ab le to com ple te the ir da i ly d riving on e le ct ricity a lone and bene fit from low (B IK) ta x b i l ls .

E le ct ric ca rs approved fo r tow ing include the Aud i e -t ron (le ga l tow ing l im it : 1,800kg), the Jagua r

I-Pa ce (750kg), the Me rcede s -Benz EQ C (1,800kg), the Te s la Mode l X (2,250kg) and the Te s la 3

(910kg).

How eve r, a lthough the range o f e le ct ric ca rs is s te ad i ly improving , the e xt ra w e ight and drag o f a

ca ravan reduce s the d is tance the se ca rs can t rave l on a cha rge . O ur ow n te s ts s ugge s ted a range

o f jus t ove r 100 m ile s fo r the I-Pa ce w hile tow ing.

The d iff icu lty o f re cha rg ing on a long journey is ano the r l im ita t ion. As re cha rg ing s pa ce s a re

s iz ed fo r ca rs , no t ca rs and ca ravans , d rive rs w ould need to f ind s omew he re to s e cure ly pa rk

the ir ca ravan be fo re driving to the cha rg ing s ta t ion.

The proce s s w il l e ventua l ly be come le s s one rous a s more u lt ra -rap id cha rge rs a re in t roduced,

w hich can a ch ie ve an 80 pe r cent cha rge in a s l i t t le a s 30 m inute s . In the long-te rm , a s and

w hen e le ct ric ca rs be come more common than pe t ro ls and d ie s e ls , w e 'd e xpe ct cha rg ing po ints to

be added to ca ravan pa rking a rea s a t mo to rw ay s e rvice s ta t ions .

H ow to save fuel w hen tow ingDrive more s low ly. Tow ing a t 55mph ra the r than 60mph on the moto rw ay w il l re duce your

fue l b i l l

A lw ays make sure the tyre s on your ca r and ca ravan a re in f la ted to the co rre ct p re s sure

fo r tow ing

Keep w indow s clo s ed fo r be t te r a e rodynam ics

Leave the a ir cond it ion ing sw itched o ff w heneve r pos s ib le

Ant icipa te gaps in t ra ff ic a t roundabouts and junct ions to reduce the need to s top and

then a cce le ra te from s tands t i l l .

If you ha ve fe e dba ck on our ne w forma t Da ta she e t, p le a se le t us know , using our short

Fe e dba ck Form.