United States Air Force Reserve

Fly, Fight and Win…

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e

Dam the mosquitoes...full steam ahead: Garrison Dam Mosquito

Management Project, Williston, ND

Major Mark BreidenbaughMajor Karl Haagsma

Lt Col Don TeigAir Force Aerial Spray Unit

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Operational Mission Locations

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Historical mosquito problem

During the Corps of Discovery, Lewis & Clark encountered mosquitoes near Williston in

August 1806

Clark left Lewis a note:

“Game scarce, mosquitoes troublesome”

Williston, ND

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Reported WNV Disease Cases in Humans,United States, 1999-2009*

• Reported as of 12/31/2009

Year # Cases # Fatalities

1999 62 72000 21 22001 66 92002 4,156 2842003 9,862 2642004 2,539 1002005 3,000 1192006 4,269 1772007 3,630 1242008 1,356 442009* 663 22

16 %

5 %

6 %For the Dakotas

3 %

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Scope of the problem

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Warm welcome

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Williston mosquito larvicide 28 May - 4 June 2009

Application parameters: 230 mph ground speed 100 ft above ground level RA nozzles (24 straight back) 200 ft swath width 0.24 oz/acre (1.5 pints/acre) Vectobac 12AS (1200 ITU/mg) Began at sunrise 6,700 acres treated

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e

ResultsPre and Post treatment samples of mosquito larvae in single standard dip samples at Skunk Hollow (N48°6.486,W103°40.746) pre-spray (31 May) and post-spray (1 June)

Skunk Hollow 1 2 3 4 5 6 % difference

Location 1

Location 2

pre 12 60 56 240 160 105.6 post 4 1 1 0 0 1.2 - 99% pre 160 12 36 140 75 84.6 post 6 0 8 8 2 4.8 - 94%

no spray area

72 88 68 12 84 64.8 72 80 32 40 130 70.8 + 9%

Larviciding depresses adult numbers in 2009?

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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e

Etofenprox

Etofenprox molecule identified in the early ’80s in Japan

Similar mode of action to traditional pyrethroids (sodium channel blocker)

Low mammalian toxicity (LD50 > 42,000 mg/kg) Registered for mosquito control Sept 2008

(Zenivex) Registration was supported by DWFP grant ZenivexE20 aerial label, requires

conformational data for US EPA

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Methods

Pre-spray sampling: NJ light traps Landing rates

Monitored droplet deposition

Used field-collected mosquitoes for caged bioassays

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e

Williston mosquito adulticide 20 July 2009

Application parameters: 230 mph ground speed 150ft above ground level 8005 flat fan nozzles (10) 2000 ft swath width (1 swath

offset) 0.32 oz/acre (0.0035 lbs AI) began 1.5 hrs prior to sunset 24,000 acres treated

Winds: 280°/5-8 knots, ground 290°/12-18 knots, altitude

Wind direction

Williston area spray block

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Results

Field-collected mosquitoes were:

Ae. vexans 96% Ae. dorsalis 3%

Percent mortality of caged mosquitoes- corrected with Abbott’s formula

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e

Results

19-July 20-JulyBrotherinlaw 8 50

Walmart 4 0Ol' Police St 50 2

Bermuda 50 0Skunk Hollow 50 8

Landing rate counts

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Results

Ae. vexans collected in NJ traps

20-July 21-July 22-July 23-July0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Spray

indi

vidu

als

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Conclusions

Zenivex was a easy to work with material: noncorrosive and flushed with BVA oil

Low toxicity makes it appealing

Effective at mid-level rate in high mosquito density environment

Price?

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Future plans

Strategies for increasing the period of mosquito relief include:

Increase surveillance and scouting to determine larval development sites and larvicide these areas

Increase adult surveillance to determine optimum application time

Increasing the size of the spray area to create a buffer zone around Williston

Consider applications on Army Corps land Multiple applications Begin at dusk for adulticide sprays

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Acknowledgements

Jeff Keller, Army Corps of Engineers Fran Bosch, Steve Kemp & staff, Williston Vector

Control Stephanie Whitman, Valent BioSciences Bill Reynolds & Dean Gaiser, Central Life Sciences Vicki Johnson, Minot AFB Karl Haagsma & Don Teig, AF Spray Flight Air Force Spray Flight aircrews & maintenance

personnel